Educational times and journal of the College of Preceptors

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THE

EDUCATIONAL TIMES,

journal of tije College of ^reeeptors.

VOL. LXII

From January to Dece'mber, 1909.

LONDON ;
FRANCIS HODGSON, 89 FARRINGDON STREET, E.G.

1909.

LONDON :

PRINTED BY C. F. HODGSON 4 SON,

2 NEWTON STREET, KINGSWAT, W.C.

INDEX.

ARTICLES, &c.
Adams, Prof. J., on Illustration :

Class

Teaching, 241.

Adamson, Prof., on the History of Educa-
tion, 489. ,

Addis. W. J., on Head Masters and
Assistant Masters, 206. .

American National Education Association,

6«. , „„

Anglais, Les, dans !e Sud-Ouest, 453.
Anthropology and Political Science. 448.
Appointments and Vacancies, 22, 63, 124,

167 204, 235, 280, 316. 374, 416, 457, 499.
Assistant Master in French Schools, 319.
Assistant Masters m Secondary Schools-
Conference, 2S2. ^ .
Bagnall Mme, on " Mouvement Femin-

iste eii Angleterre," 199.
Bird, C, on the Teaching of Handwork,

237.
Bowen, the late H.C., 195.
British Association at Winnipeg, 409, 448.
Brown, "VV. C, on the Relations between

Heads of Schools and Parents, 459.
Canivet, A., on Madame Tallien, 283.
Charles, R. P., on the Educational Value

of Play, 168.
CoLLKOE OF Preceptors :—

Evening Meetings ; see below.

General Meeetings, 64, 311.

Meetings of Council. 27, 66, 120, 160, 199,
233, 276, 312, 411, 448, 501.

Pass Lists : —
Teachers' Diploma Examination. —
Christmas, 1908, 127; Midsummer,
1909, 451.
Certificate Examination.— Christmas

1908, 85, 129, 161 ; Midsummer, 1909,
335, 412.

Professional Preliminary Examina-
tion.— March, 1909, 160; September

1909, 411.

Lower Forms Examination. — Christ-
mas, 1908, 95, 131 ; Midsummer, 1909,

Certificate of Ability to Teach, 161, 464.
Confi^rences Francaises, 27, 161, 199, 245

283. 453, 494.
Coquelin, Les, 494.
Correspondence :—
Head Masters and Assistants : A Second

Master, 274 ; Thomas Wyles, 320.
Moral Education League : H. Johnson,

162.
Registration of Teachers in Secondary
Schools : J. O. Bevan, 236.
Current Events, 21, 61, 123, 165, 203,234,

279, 315, 373, 415, 455, 497.
De Lup6, Mile, on " Une Femme du

Second Empire," 161.
Duckworth, J., on the Development of

Initiation, 378.
Duhamel. J., on England through French

Glasses, 245.
Education, History of, 489.
Educational Ladder, 16. 66, 131, 160, 198,

233, 274, 309, 369, 447, 502.
Educational Wastage, 463.
Elle et Lui, 27.
Endowments and Benefactions, 22. 62, 124,

166, 203, 234, 280. 316, 374, 416. 456, 498.
Eneland thi-ough French Glasses, 245.
Equal Pay for E'lual Work, 419.
Evening Meetinqs at the College of
Preceptors, Papers read at : —
On the Government of Children : Prof.

Findlay, 116.
Educational Value of Play : R.F.Charles

168.
Relations between Head Masters and

Assistant Masters : W. J. Addis, 206
Dangers of Illustration in Class

Teaching: Prof. J. Adams, 241.
Relations between Heads of Schools and

Parents : W. C. Brown, 459.
History of Education as a Professional
Study : Prof. J. W. Adamson, 489.
Pemrae du Second Empire, 161.
Findlay, Prof., on the Government of

Children. 116,
Fixtures, 21, 61, 123, 165, 203, 234, 279, 315,

373, 415, 455, 497.
German Higher Schools, 321.
German in Secondary Schools, 493.
Government of Children, 116.
Grammatical Terminology, 161,
Greek, Pronunciation ofVl32.
Handwork, Teaching of, 237.
Hanks, F. G., on the Assistant Master in
French Schools, 319.

Hayward, Dr. F. H., on a Budget of
Controversies, 24, 67.

Head Masters and Assistant Masters, 206.

Head Mistresses and the Franchise, 382,

Heads of Schools and Parents, 459.

Herculaneum, Treasures of, 311.

Honours, 21, 62, 123, 165, 203, 234, 279, 315,
373, 416, 456, 497.

Illustration in Class Teaching, 241.

Imperial Aid for Education, 313,

Initiation. The Development of, 378.

Jackraan, M., on Imperial Aid for Educa-
tion, 313,

Karpinski, L. C, on the Teaching of
Mathematics, 380.

Latin in the Schools, 132.

Latour, Mme, on " Les Coquelin," 494.

Leading Articles :—

Christmas Card for Mr. Runciman, 11.

Circulation of Teachers, 109.

Compulsor.y Continuation Schools, 305.

Education 'in Japan, 267.

Education in Russia, 403,

For Private Profit, 51,

Hegel as Educationist, 363.

How to Te ich Geometry. 193.

Not how to Teach Foreign Languages,
227.

Registration in Delay, 153.

Regulations for Secondary Schools, 485.

Religion in Schools of the Future. 441.
Literary Items, 23, 63, 125, 168, 205, 236,

231, 318, 375, 417, 458, 500.
Local .Vuthoritie- and Private Schools, 125.
London Mathematical Society, 38, 80, 142,

182, 219. 258, 294, 514.
Magnus, Sir P., on Practical Instruction

in Elementary Schools, 133.
Marguer6, 1'Abbe, on " Elle et Lui," 27.

Mathematical QnEsxioxs and Solu-
tions : — Aiyar, M. S. V., 330 ; Aiyar,
S. N., 35, 141 ; Aiyar, V, Ramaswami,
473,513; Anderson, Bey. W., 392, 512;
Archibald, R, C, 328; Ball, W. W.
Rouse, 328; Barniville, J. J., 180, 257 ;
Bateman, H., 471; Bates, G. N., 428;
Beard, W. F., 79, 180, 255, 330, 393, 471,
473; Berwick, W. E. H., 427, 512; Biddle,
D., 78, 139, 329, 429 ; Blaikie, J., 139, 216,
256, 257, 291, 330, 472; Blythe, W. H.,
181 ; Bdcher, Prof., 292 ; Brown, F. G.
W., 139, 256, 292, 513 ; Carr, G. S., 393 ;
Chartres, R., 37, 393, 473, 512 : Chaundy,
T. W., 393, 471, 512; Chepmell, Major
C. H., 36 ; Christie, R. W. D., 35, 257 ;
CliHord, Prof., 473; Cochez, Prof., 330,
427; Cunningham, Lt.-Col., 35, 37, 78,

140, 179, 217, 257, 292, 300, 331, 427, 472,
512; Dakin, A., 139; Dallas, R. J., 392:
Daniell, V., 77; Davis, R, F., 78, 140,

141, 181, 218, 255, 300, 393. 427 ; De Long-
champs, Prof., 511; Dick, Hon. G. R.,

140, 292 ; Dobbs, W. J., 392 ; Dudeney,
H. E., 329, 392 ; Eckenstein, O., 391 ;
Edwardes, D., 35; Escott, E. B., 78,

141, 179, 331, 471; Finlay, F. C, 139;
Francois, 217; Fudge, J. H.,78; Gallatly,
v., 218, 473; Ganguli, S., 37, 218, 255,
472; Gardner, R., 218, 330; Genese,
Prof., 181, 256; Gillson, A., 256, 292,
393, 512; Gould, S. C, 472; Grace,
J. H.. 392 : Greenstreet, W. J., 140,
181, 218, 472 ; Griffiths, J., 180 ; Hardy,
G. H., 179; Hernandez, Prof. E., 78,
218, 256, 513; Hippisley, Col. R. L.,
180; Hudson, Prof., 330; "Inquirer,"
291, 473; Isserlis, L.. 181; Johnston
J. v., 393; Kelkar, D. M., 140; Lai
Manohar, 256: "Aju," 257; Lemoine,
Prof., 36; Lindfleld, T. E., 256: MaC-
niillan, J., 218; McVicker, C. E., 256,
513: Madhavarao, v., 330; Marks, Con-
stance I., 256 ; Marks, F. C, 139 ; Ma^r,
W. L., 392, 393 : Martin. Artemas, 37,
291; Morlev, Prof., 77, 140, 428: Jlorri-
son, Edith J. D., 330, 512 : Muir, T.,
329 ; Nanson, Prof., 37, 77, 79, 139, 141,
179, 180; Nai-aniengar, M. T., 77, 180,
181, 255, 291, 328, 330, 331, 428, 472, 473,
512, 513; Narayana, M. S., 330: Nara-
yanan, S.. 255. 256, 291, 472, 513 ; Nesbitt,
A. M., 35, 140, 181, 215, 293, 394, 473,
512; Neuberg, Prof., 183, 217. 256, 512;
Orchard, Prof. L., 139; Pal, Jagat
Chandra, 330 ; Prasad,Prof. 512 ; Prosper,
V. R., 511; Purushotham, S.. 472;
Bamamurty. S. V., 292 ; Rao, C. M., 180 ;
Redgrove, 'H. S., 180 ; Reeves, F. W.,
512; Relton, F. E.,392; Riddell, H., 36,
139, 140, 292 ; Rigbv, W., 77, 78, 291, 392 ;

Mathematical Questions and Solu-
tions {continued) : —
Ross, C. M., 79, 139, 181, 216, 217, 292,
500, 427, 512: Sanj:lna, Prof., 35, 36,
77, 78, 140, 181, 257, 292, 428, 472, 512:
Sarkar, Prof., 292; Satvanai-ayana, M.,
139; Sergeant, E. P.. 139: Shovelton,
S. T., 330 ; Sih, Prof., 471 ; Sleigh, W. A.,
181,257,293,330; Seal. S. G., 140, 428, 472;
Solidus,140; Stuart, T., 78, 179, 427; S.vl-
vester. Prof., 329: Tate,J..328; Tavani,
F.,37; Taylor, H.M., 216; Ti-achtenberg,
H. L., 37, 471, 513: Varadarajan, D. P.,
139 ; Venkataraman, T. K.. 73, 141, 218,
330; Walker, J. J.. 181 ; WaUis, B. C,
73, 217, 255. 256. 257. 291, 472 ; Watson,
G. N., 78. 216, 256. 292, 330, 427 ; Wert-
heim. P., 256 ; Wolstenholme, Prof., 77 ;
Woodall, H. B, 139. 393, 471; Young-
man, C. E., 35, 36, 79, 139, 267, 291, 328,
428, 472, 473.

Mathematics, The Humanizing of. 275.

Mathematics, The Teaching of, 380.

Memories of a Girls' High School, 171.

Mouvement Feministe en Angleterre, 199.

Myres, Prof. ,on Anthropology and Political
Science, 448.

N.U.T. Annual Conference, 200.

New Public School, 418.

Notes, 12, 52, 110, 154, 194, 228, 268, 306,
364, 404, 442, 486.

Open Court — Budget of Controversies :
Dr. P. H. Hayward, 24. 67; Humanizing
of Mathematics : G. Spiller, 275.

Oxford and the Workers, 28.

Pious Benefactor, An Opportunity for, 322.

Play, Educational Value of, 168.

Practical Instruction in Elementary
Schools, 133.

Prizes, How to Distribute, 370.

Registration of Teachers Conference, 492.

Rigaud. G.. on " Les Anglais dans le Sud-
Ouest," 453.

Scholarships and Prizes, 22, 62, 124, 166,
204, 235, 280, 316, 374, 457, 500.

Science Teaching in Public Schools, 313.

Scientific Method in Study of Education,
70.

Spender, C. M., on Memories of a Girls'
High School, 171.

Spiller, G., on the Humanizing of Mathe-
matics, 275.

Strong, Prof,, on the Teaching of Latin,
132.

Summary of the Month, 14, 54, 112, 156,

196, 230. 270. 308, 366, 406, 444, 487.
Swedish Schools, Private Initiative in, 493.
Tallien, Madame, 283.

Teachers' Registration Council, 26, 173.
Thornton, J. S., on Swedish Schools, 493.
Tudor Education, Part II, 375.
Underwood, T. H. J., on Educational

Wastage, 463.
Universities and Colleges, 15, 57, 115, 158,

197, 231, 271, 308, 368, 408, 445, 488,
Waldstein, Prof., on Herculaneum, 311.
Watson, Prof. Foster ,on Tudor Education,

Part II, 375.
Winbolt, S. B., on the Pronunciation of

Greek, 132.
Women as Teachers, 201.

REVIEWS, NOTICES, &c.
Reviews.
Askwith's Conic Sections, 211.
Atkinson's History of Germany, 283.
Barbour's The Bruce (MacKenzie), 210.
Bateson's Mendel's Heredity, 420.
Bevan's Genesis of the Soul, 382,
B6cher's Integral Equations, 324.
Bromwicli's Infinite Series, 384,
Bryan and Pinkertou's Geometry of the

Conic, 284,
Burstall's American Education, 247.
Caine's My Story, 72.
Cambridge English Literature, Vol, III,

420.
Cambridge Modem History, Vol, II, 174.
Clerigh's History of Ireland. 29.
Colet, John, Life of ( Lupton) , 323.
De Garmo's Secondary Education, 71.
Hardy's Pure Mathematics, 465.
Hayward's Primary Curriculum, 133.
Hilton's Theory of Groups, 421.
Jackson and Roberts' First Dynamics, 503,
Johnstone's Life in the Sea, 29,
Leadam's England — Queen Anne to

George II, 384.
MacColl's Man's Origin. 174.

McMurray's Special Method in Arithmetic,

134.
Mathews' Algebraic Equations, 324.
Moncrieft's Heart of Scotland, 210.
Political History of England, Vol. IX, 384.
Risk's America at College, 247.
Scott's Analytical Conies, 234.
Spiller's Moral Instruction, 248.
•rucker's Natural History of Language,

464.
Welton and Blandford's Moral Training,

502.
White's Mathematical Scrap Book, 72.
Wilson's An Empire in Pawn, 323.
Woods and Bailey's Mathematics, Vol. I,

248.

Genekal Notices.
Aeschylus in Verse (Way), Part III, 30.
Alfred's Proverbs (Skeat), 250.
Allen's Building Construction, 325.
Arabian Nights (Constable). 32.
Aristophanes' Acharnians {Rennie), 385.
Aristophanes' Knights (Neil). 211.
Aristotle's Ethics, Bk. VI (Greenwood),

248.
Aristotle's Rhetoric (Jebb and Sandys),

248.
x\rnold's Basis Lat'na, Part 1, 175.
Arnold's English Texts. 386.
Arnold's First Friends in Litemture, 286.
Arnold's Merope (Collins) , 286.
Arnold's Reports (Marvin), 326.
Arnold and Marshall's Nursery Rh,ymes,

214.
Audrey's Awakening, 506.
Baden- Powell's Calculator, 75, 390.
Bailey and Coleman's Biology, 74.
Baillv's The Divine MinstVels (Barnes),

466".
Baker and Bourne's Mensuration, 285.
Ballads of Famous Fights, 508.
Balzac's M^decin de Campagne (Payen-

Payne),135.
Barnard and Child's New Algebra, Vol. I,

465.
Barnard and Child's New Geometry, 74.
Battifol's Marie de M^dicis (King and

Davis) , 32.
Bans' Lo Positive (Harry and Salvio), 31.
Bausor's Inorganic Chemistry. 466.
Beaumont and Fletcher's Works (Waller),

Vols. V and VI, 31.
Beith's Stuart Period, 504.
Bell's Literature Readers, 286.
Beresford's Text-book of Esperanto, 285.
Bergen's Essentials of Botany, 212.
Berry's Professions for Girls, 423.
Bevan's The Education Question, 250.
Bible, The Authorized Version (Wright),

212.
Binn's Century of Education, 390.
Binns and Marsden's Woodwork, 467.
Bird Book, 508.

Black's Coloured Wall Pictures, 288.
Black's Maps of Old London, 386.
Blackie's Children's Annual, 510; Red

I,etter Library, 510 ; Stories to be Read,

214.
Book of Wild Things, 508.
Bo- Peep, 510.

Borchardt's Elementary Statics, 325.
Boy's Book of Battleships, 508.
Brackenbury's Bookkeeping, 136.
Breul's Teaching of Foreign Languages,

235.
Bridge's From Island to Empire, 423.
Bridgett's Experimental Trigonometry,

135.
Bridgett and Hyslop's Trigonometry, 135.
Brightwen, Eliza (Chesson) , 424.
Britannic Historical Geography, 135.
British Museum Greek and Roman Lite,

175.
Brown's Guide to Librarianship, 390.
Brown's Modern Education, 467.
BrnwTiinir's Strafford (George), 422,
l!n(lL-cl, 'nic. 390.

lliiiL-.^s^ 'I'll.' Organ, 467.

Buller > Cluiiacters (Waller), 31.

Butler's Ten Great and Good Men, 490.

Caesar's Gallic War ( Holmes) , 249.

Call of the Homeland, 31.

Cambridge Bible — 'Wisdom of Solomon

(Gregg), 250.
Cambridge Bible for Schools— Kings, 326 ;

Estln

,326.

Cambridge Engli.sh Classics, 31.
Cambridge Greek Testament — Colossians

326.
Cambridge Literature for Schools, 386.
Cambriole, 135.

IV

INDEX.

Canipbell's Modern Electrical Theory, 30.
Cassell's Encyclopa'dic Dictionary. 136 ;

German Dictionary. 466 ; People's Lib-
ran', 422: The King's Empire, 178;

Wo'rld's Great Pictures, 178.
Castle's Arithmetic and Mensuration, 421.
Catchpool's Text-book of Sound, 212.
Caver s Botany for Matriculation, 285.
Century Bible — Deuteronomv,75 ; Exodus,

423 ; 'Isaiah, •\'ol. II, 423 ; Proverbs, 75.
Century Bible Handbook. 388.
Ceppi's French Lessons, 466.
Chambers's Narrative Readers,214 ; Stand-
ard Author Readers, 214.
Chaucer's Prologue, &c. (Slather), 286.
Children's Fairv Book, 214.
Chillagoe Charlie, 468.
Chisholm's Commercial Geography, 135.
Chitty's Things seen in China, 34.
Christabel in France, 508.
Cicero de Finibus ( Hutchinson) , 175.
Cicero's Philippics (King), 30.
Cinq Langues, 252.
City of London Directory. 1909, 252.
Classical Association Proceedings, 212.
Clough and Dunstan's Elementary Science,

325.
Cohu's Gospels and Modern Research, 466.
Conquest of Claudia, 506.
Cooper and Westell's British Trees, 136.
Country Home, 32.
Coverley Papers (Myers), 286.
Crabtree's Theory of Spinning Tops, 249.
Crees's Claudian, 286.
Crew's Principles of Mechanics, 74.
Cross's Choosing a Career, 423.
Cruise of the Thetis, 504.
Dante, Lectures on (Pei ini). 466.
Davidson's Told Simply, 214.
Davison's Algebra, 324.
Dent's Language Sheets, 288; Scientific

Primers, 285.
Dick Ti-awle, 505.
Dickens, The Children's, 508.
Dickinson and Andrews's Orogl-aphical

Map of Europe, 288.
Dicksee's A B C of Bookkeeping, 136.
Dobbs's Elementarv Mechanics, 74.
DoUikin Dutch, 508.

Donald's Historical Drawing Cards, 135.
Driault's Histoire de la Nation Francaise,

503.
Dryden, Selections from (Hadow), 286.
Du'mmelow's Commentary on the Bible,

250.
Early American Writers (Cairns), 325.
Eastwood and Lightfoot's Arithmetic, 135.
Edgar's Treasury of Verse, 32.
Edmunds and Spooner's Readings in

English Literature, 286.
Elliot's Botany of To-day, 468.
Elton's Modern Studies, 31,
Empire Annual for Boys, 510.
Empire Annual for Girls, 510.
Engineering Wonders of the World, 212.
Epicure Director.v, 178.
Faery Queen and her Knights, 506.
Failure of a Hero, 468.
Pair Haven, 470.
Fairies' Fountain, 470.
Farm Babies, 508.
Fenton's Chemistry, Part I, 386.
Fieldhouse's Commercial Bookkeeping,

136.
Filon's Projective Geometry, 465.
Fingerpost, The, 424.
First Friends in Literature, 286.
Five Little Peppers Midway, 470.
Fleming's Common-sense Needlework,

326.
Fletcher's Historical Portraits, 178.
Fletcher's History of England, Vols, III

and IV, 325,
Fletcher's Poetical Works (Boas), 249.
Florian's German Oral Teaching, 325.
Ford of H.M.S. Vigilant, 505.
Foster's Editor's Chair, 504.
Franks' Esperanto, 285.
Frobenius" Childhood of Man (Keane), 34.
Frog who would a-wooing go (Blackie),

508.
Fursdon's French and English Parallels,

285.
Garrett's Periodic Law, 466.
Ga-scoigne's Works (Cunlille), Vol. I. 31.
Gateway to Romance, 505.
Gibson's Biology, 285.
Gibson's Romance of Manufacture, 468.
Gilliat's Heroes of Modern India, 468.
Gillies and Cumming's Empire Latin, 465.
Girl who wouldn't make Friends, 508.
Girls' School Yearbook, 326,
Gladstone's Manual of Harmony, 467.
Godfrev's Elementary Chemistry, 466.
Godfrey and Siddon's Modern Geometry,

386.
Godley's Aspects of Modern Oxford, 470.
Gore's Astronomical Curiosities. 468.
Goven's Advanced Arilhiiietic, 324.
Grace's Tales from Spenser, 32.
Green's Bolany, 285.
Gregory's Geography, 250.

Grimm's Tales (Frowde), 508 ; (Blackie),

508.
Gutierrez' El Trovador (Vaughan), 31.
Hachette's Gift Books, 32.
Hakluyt's Elizabethan Seamen (Payne),

286.
Hiikluvfs Vovagesof Drake (Payne), 422.
Halls Vciini: Kngineer, 74.
Hall :iiul st.-vins's School Arithmetic, 30.
Hapi'v Honk. 508.

Hardie's Latin Prose Composition, 30.
Harding's Lurk, 506.
Hardwick's Old Testament History. 466.
Harris's Harmonizing Melodies, Book II,

467.
Harry Escorabe, 505.

Hartley's Stories from Greek Legends, 465.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, 135.
Hawthorne's Wonder Book, &c. (Unwin),

470
Hazell's Annual, 32.
Healey's First Book of Botany, 422.
Ht'bei-t's French Pronunciation. 325.
Hebrew Prophets (Woods and Powell),

Vol. 1,136.
Heineiiiann's Every Child's Library. 214.
Helps's Poetry for Upper Classes, 32.
Henderson's Jamaica, 510.
Herbert Strang's Annual, 510.
Herbert Strang's Library, 508.
Hero of Sedan, 504.
Hidden Nugget, 505.
Hobson's The Daisy, 508.
Holidays Abroad, 327,
Holland's Development of the European

Nations, 32.
Homer's Iliad, Books IX and X(Blakeney),

Hoi'ace's Satires, Book II (Gow) , 465.

How they went to the Seaside, 608.

Howden's Locomotives, 506,

Hvrst's Arctic Regions, 468.

In Days of Danger, 504.

In the New Forest, 504.

International Art Congress Transactions,
136.

Irish Fairy Book, 506.

Islanders, 605.

Jerrold's Highways and Byways in Mid-
dlesex, 468.

Joerg's Modern German Reader, 503.

John Bargre.ave's Gold, 505.

Johnson's Age of the Enlightened Despot,
250.

Johnston's (R.) Scholars' Atlas, 388.

Jones's Modern Arithmetic, Parts I and
II, 212.

Jones's Practical Physics, 325.

Jones's Primer of Ethics, 467.

Jones and Blomfield's Mathematics, 74.

King Arthur, The Children's, 508,

King's Classics, 249.

Kingsley's Water Babies (Horace-Smith),
286.

Kingsley's Water Babies (Blackie), 506.

Kingsley's Westward Ho ! (limes), 286,

Kinsman and Namesake, 504.

Knight's Elementary Geometry, 386.

Knight's Over-Sea Britain, 176.

Kriiger's The Papacy (Batchelor and
Miles). 423.

Lads of the Light Division, 504.

King's Fair.v Books. Stories from. 505.

Lang's Gateway to Shakespeare, 32.

Lang's Red Book of Heroes, 468.

Lankester's Extinct Animals, 468.

Larken's Leisure Hours with Nature, 468.

Laurel-Crowned Letters, 422.

Leathems Symmetrical Optical Instru-
ment, 421.

T.eighton's Intermediate Geometry, 325.

Leo of Mediolanum, 468.

Lester's Public School Chemistry, 285.

I^tts's Diaries, 504.

Lightfoot's Theory of Music. 178.

Linacre, Thomas (Osier), 424.

Little French People, 508.

Lloyd's Uganda to Khartoum, 250.

Lock's Stiidv of Variation. 386.

Lodge s Knti of the Middle Ages, 250.

l.onL'l.n.iw's Hiawatha (Hamip), 286.

I.nii-niiuis' Finrv Books, 505.

Liu y |-liishM|iirs Fairy Book, 214.

Lvdon's Preliminary Geometry, 249.

McDougall's Girls' Arilhmetic, Book I
249.

McDougaU's Social Psychology, 466.

Mackav and Curtis's French Books Hand-
book' 285.

Maclean's School Law, 326.

Maciiiillan's Bov's Book of Poetry, 32;
KiiL'hsli iliissic-s, 422; French Rapid

K.ihlinL- S, U.S. 285.
M:iJ;iiii \\..n- . 508.
Mnikss i:riirli~li I'iistoral Drama, 176.
Marquis's Heir, 468.
Marriage of Jabcz Alford, 508.
Marshall's True Tales for my Children, 214,
Martial's Epigrams (Bridge and Clarke).73.
Martin's Examples in Arithmetic, Part 11,
212.

Mason's Book of British Ships, 6C6,

Maviiadier's The .\rthur of the Poets, 176.

Miivor s R.-;i(lings from the Psalms, 75.

Metliiu-us SiMiphfled German Texts, 250.

Jll.ldv and Knsign, 505.

Jlighty Hunters. 505.

Miller's Sermons, First Series, 327.

Mistress Nanciebel, 506.

Mitton's Book of the Railway, 506,

Monkhouse's Practical Precis Book, 136.

Monteverde's Spanish Technical Terms,
285.

More's Utopia (Rusk), 386.

Murray's Differential and Integral Cal-
culus, 503.

Myers' Jewish People, Vol. I, 423.

Nathalie's Sister, 508.

National Society's Depository's Tales, 470.

National Songs Wall Sheets, 288.

Navy League Annual, 504.

Neil s British Mineials, 249.

New Line upon Line, 510.

Newcastle-on-Tyne Education Catalogue,
326.

Newell's Inorganic Chemistry, 422.

Nicest Girl in School. 506.

Northumbrian in Arms, 504,

Norwell's Applied Mechanics, 285.

Notes of Lessons on History, 503.

Old Man's Beard, 508.

Open Road Library, 214.

Orpheus with his Lute, 510.

Osgood's Differential and Integral Cal-
culus. 284.

Our Sons and their Start in Life. 424.

Oxford Books for Children, 508; Hymn
Book, 136; Story Readers, 214.

Palm Tree Island, 505.

Park's Educational Woodworking, 326.

Parker's Highways and Byways in Surrey,
34.

Paton's List of Schools and Tutors, 390.

Peaker's Citizenship, 390.

Pensamiento Infantil— Sexta Parte, 503.

Pereda's Pedro Sanchez (Bassett). 30.

Peron's English Educational Legislation,
326,

Philips' British Empire Globe, 388; Com-
parative Maps, 288 ; Comparative Outline
Maps, 388; County Council Atlas, 388;
Diagram Hand Atlas, 388 ; Geographical
Pictures, 288 ; Graphic Globe, 75 ; Polar
Regions, 386; Self- Rolling System, 288 ;
The World, 386,

Philips' Romance of Modern Chemistry,
506.

Photographic Annual, 467.

Pierce the Ploughman's Creed (Skeat). 250.

Pierpoint's Elements of Geometry, Parts
I and II, 212.

Pitman's Shorthand Yearbook, 504.

Poincar6's Electricity, 30.

Pollard's The British Empire, 176.

Pope's Rape of the Lock ( Holden) , 286.

Potter's Concurrent Geometry, Part 1, 176 ;
Parts I and II, 465.

Public Schools Y'earbook, 1909, 178.

Quest of the Blue Rose, 506.

Raflety's and Sharp's The Nation's Income,

Rainbow Book, 470, 508.
liambles through Normandy. 327.
Rjmke's Latin and Teutonic Nations

(Dennis), 286.
Rankine's School Gardening, 326.
Ravenhill's Food-Values Diagrams, 388.
Reich's Atlas Antiquus, 284.
Reid's Manual of Moial Instruction, 423.
Remy's Spanish Composition, 31.
Reuben the Fisherman, 470,
Richmond's Co-education Pamphlets, 326.
Rita la Gitane (Charlieu), 32.
Rival Treasure Hunters, 505.
Riverside Literature Si-ries, 286.
Roberts's True Stories from History, 508.
Robinson and Beard's Modern Europe, 74.
Robinson Crusoe (Frowde), 510.
Rosebud, The, 470,
Ross's Elementary Algebra, 503,
Rotron's Saint Genest (Crane), 250.
Round the Clock, 508.
Roval Road, 468.
S;inil«i, 505.

Siinds' Client Princes of Rome, 286.
Sam-ster's Happy School Days, 506.
Saturday's Children, 506,
School across the Road, 506.
School Hygiene Congress Transactions,

178.
Schoolmasters Yearbook, 1909, 178.
Secret of the Sargasso, 468.
Seignobos' Contemporary Civilization, 326.
S,ij.-,H,l«,s' Media-val Civilization, 326.

S. :'!. ■ - :,lnl SrOUtS, 505.

s chambers), 423.

s I . Meiklejohn's Series), 423.

^Ii.h. -1 . 11. Iliissics (Gollancz), 325.
Sliak,s],.arH, The Children's, 508.
Shakespeare, The School (Houghton), 422.

Shakespeare's Hamlet (Crook), 422;

(Goggin).422.
Shakespeare's King Lear (Frost), 422.
Shakespeare'sMerchantof Venice(Gcggin).

422; (Oxford), 423.
Shakespeare's Sonnets (Walsh), 212.
Shakespeare's Tempest (AA'eekes), 422.
Shakespeare's Winter's Tale (Hudson),

422.
Sharp's Folk Songs from Somerset, Fifth

Series, 178.
Shaw's Air Currents, 212.
Sheaves of Gold, 508.
Shepperton Slanor, 468.
Siepmann's Primary French Course, Part

111,325.
Silver Lattice, 510.
Six Ages of European History, 250.
Six Girls, 34.

Smith's Nature Poetry Book, 214.
Smoking Chart . 388.

Sophocles' Electi-d (Jebb and Davies). 465.
Speight and Nance's Britain's Sea Storv,

506.
Sport and Athletics in 1908, 32.
Squirrel Hall, 508.
Stackhouse's Relief Map of Ingleborough,

388.
Statius' Silvae (Slater). 211.
Step's By the Deep Sea, 468.
Stewart's Sheaf Catalogue, 390.
Stewart and Clarke's Book Select imi, MO.
Stickphast Cement , 136.
Story of the Little Merman, 506.
Susanna and Sue. 508.
Swift and Sure, 505.
Swiss Family Robinson (Blackie), 508.
Synge's Social Life in England, 75,
Tacitus' Annals, Books XI-XVI(Ramsay),

284.
Talbot's Arithmetic of Commerce, 249.
Tales and Talks for Nursery Land, 508.
Taylor's Colour-sense Training, 326.
Technical and Art Schools and Colleges,

178.
Temple Continuous Readers, 214.
Terence's Comedies (Ashmore) , 73.
Thackeray's Grammar of the Old Testa-
ment, 284,
Thackeray's Rose and the Ring (Chatto),

470.
Thomas k Kempis (Chatto & Windus), 136.
Thomas and Harvey's German Reader, 30.
Thomas's German Literature, 250.
Thomson's History of England, Part VII,

Thonison's Poems for Junior Schools, 214.

Thouaille's Colloquial French, Second
Course, 30.

Three Girls in Mexico, 506.

Through the Heart of Tibet, 505.

Tildetf s Chemistry, 285.

Told through the Ages Series, 214.

Told to the Children, 214.

Tourist Guide to the Continent, 252.

Trades for London Girls, 423.

Trefle Rouge. 135.

Treleaven's Mechanical Drawing, 422.

Trought's Correlated Arithmetic, Books
III and IV, 285.

Tucker's Foreign Debt of English Litera-
ture, 325.

Tumbull's Elementary Algebra, 422.

Turner's Aerial Naviiration, 506.

Turner's Graphics, 176.

Unwin >l I i: S,.ries, 32; Series of

Bi...k II. 32.

Vecehi'i ^ I h,^:.-.. Iijiparato da .Se. 325.

Vignv's Chatlcrtou ( i jiuvriere) , 135.

Voueiir. I.e, 136.

Voyage of the Sesame, 505.

Wall Pictures of Farm Animals, 288.

Walters and Conway's Linien, 385.

Ward's Familiar Plants, 34,

Watson's Grammar Schools to 1660, 388.

Westlake's Constructions in Geometry, 30.

When Kill. «:isy.iinis, 508.

Whcth:inis III rifii I'hvsical Science, 38b.

Who's w li.i, r'. ', 130. ■

Who's W h.. 'i..,Mli.H.k, 1909,136.

Wilkinson's Piano Solos, First Series, 467.

William the Conqueror (Stenton), 135.

Williams's Victories of the Engineer, 34.

Winims's Introduction to Psycliology, 467.

Wood's " The Dwellers " Series, 214.

WooUatt's Laboratory Arts, 467.

Workman and Cracknell's Geometry,

Part II, 74.
Worthington's Polyglot Phrases, 2^.
Writers' and Artists' Yearbook, 1909, 136.
Year's Work in Classical Studies, 74
Yonge's Book of Golden Deeds (Nelson),

508.
Yonge's Little Duke (Frowde), 508,
Y'oung Mrs. Harris, 508,

First Glances. 34. 76, 138, 178, 215, 252,
288, 327, 390, 424, 470.

ED

0;V. '^^X THE

NAL

:1>oiirnal of tijr ColUgf of ^rffcptori^.

Vol. LXII.] Nevr Series, No. 573. . JANUARY 1, 1909.

I PnUhhed Movfhhj, price, to Non-
"■ ii/yfra. 6f/. ; by Piist, Id.
ription. Is.

I .4ii,ni,il Suhsc

0

OLLEGB OF PRECEPTORS.

(INCORPORATED BY ROTAL CHARTER.)

i

GENERAL MEETING.

The Half-Yearly General Meeting of the Members of
the Ctorpoiution will be held, at the College, Bloomsbury
Square, W.C, on Saturday, the 23rd of January, 1909,
at 3 p.m.

MEMBERS' DINNER.

The Members' Dinner will take place at the
Hotel Cecil, Strand, W.C, on Saturday, the 23rd of
.Fanuary, at 6.30 p.m. Tickets (not including wine),
6s. each. Members who intend to be present are re-
([uest«d to send early notice to the Secretary. Mem-
bers may obtain tickets for their friends.

LECTURES FOR TEACHERS.

The First Course of Lectures (Thirty-seventh Annual
Series), by Prof. J. Adams, M.A., B.Sc, F.C.P., on
" The Psychological Bases of Teaching and Educa-
tion," will commence on Thursday, February 4th. at
7 p.m.

The purpose of the Course is to give teachers an
opportunity to study at first hand the principles that
underlie the practice of their profession. The lecturer
will treat his subject in such a way as to fit in with the
requirements of the College in connexion with the ex-
aminations for the Associateship, the Licentiateship,
and the Fellowship ; but his main purpose will be to
present the matter in such a way as to make it of practi-
cal service to the teacher. The reading of the students
MTill be guided, and problems set for their exercise. All
the illustrations iu the lectures will be drawn from
.ictual experience in the schoolroom, and will includ
the results of current experimental methods. The Fee
for the Course is Half-a-Guinea. The Lectures will be
delivered on Thursday Evenings at 7 o'clock, at the
College, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. For Splhibus, se
paffe 6.

EXAMINATIONS.

Diploma.s — The next Examination of Teachers fo:
the Diplonms ot the College will commence on \\u
30th ot Angnst, 1909.

Practical Examination for Certificates of
Ability to Teach. -The next Practical Examina-
tion will be iieW IU February, 1909.

Certificate Examinations.— The Midsummer
Examination tor Certificates will commence on the
.!9th of June, 1909.

Lower Forms Examinations.- The Midsum-
mer Examination will commence on the 29th uf June,
1909.

Professional PreliminaryExaminations. -
The.se Examinations are held in March and September.
The SprinK Examination in 1909 will commence on the
2nd of March.

Inspection and Examination of Schools.
—Inspectors aiui Examiners are appointed by the
College for the Inspection and Examination of Public
and Private Schools.

The Regulations for the above Examinations can be
obtained on application to the Secretary.

C. R. HODGSON, B.A., Secretary.
Bloomsbury Square, W.C.

u

NIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS.

L.L.A. DIPLOMA FOR WOMEN.

The attention of Candidates is drawn to the Ordinary
and Honours Diplomas for Teachers, which are strongly
recommended as suitable for those who are or intend to
be teachers.

Examinations are held at Aberdeen, Birmingham,
Blackburn, Brighton. Bristol, Cardiff. Croydon, Devon-
port, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull, Inverness, Leeds,
Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Norwich, Nottingham. Oxford, St. Andrews, Sheffield,
Swansea, and several othei towns.

information regarding the Examinations may be ob-
tained from the Sbcretary, L. L. A. Scheme, The
University. St. Andrews.

UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS.

UNIVERSITY HALL.

Warden :
Miss FRANCES H. MELVILLE, M.A.

UNIVERSITY HALL, for Women
students, was opened in 1896. under the govern-
ment of the University of St. Andrews.

The usual Course of Study at University Hall is in
preparation for the Degree Examinations of the Uni-
versity of St. Andrews, of which all the Classes and
Degrees in Arts, Divinity, Science, and Medicine are
open to women on the same terms as to men.

The Sessions of Residence are the two University
Sessions, viz. the Winter Session, October to March
the Summer Session (Optional), April to June.

University Hall fees for residence— Winter Session
£30-£50 ; Summer Session, £15-£25.

Matriculation and Class Fees average £10 for the
Winter Session.

For further information, applv to the Warde
University Hall. St. Andrews. Fife.

Biploma Correspondence
Colleae, Xtt).

Principal— 3. W, Knife, L.C.P., F.R.S.L.
Vice-Principal— S. H. Hooke, b.A., Hons. Lond.

Specially arranged Courses for

LONDON MATRICULATION,

B.A., B.D., B.Sc,

A.C.P., L.C.P., &c.

FREE GUIDES

on application to the t>ECKETART.

WOLSEY HALL, OXFORD.

G

HURCH EDUCATION Cor-
poration.

GHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.

Training College for Women Secondary Teachers.
Principal — Miss Catherine I. Dodd, M.A. (late
Lecturer in Education in the Manchester University).

NOTICE.—" THE EDUCATIONAL
TIMES "for Pebraary will contain the GLASS
LIST.S OF CANDIDATES who have passed at the recent
CHRISTMAS E.\.AMINATIONS of the College of Pre.
ceptors.

The Volume for 1908 is now read.y, price 7s. 6d. Gasea.
for binding the Volume may also be had, price Is. 6d. ;
by post. Is. 8d.

Students are prepared for the Oxford, the Cambridge
and the London Teacher's Diploma. Special arrange-
ments made for Students to attend the School of Geo-
g aphy.

Two Scholarships of £40 each are offered students

ith a. degree entering Cherwell Hall in January 1909.

Kxhihitious and Scholarships awarded in December
and July.— Apply to the Pkincipal.

( ONDON COLLEGE OF MUSIC.

L> (Incorporated.)

Great Marlborough Strbbt, London, W.,

Patron: His Grace the Duke op Leeds.

Dr. F.J. Karn. Muh. Bac. Cantab., Principal.

G. Augustus Holmes. Esq.. Director of Examinations.

EXAAIINATIONS. 1909.

The NEXT EXAMINATION in PIANOFORTE
PLAYING, SINGING, THEORY, and all branches

of Music will be held in London and 400 Provincial
Centres m April, when Certificates will be granted
to all snccessful candidates.

The Higher Exammations for the Diplomas of Asso-
ciate (A.L.C.M.), Licentiate (L.L. CM.), the Teachers'
Diploma, L.C.M., and Fellowship (P. L. CM.) take place
in July (Juxe for Scotland and Ireland) and Decem-
ber.

Gold and Silver Medals and Book Prizes are offered
for competition according to the ReKiilatlons.

Local School Centres.— Full particulars with refer-
ence to the formation of these Centres will be forwarded
to Principals of Schools upon application.

SYLLABUS for 1909, together with Annual Report,
is now ready, and may be had of the Secretart.

In the Educational Department students are received
and thoroughly trained under the best Professors at
moderate fees. The CoUeife is open 10 a.m to 9.30 p.m.

A COURSE of TRAINING in Pianoforte and Singing
for Teachers is h^-ld at the College.

VACATION LESSONS for Teachers and others are
given at Easter, .Auffu-^t. and Christmas.

T. WEEKES HOLMES, Secretary.

LONDON UNIVERSITY

EXAMINATIONS.

DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS,
MORE THAN

TEN THOUSAND

(UnitjerBttj Correeponbence

HAVE PASSED

LONDON UNIVERSITY

EXAMINATIONS.

FREE GUIDE

To Matriculation, and Guides to the
Higher Examinations of London Uni-
versity, post free from The Skcretart, Bur-
lington House, Cambridge; or from the London
Oltice of University Correspondence College,
32 Red Lion Square, Holborn, AV.C

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

IHE

ASSOCIATED BOARD

OF THB R.A.M. AND R.C.M.
FOE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS IN MUSIC.

Patron : His Majesty the Kino.
President: H.R.H. the Prince op Wales, K.G.

LOCAL CENTRE EXAMINATIONS (Syllabus A).
Examinations in Theory at all Centres in March and
November; in Practical Subjects at all Centres in
March-April, and in the London District and certain
Provincial Centres in November-December also. En-
tries for the March-April Examinations close Wednes-
day, February 10th, 1909.

SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS (Syllabus B).
Held three times a year, viz.. March-April, June-
July, and October-November. Entries for the March-
April Examinations close Wednesday, February 3rd,
1909.

Specimen Theory Papers set in past years ( Local Centre
or School) can be obtained on application. Price 3d.
per set, per year, post free.

Syllabuses A and B, entry forms, and any further
information will be sent post free on application to—
JAMES MTIR, Secretary.

15 Bedford Square, London, W.C.
Telegrams: "Associa, London."

KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON.
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.)
DEPARTMENT FOR TRAINING TEACHERS FOR
SECONDARY SCHOOLS.
Theory, Practice, and History of Education :
J. W. Adamson, B.A., Professor of Education (Head of
the Department).
Ethics:
Rev. A. Caldecott, D.Lit., D.D., Professor of Mental
and Moral Philosophy.

The Course, which includes pi-actical work in Secondary
Schools, extends over one academical year, beginning in
October or January- It is suitable for those who are
preparing to take the Teacher's Diploma, University of
London, or the Certificate of the Teachers' Training
Sradicate, University of Cambridge.

'The fee is £20 for the .year, if paid in advance, or
8 guineas per term (three terms in the year).

Application should be made to Prof. Adamson, King's
College, Strand, W.C.

K

ING'S COLLEGE, LONDON.

(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.)
EVENING CLASS DEPARTMENT.

Courses are arranged for the Intermediate and Final
Examinations for the B.A. and B.Sc. Degrees of the
University of London. Students taking the full Course
pay Composition Fees and rank as Internal Students of
the University. . ,

EVENING CLASSES are also held for Mechanical
and Electrical Engineering, Architecture and Building
Construction, Drawing, Mathematics, Physics, and all
Science Subjects.

For full information and Prospectus apply to the Dean
(Mr. R. W. K. Edwards! or to the Secretary, King'
College, Strand, London, W.C.

K

ING'S COLLEGE, LONDON.

EVENINC; CLASSES FOR THE LONDON UNIVER-
SITY MATRICULATION AND PROFESSIONAL
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS.
Individual Tuition in all subjects required for the
Examinations. Fee for Half-yearly Course £3 3s.
Students may join at any time at proportional fees.

Apply til the Secretary, King's College, Strand,
W.C.

BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR
WOMEN
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON),
York Place, Baker Street, London, W.
Principal— ^Vks M. J. TCKE, M.A.

The Lent Term begins Thursday, J.anuary 141h.
Lectures aie given in preparation for all examinations
of the University of London in Arts, Science and
Preliminary Medicine, for the Teacher's Diploma,
London, the Teacher's Certificate, Cambridge, and for
the Cambridge Higher Local Examination.

There is a special course of Scientific Instruction in
Hygiene.

Six Laboratories are open to students for practical
work.

Students may attend the Art School who are not
taking other subjects at the College.

A single course in any subject may be attended.

Regular Physical Instruction is given free of cost to
students who desire it by a fully qualified woman
teacher.

Students can reside in the College.

Full particulars on application to the Principal.
TRAINING DEPARTMENT FOR SECONDARY

TEACHERS.
Head of the Department .—Miss Mary Morton, M.A.

Students are .admitted to the Training College in
October and January.

Entrance Scholarships.

Applications should be sent to the Head of the
Department.

THE CAMBRIDGE TRAINING
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN.
Principal— W\ssM. H. Wood, M.A., Lit.D.,
Girton College, Cambridge Classical Tripos.
A residential College providing a year's professional
training for Secondary Teachers.

Preparation for the London and the Cambridge
Teachers' Diploma. Ample opportunity for practice
in teaching science, languages, mathematics, and other
subjects. Fees £65 to dlb. Admissions in January and
September.

For piirticulars apply— The Princital, Training
College, Cambridge.

MARIA GREY TRAILING COL-
LEGE FOR WOMEX TEACHERS.

Students are prepared for the London and Cambridge
Teachers' Diplomas and the Higher Certificate of the
National Froebel Union.

SCHOLARSHIPS of from £15 to £25 offered to
Gniduutes in January. 1909. For further particulars as
to jVIiddlesex Scholarships, Hall of Residence, &c., apply
to the Principal, ^liss Alice "Woods, at the College,
Salushury Road, Brondesbury, London, N.W.

QT. GEORGE'S TRAINING

O COLLEGE FOR WOMEN TE.VCHERS IN

INTERMEDIATE AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS,

EDINBURGH.

This College provides a year's Professional Training
for educated women who intend to Teach.

The Course is supervised by the Edinburgh Provincial
Committee for the Training of Teachers and is recog-
nized b.v the Scotch Education Department and by the
Cambridge Teachers' Training Syndicate.

Prospectus and further particulars from the Principal,
Miss M. R. Walker, 5 Melville Street, Edinburgh.

THE INCORPORATED

FROEBEL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE,

TALOABTH ROAD, WEST KENSINGTON, LONDON, 'W.

Chairman of the Committee— Sir W. Mather, LL.D.

Treasurer— Mr. C. G. Montefiore, M.A.

Secretary— Mr, Arthur G. Symonds, M.A.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

p R E I G H T O N MEMORIAL

V.'' LECTURESHIP, founded in memory of the late
Dr. Mandell Creigiiton, Bishop of London.

THE CREI6HT0N MEMORIAL LECTURE
for the year 1908-9 will be delivered at King's College,
Strand,"W.C.,on Tuesdav, January 19th, 1909, at 5 p.m.,
by Dr. G. W. Protmero. l.itt.D.. LL.D., M.A., F.B.A.,
Hon. Fellow of Kini:\ 1 'nll.-L-i-. I ■aiiibridge.
Subject; "THE ARRIV.AL OF NAPOLEON III."

Adli

fre

Crown 8vo, 348 pages, price 3s. 6d.

SCHILLINGS SPANISH GRA]\I-
MAR. Translated and edited by Frederick
Zagel.
Fkancis Hodgson, 89 Farringdon Street, London, E.C.

TRAINING OOLIjBGB FOR TEACHERS.

Principal— M\:is E. Lawrence.
KINDERGARTEN AND SCHOOIj.

Head Mistress— Miss A. Yelland.

The

Tutorial Institute,

39 BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON.

Most successful preparation by Correspondence for
L.C.P. and A.C P. Education Diplomas of Cimbridpe
and London Vniversities. J^iplotna Guide Fret-.

B.A. and B.8c., IntermediatefArtsand Science),
Matriculation for all Universities. Guide Free.

Higher Locals and Froebel Examinations
New Fra4^tical Guides now readi/.

ORAL CLASSES for L.L.A,, Froebel* Matric,
Evenings and Saturdays. Moderate Fees.

Principal-J. F. EWEN. M.A.,

Honours in Mathematics and Physics.

Lecturers and Tutors—
J. W. HoRROCKS, D.Lit., M.A. London,

Fellow of the Royal Historical Society
R. J. Dallas, M.A. t ambndge, Wrangler,

late Scholar King's College, Cambridge.
R. B. Lee, B.A., B.Sc. London.
V. Stranders, M.A. London, Honours.
P. Duffy, B.A. Classical Honours.
"\V. Clare, A.B.C.S.. Natioual Scholar in Biology.
H. W. Mayo. B.A.. B.Sc, L.C.P. Prizeman. "
S. Kahlesberg. Ph.D. Leipzig University.
A. Fitzpatne, Higher Froebel Certificate, &c.

FiiU information on onij Exnin. hy return.

BIRKBECK COLLEGE.

Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
DAY AND EVENING CLASSES.

Principal— G. Armitage-Smith, D.Lit., M.A.

The College provides approved courses of Instruction
for the Degrees of the University of London in the
Faculties of Arts, Science, Economics, Laws, under
Recognized Teachers of the University.

Well appointed Laboratories. Facilities for research.

New Session commenced on Monday, 2Sth September.

Full particulars on application to

H. AVells Eames, Secretary.

JOINT AGENCY FOR WOMEN TEACHERS,

74 GowER Street, Lonmun, AV.C.

(Under the iii:in:iiniiii'iit of a Committee appointed by
the Teacli.i.s (;iiiM. College of Preceptors, Head
Mistresses' .\--s'k-i:i1 mn. Association of Assistant
Mistresses, jiml Wilsli County Schools Association.)

THIS Agency has been established for
tlie purpose of enabling Teachers to find work
without unnecessary cost. All fees have therefore
been calculated on the lowest basis to cover the
working expenses.

?Co Registration Fees are charged to members of tlie
above Associations, and their Commissions are reduced.

Hours for Interviews :

11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and 3 to 5 p.m. :
Saturdays, 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and 2 to 3 p.m.
When possible, special appointments should be ar-
'^^^ ■ Reoistra)%U\^s ALICE M. FOUNTAIN.

Students are trained for the Examinations of the
National Froebel Union and other Examinations.

TWO SCHOLARSHIPS of £20 each, and two of £15
each, tenable for two years at the Institute, are offered
annually to Women Students who have passed certain
recognized Examinations.

Prospectuses can be obtained from the Prtncipax.

DENMARK HILL PHYSICAL
TR.\INISG COLT.EGE FOR LADY TEACH-
ERS, LO.N'DOX, S.E.
Full preparation for Public Examinations.
British College of Physical Education : EngUsh and
Swedish systems. Massage and Remedial Work,
Board of Education : Science.
Swimming and Sports.

Schools supplied with fullyqualifled Sports Mistresses

For particulars apply— Miss E. Spelman Stanqer

Trevena, Sunray Avenue, Denmark HiU, London. S.E.

THE JOINT SCHOLASTIC
AGENCY.

23 Southampton Street, Bloomsbury Square, W.C.

Managed by a CommiUee of Representatives of the
following Bodies : —

HEAD MASTERS' CONFERENCE,

INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION OF HEAD MASTERS.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. TEACHERS' CUILD,

INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION of ASSISTANT MASTERS,

ASSOCIATION OF TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS,

ASSOCIATION OF PREPARATORY SCHOOLS.

WELSH COUNTY SCHOOLS.

Re!j<.<:trar: Mr. E. A. VIRGO.

The object of this Agency is to render assistance
at a minimum cost to Masters seeking appointments.
The lowest possible fees are therefore charged.

A PROSPECTUS will be sent ON APPLICATION,

Interviews (preferably by appointment) 12 p.m,-l,30p,m.,

and 3 p.m.-5,30 p.m. Saturdays, 12 p.m,-l p.m,

Telephone-City 2257,

Jan. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

OARLYON COLLEGE.

55 AND 56 Chancery Lane.

LONDON UKIVCBSITT EZAMIITATIONS.

LONDON MATRICULATION, INTER. ARTS and
SCIENCE, B.A.. and B.Sc. Classes (small) Day and
Evening. M.A. Classes. B.A. Honours Classes. Ele-
mentary Greek Class.

Classes and Tuition for Leg'al and Medical
Preliminaries, Aoconntants', Soholarslilp
'Qxamlnationa, Prevlons, Bespouslons, and
General.

Papers Corrected for Schools. Vacation Tuition.

Private tuition for all Examinations.

Prospectus and full details on application to R. C, B.
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THE EDUCATIONAL TTMBS.

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A selection of Works included in
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LOCAL AND COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS
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Religious Knovyledge.

THE OXFORD AND CAIVIBRIDGE EDITION ST. MAT- s. d.

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BOOK. Edited by Kev. F. JiAKSHALL. >r.A. 1 0

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Edited by Sta.nley Wood, M.A., and A. Syms-Wood, B,.\. .16

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THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE EDITION MAC-
BETH. Edited by Stanley Wood, M.A 16

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ARD II. Edited liy .Stanley Wood, M.A. 1 6

THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE EDITION LAMB'S
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HISTORICAL ATLAS,

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THK EI)U<"AriO\AL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 19't9.

COLLEGE

1909.
OF PRECEPTORS

(Ineorpomted by Royal Charter.)
BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.

Xcctiu'C9 for Seacbers

ON THE

SCIENCE, ART, AND HISTORY OF EDUCATION.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF TEACHING
AND EDUCATION.

To be delivered by Professor J. ADAMS, M.A., B.Sc, F.C.P., Professor of Edu-
cation in the University of London.

The First Course of Lectures (Thirty-seventh Annual Series) will commence on
Thursday, February 4th, at 7 p.m.

The purpose of the Course is to give teachers an opportunity to study at first hnnd
the principles that underlie the practice of their profession. The lecturer will treat
liis subject in such a way as to fit in with the requirements of the College in con-
nexion with the examinations for the A^soeialeship, the Licentiateship, and the
Fellowship ; but his main purpose will be to present the matter in such a way as to
make it of practical service to the teacher. The reading of the students will be
guided, and problems set for their exercise. All the illustrations in the lectures
will be drawn from actual experience in the schoolroom^ and will include the
results of current experimental methods.

SYLLABUS.

I. (Feb. 4.) The Data of PsuchnJomi : unique character of consciousness:
eeneric consciousness: insulation ol tlie ludividuul consciousness : polarity of con-
sciousness : the objective and the subjective: the self and the ego : nature of the
soul: evolution of personality : interplay of personalities : self-realization as goal of
education: the tea,cher's lever.

II. (Feb. 11.) Psiicliology as an Educational Instrument : prev»lent misunder-
standing: Miinsterberg's theory: nature of hypostasis: the exploded faculty
psychology : distinction between soul and soul content : education as » process of
assimilation of and by tlin ex einal world : apperception : dynamic view of know-
ledge : Herbert Spencer's view of ihe educational value of knowledge.

III. (Feb. 18.) Preftentafional Processes : Sensation and the senses : the " p e-
ferred sense " : practical applications of the theory of preferred sense : the training
of the senses : distinction between sensation and perception: meaning and limits
of observation and experiment: the "gaping point'*: the area of observational
activity; distinction between observation and inference: the movable inference
index.

IV. (Feb. 25.) Representational Processes : distinction between gathering and
elaborating material : conception: ttie static and dynamic view of ideas: ideas as
forces: changes in the activit.v of a given idea: copresentation and interplay of
ideas : hierarchy of ideas : the fixed idea : marginal and focal ideas : the possibility
if the subconscious influence of ideas.

V. (March 4.) Soul-bnHdinff : nature and scope of association : usual limitation
to idea- : really of general application : association makes habi' a possible: advan-
tages and disadvantages of habit forming : the "growing point" : accommodation
and co-ordination : the old and the new laws of the association of ideas : Paulhan's
view : manipulation of association in teaching.

VI. (March U.) Memory: relation to personal identity: physical basis of
memory : possibility of improving memory as a natural power : the associati e and
the rational memory : mnemonics and the wemor/a technicn : mediate and imme-
diate recall : temporary and permanent memory : the natur of i he memory implied
in " cram " : rote-learning : relation between memory and general intelligence.

VII. (March 18.) " The Busy Faculty" : unjustified depreciation of the imagina-
tion: differentiation from mem ry : lesthetic and practical spheres f imagination :
"day-dreaming": need to imagine processes as well as results : mislejiding use of
the word " ideal" : the need for clearly imaged ends in practical life: application
to the teaching of Geography, History, Arithmetic, and Geometry : imaginatiun as
a drag on thought.

VIII. (April 29.) Re'/ulation of Cunsciotisness : nature rf attention: relation
to interest: teachers' distrust of interest : confusion with pleasure : interest and
iittention as cause and effect: various classifications of the kinds of attention:
the physiological basis of attention : th-- alternation between concentration and
diffusion : possibility of degrees of attention.

IX. (May 6.) Reason ino : technical distinction between judgment and reason-
ing: both included in popular term thinking: fundamentally an adaptation of
. eans to ends on the ideational plane: thinkmg m'ly be called the purposive aspect
of apperception: laws of thought as thought: the most fundamental law of all
thinKing: induction, deduction, and fallacies.

X. (May 13.) Feelings and Emotions : the pleasure-pain tone that accompanies
tlie activities of the soul : unjustifieil depieciation of the emotions: tlriving power
of spu-itual life: relation to ideas: expression of the emotions, and the various
theories c-<mnected with it : practicjil applicjitions to school work : control of the
emotions : relation between feeling and desire.

XI. {'^\ny 20.) Desire and Will: activity of desire: relation to possibility of
nttainmeiit: expectation of success: evolution of will out of desire: nature and
function of motive: fallacy of "tin ^innL-. ■•( ni'live" theory: subjective and
objective :ispects of the will; wh;il i : > ' i m iriiii!-' the will and breaking the
will: the problem of the free will ol - li i n i ^ huantl.

XII. (^Iay27.) Temperament a ml ' ,-r < \arious meanings attached to the
term temper'tmrnt in ancient and modern times: ;iccei>ted classifications: physical
characteristics of the teiiiiK'iameuts : permanency of temperament : possible iiioiii-
fications : the time element : infiuence of temperament on chanicter : character
types and their classilii^ation : use and abuse of schemes of chissifying characters.

The Fee for the Course of Tweive Lectures is Haif-a-Guinea,

*«• The Lectures will be delivered on Thursday Evenings, at 7 o'clock, at the
College, Bloomsbury Square, W.C— Members of the College have free admission to
the Course.

EDUCATIONAL WORKS
By A. K. ISBIVIER, M.A., LL.B

(Lute Dean of the College of Preceptors.)

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10

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BLACKIE & SON'S LIST

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Crown 8vo, cloth, price Is. 6d, net.

Write for full particulars to BLACKIE & SON, Ltd., SO Old Bailey, E.C.

Jan 1. 1909.]

THP] EDUCATIONAL TIMKS.

11

CONTENTS.

Page
Leader : A Christmas Card for Mr. Runciman 11

Notes 12

The Education Bill— Mr. A. C. Benson on the Personality of the
Teacher— The Board of Education on the Teaching of Histor.v in
S condary Schools — Collapse ot Army Candidates — Milton and
Cambridge.

Summary of tlie Month I'l

Universities and Colleges IS

Oxford— Cambridge— London— Bristol.

The Educational Ladder 16

Current Events 21

Kixtures— Honours— Scholarships and Prizes— Rndowments and
Keiielactions— Appointments and Vacancies— Literary— Gieneial.

Open Court: A Budget of Controversies— mainly over Moral
Education. By Dr. F. H. Hayward 24

Pa«e

The Teachers' Registration Council :

Letter from the Board of Education 26

Letter from the Teachers' Guild 27

College of Preceptors : Meeting of the Council 27

Conferences I'ranijaises : Elle et Lui, par M. I'Abbe Marguere 27

Oxford and the Workers 28

Reviews 29

The History of Ireland to the Coming of Henry II. (Clerigh) —
Conditions of Life in the Sea (.lohnstone).

General Notices • 30

New Year Gift-Books 32

First Glances 34

Mathematics 3o

Cbe Ebucational tliines.

Among the rubbish that blocks the
A Christmas Card editorial table at Christmas time and
IHr. Runcinian. overflows upon the chairs and floor —
Abecedarian Arithmetic, Artist's Alman-
ack, Bible Beauties, Comic Cuts from English Chronicles,
Dante for Dullards, and so on through the alphabet down
to Zodiacal post-cards — we have lighted on one pearl of great
price, a booklet published by Bowes & Bowes, Cambridge,
entitled, " Microcosmographia, a Guide for the Young Aca-
demic Politician." It is a pungent satire on Uaiversity
politic'^ ; but, like all good satires, it has more than a local
application, and we need no excuse for directing our readers'
attention to this delightful skit, which touches so delicately
the sore place in our educational macrocosm.

" Nothing is ever done until every one is convinced that
it ought to be done, and has been convinced so long that it
is now time to do something else." Is not this true of the
great question that has occupied public opinion chronically,
and Parliament by fits and starts, ever since the Act of
1870 and before — the nationalization of elementary ednca-
tioti ? We have patched and botched and see-sawed, alter-
nately advancing and retreating, and successive Chancellor.s
of the Exchequer have "dallied with their golden chains,
and smiling put the question by," and now, in 1909, we
seem further off a solution than we were in 19U8.

And, when we pass to secondary education, the satire of
"Microcosmographia" appears even more direct and pointed
The academic person (we read) is to Hamlet as Hamlet is
to the instinctive female. He is, " to use his own quaint
phrase, a ' beast ' ; his discourse is many times larger, and
he looks before and after many times as far. There is only
one argument for doing something ; the rest are arguments
for doing nothing." Among the latter are the Argument of
the Wedge, "that you should not act justly now for fear of
raising expectations that you may act still more justly in
the future " ; the Argument of the Dangerous Precedent ; of
" Give the present system a fair trial," and of " the Time is
not ripe," for an exposition and exposure of which we must
refer our readers to the original. But, if any ime wero inclined

to doubt the applicability of the satire to current educational
politics, he could not do better than read the report of the
last Head Masters' Conference ; had he heard the debates
the proof would be still more convincing. Mr. Gilson
brought forward what, in one form or another, has been a
standing dish at every recent Conference, the place of Greek
in schools. He asked the Conference to affirm, what is now
assumed as axiomatic by every authority on pedagogics, that
the average boy cannot with advantage undertake the study
of more than two foreign languages before the age of four-
teen, and, as a rider, that if Latin be one of them, French
and German should be accepted as equivalents for Greek.
Dr. James declared himself sick of the Greek question,
but was ready once more to apply the argumentiim ad
cuneuin. This seemingly innocent proposal would open the
floodgates of scientific barbarism. The neglect of Greek
was already sapping the foundation of our national life,
corrupting our literature, and degrading oar morals. He
was backed by Mr. Lyttelton with the argumentum ad
cruditatem. The question was sprung on them; let them
confer with the preparatory head masters Tas if they had not
conferred already) ; let these together draw up a well con-
sidered curriculum (as if the conference had not at that
very sitting approved the curriculum of the British Associ-
ation)— in a word, " the time was not ripe." Those of the
Conference who could not stom;ich the strong meat thrown
to them by Dr. James greedily swallowed Mr. Lyttelton's
honeyed sop, and appointed a Committee to confer with the
Preparatory Masters and report to the next meeting.

Academic parties are not easy to distinguish precisely, but
there is no difliculty in classifying according to the " Guide "
Mr. Lyttelton. " A Conservative Liberal is a broad-minded
man who thinks that something ought to be done, only not
anything that any one now desires, but something that was
not done in 1881-82." Nor, when we read the definition of
the " Young Man in a Hurry," is there any difliculty in
fitting the cap. In spite of his years and gravity, Dr. Gray
of Bradfield College was " inexperienced enough to imagine
that soniething might be done before very long, and even to
suggest definite things." He had the audacity to propose
to the Conference that, in order to secure a more complete
co-ordination of the educational system, non-local schools
should submit themselves to insiiection by the Board of

12

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

Education and even welcome Inspectors as allies and
fi-iends. It is needless to say that so rank a proposition was
rejected, and the wonder is that the previous question was
carried by so small a majority. All agreed that inspection
in the abstract was at worst a necessary evil and that, if
conducted by the Universities — that is, by friendly amateurs
— it might be pleasant and even comfoitable ; but a com-
pulsory inspection conducted by professionals was a very
diffei'ent matter. That head masters should be compelled
to fill up forms and compile statistics was not only vexa-
tious but derogatory to their dignity, and, as one gentleman
remarked, subversive of character. The tricolour of the
Conference — " Liberty, Variety, Elasticity " — must be nailed
to the mast. A head master's school was his castle into
which no Board would be admitted. But the argu-
ment that carried the day was " Inopportuneness." A
member of the Conference was at the moment threatened
by the Board with legal action, and for the Conference to
express any opinion pendente lite would be obviously unfair
and pT'ejudice the case.

E pur si muove ! 1908 will be remembered as the Annus
Mirabilis in which the Head Masters' Conference — Conser-
vative Liberals, Liberal Conservatives, Non-placets, Adul-
lamites, and Young Men in a Hurry — passed a unanimous
resolution which, as the Morning Post interpreted it, is
tantamount to a direct vote of censure on the Board of Edu-
cation. It was moved by Dr. Gow, seconded by Canon
Swallow, and carried unanimously: —

(n) That this Conference is of opinion that, in the formation of a Regis-
tration Council under the Education (Administrative Provisions) Act of
1907, reprej-entatives of the teaching profession should be chosen with
reference to the types and grades of existing schools, and not with
reference to the several f^ieulties of teachers ; and (b) that this Conference
trusts that the Board of Education will take step.s to facilitate the con
stitution of such a Council without further delay.

The motion, as proposed by Dr. Gow, was couched in
stronger tei'ms, calling upon the Boai'd to proceed to the
constitution of the Council ; but the amendment, accepted in
deference to Dr. Pry's plea for meekness and patience, comes,
as Dr. Gow remarked, to the same thing.

The principle of the draft scheme for a Registration Coun-
cil, which was so unceremoniously rejected by the Board of
Education, will be familiar to all our readers, even if they
have forgotten the details. It is enough for our purpose to
remind them that it was approved by all the delegates of
the various educational associations at the meeting held last
February at the College of Preceptors, and afterwards con
firmed by the several associations, including the College of
Preceptors. Further, these delegates were acting at the
instance of the President of the Board, who had given them
to understand that, if they could come to an agreement amon^
themselves, the Board of Education would accept their con
clasions and forthwith take steps to issue an Order in
Council in pursuance of the Act. That agreement is now
repudiated bj* Sir Robert Morant, but Dr. Gow stated to the
Conference that he had it on the highest authority that " the
account given in the White Paper of the preliminary nego
tiations that resulted in Clause 16 is a mere travesty of what
took place."

The scheme of the delegates was by no means perfect ;
there were overlappings and serious omissions. So much

Dr. Gow frankly admitted. It was open to amendments in
details, and it was intended that the Board of Education
should so modify it. But it was not intended that the
Board should invite objections from every educational society
to be found in Whitaker, and some too obscure to be found
there, and then, as Dr. Gow complained, fling all the pro-
tests at his head. Dr. Gow is a good Christian, but he
refuses, at Sir Robert Morant's invitation, to enter the lions'
den with six drawing masters, four musicians, two steno-
graphers, a bookkeeper, and other denizens of the fringe, all
flying at his throat and demanding the reason why they were
not admitted to the Council.

Mr. Runciman is in Egypt, enjoying a well earned holidaj-
after his long and strenuous efforts to settle a weightier
and far more thorny question than the Registration of
Teachers. He has been hailed by all parties as a true peace-
maker, and won universal admiration in spite of his ill
success. In the land of the lotus the resolution of the
Head Masters' Conference, if it reaches him at all, will
appear " a tale of little meaning, though the words are
strong." But, when he returns to his duties at Whitehall,
we hope that the first business he takes in hand will be to
master for himself the question of registration, to abandon,
if not to repudiate, the non possunuis attitude of his Perma-
nent Secretary, and proceed without further delay to put
into operation Clause 16. Let him remember that that
clause is backed not only by the Head Masters' Conference
and the Incorporated Association of Head Masters, but by
a far more numerous and more influential body, the National
Union of Teachers.

NOTES.

The Education Bill is dead and gone. We confess we
had considerable hopes of a settlement when a compromise
was seriously attempted after the questions at issue had
been thrashed out thoroughly and reduced to specific and
manageable points. We do not think that the failure can
be laid at the door of the prominent negotiators. We have
no doubt whatever that both sides were most anxious to
arrive at an accommodation. But the facts appear to have
been inadequately realized, and the lack of time to ascertain
them with sufficient clearness to establish an agreement gave
a welcome opportunit}"^ to extremists in both camps. The
sore thus remains open and aggrav^ated. Compromise is
essentially unsatisfactory to both parties ; but, failing com-
promise, there is nothing to look for but a further period
of bitter struggle. Yet, if the teaching of religion in the
schools had been left to the parents and the teachers, there
can be little doubt that it would have gone on satisfactorily
and smoothly. Dogma seems strangely out of place in con-
flict with religion.

The Presidential address of Mr. A. C. Benson to the
Teachers' Guild, published in full in the December number
of the Teachers^ Ouild Qiiarterlij, is well worth reading, alike
for its wisdom and for the excellent literary form in which
that wisdom is embodied. The subject is " The Personality
of the Teacher." Mr. Benson begins by dwelling on the

Jan. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

13

importance of preserving a due pi-oportion between the
scientific and tlie emotional elements in the teacher. The
early appetite for knowledge is often, he reminds us, fitful,
and can be cultivated only by a certain sympathetic in-
fluence. It is destroyed by a bore, and cannot be stimulated
by even an enthusiast without a certain attractive and persua-
sive power. The question for each teacher to consider is how
to make the best of himself, remembering that if a lesson goes
badly the fault lies with himself rather than with his class.
First comes the maintenance of physical health : the teacher
should conscientiously observe the laws of health in matters
of food, exercise, and the like, and should especially " obey
the dictates of honest fatigue." Next the intellectual side :
he should never become stereotyped, but read widely, not
so much on the lines of his prescribed studies as in books
which he enjoys and which cultivate the intellectual sense
and widen the horizon. He must cultivate his imaginative
faculty, and, above all, he must be alive, with all his deep-
seated seriousness, to the infectious influence of gaiety.
Method he must have, and must adhere to it, and at the same
time be ready to change it if it fails to appeal to his pupils.
Lastly, the moral or ethical region of self -development is
briefly discussed. The ramifications of the subject are in-
finite ; probably the safest rule is that the teacher should
aim sincerely at making himself what he desires his pupils
to be.

cally difficult, requiring exceptional capacity both in teacher
and in pupil. Still, we may improve on previous results.

Tub Board of Education has just issued a Circular
(No. 599) on the Teaching of History in Secondary Schools,
and along with it a Memorandum " in explanation and ex-
pansion " of it. The Circular recommends a course extend-
ing over at least three years, and, if possible, four ; for the
course is to include English history from the earliest times,
with such reference to and explanation of the chief events of
European history as is necessary for the understanding of Eng-
lish history, and with special attention to local history. The
history results are usually not very satisfactory ; nor is this
to be wondered at when one considers the quantity as well as
the nature of the matters to be grasped and the immaturity
of the apparatus that is expected to grasp them. The Cir-
cular, however, " also recommends that a large liberty should
be assumed in each school to leave out freely much which is
now included in the ordinary school treatment." Here, at
last, is sound sense ; and inspectois must attend to it as well
as teachers. The obvious course is to concentrate on the
essential points. The Circular rules out " special periods,"
except " very late in the school course : they are really
more suited for University work " ; while acknowledging
certain advantages in the " concentric system," it finds " fatal
objections in practice " ; and it argues against the plan of
working back from the present into the past. The scheme
is, on the whole, a very good working arrangement, pro-
vided it is carried out in the large and free spirit that
appears to animate it. " The practical difliculty that we
have to meet is examinations." That, again, depends upon
getting sensible examiners. The scheme has evidently been
well thought out, and abundant illustrations are given by
way of example and ai'gument. But when teacher and pupil
have done their honest best, we shall not expect more than
moderately satisfactory results ; for the subject is intrinsi-

The Army Qualifying Board had some 326 candidates
before them in September, and passed only 113 of them — say
one in three. On the face of it, there is nothing very remark-
able in the proportion of passes and failures ; but there is
significance in the details of the report. The English essays
might have been expected to be, as they are described,
" mediocre " ; and some allowance may be made even for
" the most grotesque mistakes both in orthography and in
punctuation," but marks ought not to have been lost " by
pure carelessness and inattention." Precis-writing is a test-
ing exercise. "In most cases it was unequivocally bad" :
not only had the candidates " little idea of the purposes
served by precis-writing," not only was their writing
" slovenly " &c., bat there was " recklessness in misstatement
and an apparent inability of the writers to read a simple
narration with any degree of care and intelligence." " Much
of the arithmetic work was very unsatisfactory " ; " the
results of the examination in geometry were very poor
indeed." The chemistry was " distinctly poor." An un-
duly large proportion of the candidates " knew practically
nothing of geography." " A lamentable ignorance of sound
elementary knowledge of French was shown " ; and " of the
ten candidates offering German not one was really good,
and some were very bad." How of Latin and Greek ?
" Only a small proportion of the candidates in Latin are safe
from making blunders of the most elementary description."
Only a single candidate offered Greek, and his achievement
was to " send up half-a-dozen words of no value." After
this disastrous catalogue, it is some relief to learn that
" Algebra was good, and history was better than it has
sometimes been." But one would like to know something
of the educational history of these astonishing candidates.
Surely it is only an elaborate and ingenious course of train-
ing that could have led to such egregious results. If young
men of such calibre be set to command even a corporal's
guard in these days of scientific warfare, we may well pray
earnestly for peace in our (and their) time.

Among the many celebrations of Milton, the first place is
due to the memorial reverence done him at Cambridge,
which is duly chronicled in the " Milton Tercentenary
Number " of Christ's College Magazine. Fortunately a
" commodious lie " of a virulent disputant furnished the
poet with " an apt occasion to acknowledge publicly with
all grateful mind that more than ordinary favour and
respect which I found above any of my equals at the hands
of those courteous and learned men the Fellows of that
College wherein I spent some years, who at my parting,
after I had taken two degi'ees, as the manner is, signified
many ways how much better it would content them that I
would stay, as by many letters full of kindness and loving
respect, both before that time and long after, I was assured
of their singular good affection towards me." " Not only
Christ's, but Cambridge itself, and the studies for which Cam-
bridge was even then becoming famous," said Prof. Mackail,
" gave a specific direction to his genius and left an indelible

14

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

impress on his poetry." It was right, therefore, that Christ's
and Cambridge should do special reverence to the memory
of Milton, and hail him as the greatest ornament of the
College and the foremost " on the dazzling roll of poets
whom^ Cambridge claims as her sons."

SUMMARY OP THE MONTH.

The London County Council have agreed, with reference to
teachers' pensions, " that the principle of such a complementary
scheme of superannuation as will provide that the retiring al-
lowance receivable by a certiticated teacher in a London pviblic
elementary school, together with the benefits receivable by him
or her under the Elementary School Teachers (Superannuation)
Act, 1898, shall, so far as possible in all the circumstances, be the
same as those to which officers of the Council of equal service
and similar average salary are entitled."

The Herts County Council are spending some £8,000 on the
erection of a new elementary school for Letchworth (Garden
City), with features diverging from the ordinary type of elemen-
tary school. All the classrooms surround an open quadrangle,
on two sides of which there is a series of cloisters for shelter.
Thus, every classroom will be in direct communication with the
open air to a degree which is impossible in the ordinary school
where the classrooms cluster round a central hall. Moreover,
each classroom has been limited to 400 square feet of floor area,
which gives forty as the maximum number of children. It is
hoped, however, that not more than thirty-two children will be
taught iu each classroom ; and this reduction in the number of
children to each teacher will be no inconsiderable gain educa-
tionally.

The Westminster School play this year opened with words of
welcome to Princess Henry of Battenberg, who was present, and
a merry quip on women's suffrage. The play selected was the
" Andria " of Terence, a standard classic at Westminster. The
familiar story was well told in excellently spoken Latin. The
principal parts were worthily filled. Simo the determined
father, Pamphilus the wayward son, and Davus his faithful
servant acted and spoke well ; and Messrs. I. L. Benvenisti,
G. G. Williams, and R. M. Barrington-Ward (the captain of the
school) are to be congr.itulated on their histrionic powers. The
play was, as usual, followed by an amusing epilogue, also in
Latin, comprising the same cast, and consisting of a series of
skits on present topics, including, of course, the Suffragette
question, the Franco-British Exhibition, and the Marathon race.

The Head Masters' Conference was held (December 22 and 23)
at Merchant Taylors' School, under the presidency of Dr.
Arbuthuot Nairn. Over a hundred head masters attended.
The Rev. Dr. Gow (Westminster) moved : " That, in the forma-
tion of a Registration Council under the Education (Administra-
tive Provisions) Act of 1907, representatives of the teaching
profession should be chosen with reference to the types and
grades of existing schools, and not with reference to the several
faculties of teachers, and that this conference trusts the Board
of Education will take steps to facilitate the constitution of such
a Council without delay." Canon R. D. Swallow (Chigwell)
seconded, and the motion was carried. Dr. Gray (Bradfield)
moved : " That this Conference, while anxious for the preserva-
tion of a variety of types in the secondary schools of this
country, recognizes the value of securing a more complete co-
ordination of the educational system, and with this end iu view
would welcome a closer touch between the Board of Education
and the authorities of the non-local schools, through inspection
and other direct meaus of communication." He hoped that the
non-local schools and the Board of Education would join hands
in proposing a scheme which would be pressed upon the Uni-
versities. So long as Oxford and Cambridge insisted on the
retention of two dead languages as a nine qua non for entrance
into their courts, so long would educational progress be cramped,
encased, and crushed. The Rev. A. A. David (Clifton) seconded,
and Dr. A. E. Hillard (St. Paul's School), opposing, said that

On the second day of the Conference, Dr. Upcott (Christ's
Hospital) moved a resolution to the effect that the Conference,
while withholding its assent to many details, and in particular
to the proposal to postpone the study of Latin to the age of
twelve, approved of the main conclusions of the Report of the
Committee of the British Association, Education Section. This
was carried. A motion that the Army Council be urged at once
to make it a rule that recognized schools may send in candidates
for any examination recognized by the Council was referred to
the Committee. Mr. R. C. Gilson (Birmingham) submitted a
resolution in three parts. The first laid it down that, in the
opinion of the Conference, the average boy could not undertake
the study of two languages besides English before attaining the
age of fourteen without detriment to his general education.
Tlie second part declared it desirable that no candidate of the
ordinary age for admission should be allowed to ofEer more than
two foreign languages in the Entrance and Entrance Scholar-
ships Examinations of the public schools, aud that, provided
Latin was taken, Greek, French, and German should be alterna-
tives carrying equal weight. The third part stated that, as
experience showed it to be possible for a boy to attain a 'nigh
standard of Greek scholarship by the age of eighteen or nineteen,
even though he might not have begun Greek till fourteen or even
later, it was the duty of public schools to provide a class or
classes in which the study of that language could be begun.
The Head Master of Eton moved as a rider that a Committee be
appointed to confer with the preparatory-school masters as to a
scheme of studies for schoolboys from the age of nine to about
sixteen, and to draw up a report. It was time head masters
showed the country that they had made up their minds as to
what the curriculum in the schools should be. An amendment
by Mr. W. G. Rushbrooke (St. Olave's) to substitute thirteen
years as the age instead of fourteen in the first clause of the
resolution was adopted. The second clause was defeated a,nd
the third carried. The rider was also agreed to. On the motion
of the Rev. W. C. Compton (Dover), seconded by the Rev. T. N. H.
Smith-Pearse (Epsom), the Conference adopted a resolution
stating that the standard of the School Certificate Examination
conducted by the Oxford and Cambridge Joint Board was too
high for the purpose for which it was intended, and instructing
the Committee to approach the Board ou the subject. Mr.
W. W. Vaughan (Giggleswick) asked the Conference to view
with regret the apparently increasing neglect of the study of
German in secondary schools. A resolution to that effect was
carried, only five dissenting.

The Chelsea Secondary School for Girls was formally opened
on November 20. The school was originally part of the South-
western Polytechnic, and the transfer was effected in September
last. The new buildings are situated in Horteusia Road, and
represent the first school building expressly designed and
erected by the London County Council for the secondary educa-
tion of girls. The aim of the new school is to provide a liberal
education for girls up to the age of eighteen or nineteen years.
The claims of science to a prominent place in the school curri-
culum have been duly recognized, and ample accommodation has
been provided for the practical study of chemistry, physics,
and botany. The home arts are to be taught, and suitable rooms
have been arranged for this purpose, as well as for practical
work in geography.

A cosrEKENCE of teachers and others interested in education
was held at the University of Birmingham (December 5), a
number of urban and rural districts throughout the Midlands
being represented. Mr. J. W. Willis Bund, Chairman of the
Worcestershire Education Committee, presided at the morning
session. A discussion took place on " Evening Schools," Mr.
W. A. Brockington, Director of Education for the County of
Leicester, reading a paper on " Compulsory Evening Schools," and
Ml-. J. Penrice. Meriden, dealing specially with rural evening
schools. Mr. Willis Bund emphasized the difficulty entailed by
having two education rates and so many controlling authorities.
He would like to see the county the authority for education all
over the educational area. He was also in favour of the raising
of the school age at elementary schools from fourteen to sixteen,
and, if possible, " beneficial employment " abolished. Prof.
Muirhead contended that the most practical line of advance was

age as the development

.__ ,_ ,. ji „. not so much the raising of the leavin^

the Inspectors of the Board of Education were not Suitable for of the continuation schools. At the afternoon session, over which
the work of inspection of public schools. Eventually the " pre- j Prof. Hughes presided, a paper was read by Mr. W. J. Morgan,
vious question " was carried. | President of the Birmingham Trades Council, on " Maintenance

Jan. 1, 1909-1

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

15

Scholarships from Elementary Schools." He urged that the
children of the working man had to be sacrificed to the necessity
of keeping a home together, the financial difficulty of giving
promising scholars the advantages of higher education being
often insurmountable at present.

The report on the Bradford Technical College for the session
1907-8 shows that the total number of students in attendance
during the session was virtually the same as in the previous
year, but there was a fall in the number of day students from
242 to 217. The average age of these students at the commence-
ment of the session was nineteen years, as compared with eigh-
teen years five months at the corresponding period of 1906. A
new scholarship scheme, adopted during the session, provides
opportunity for the transference of evening students of excep-
tional ability to the day courses, and oifers special scholarships
for apprentices in works. In order to carry the specialized
ti-aining to as high a point as practicable, a number of fourth-
year scholarships are offered to day students who have completed
their three years' course, and, as a recognition of the necessity
for securing the best brains and the highest possible preliminary
training, a certain number of entrance scholarships are awarded
on merit alone. The scheme affords evidence of the desire that
all sections of the community should have equal facilities, as
they have an equal claim to the advantages of the college train-
ing. The scheme for building a new block for the accommoda-
tion of the department of textile industries on an adjoining site,
already purchased, has taken definite shape; detailed plans are
being prepared and building is to be begun shortly. The staff
of the department of chemistry and dyeing has been strength-
ened with a view to the encouragement of research work in the
college. The testing laboratory of the department of textile
industries has been employed to a much greater extent than
previously in carrying out investigations for the trade. It is
pleasing to note tliat the advantages offered to manufacturers
and others are being more fully realized.

A MEETING of the Scottish Modern Languages Association was
held in the University of Edinburgh (November 28), Miss Robson,
Edinburgh, presiding. Miss Elizabeth Fish, Glasgow, was
appointed President for the ensuing year, and Dr. T. Pettigrew
Young, of the University College, Dundee, Vice-President. Dr.
Schlapp, Edinburgh, submitted a report on a memorandum pre-
pared by the Association dealing with the different aspects in
the teaching of modern languages. He said everybody was
aware of the alarminu- condition of the subject of German in the
schools of this country. The Committee suggested a change in
the conditions of the present intermediate certificates, and he
understood the Education Department were inclined to give
greater facilities for modern languages. On the motion of Dr.
Schlapp, it was agreed to petition the Universities to reform as
soon as possible the bursary examination, so as to give equal
chances to candidates in modern languages with candidates in
all other subjects ; and to reorganize the honours class in modern
honours language so as to allow of honours being taken separ-
ately in French and German. Mr. J. D. Rose, Kirkcaldy High
School, moved a resolution to the effect that, while welcoming
the prospect that the leaving certificate might become the
normal mode of entrance to the University, it was highly impor-
tant that the University preliminary examination should be
maintained, in addition to the leaving certificate examination, so
that those prevented in any way from obtaining the leaving
certificate might not be shut out from higher careers for which
they miglit have qualified themselves in otlier ways. The
motion was unanimously agreed to. Dr. Pettigrew Young after-
wards read a paper on " The Teaching of French in Scotland
before the Nineteenth Century."

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.

There are 'iOi students on the books of the Asso-
Oxford. ciation for the Education of Women, and 290 of
these are in residence. The corresponding figures
of last year are 271 and 259, and this year's numbers are a
record. The quality is equally well maintained; 51 students
obtained honours, 7 in the first and 24 in the second class; and
in the examination for the Diploma in Anthropology, held in
1908 for the first time, the only candidate who obtained distinc-
tion was a woman student.

Early next term the University will be asked to make a very

important change in its own constitution by meeting a reform of
Congregation. That body consists at present of all resident
members of Convocation and of certain University officials. A
resolution will be submitted to Congregation on January 26 in
the following terms : " That it is desirable that Congregation
should be limited to members of Convocation who hold, or have
held. University or College appointments, or are directly con-
cerned with the studies, teaching, or administration of the Uni-
versity." The resolution has the support of over 120 members
of Congregation, but it is already evoking a considerable amount
of opposition.

(From our own Correspondent.)
HiSTORV has not been made this term, but this
Cambridge. is no cause for grumbling. Good solid work has
been done in all departments, and our best men
have not been called away from the things they know to take
part in controversies which are as unsettling as they are un-
profitable. The long deferred report on the General Examina-
tion will probably make its appearance next term. Here is an
examination confessedly producing good results, free from most
of the evils innate in examinations as a class, conducted by men
of experience and tact, who know the difficulties and dangers of
examination divorced from teaching ; and yet this is the object
of the reformers' attack. Some years ago, as a result of a con-
sensus of the leading lights in Cambridge, essay writing was
introduced as a subject into all our examinations, including the
General, but not a thing have the College authorities done to-
wards providing adequate teaching. What is the result ? The
examiners in most examinations have to adapt themselves to the
capabilities of the candidates.

The appointment of the Rev. J. P. Whitney to the Chair of
Ecclesiastical History at King's College is a well deserved
honour paid to a distinguished teacher. Mr. Whitney is, above
all things, a man of wide and liberal ideas. In history, law, and
theology alike he has made his mark, and he possesses that
peculiar faculty, possessed in such perfection by the late Sir
Henry Maine, of being able to focus upon the point argued the
light derived from sources far apart. Fortunately for Caml^ridge,
Mr. Whitney means to live among us. A Cambridge pi-ofessor-
ship and an English bishopric will probably follow in due course.

Just after these notes were written for your last issue, Cam-
bridge received a visit from a party of German officials connected
with the profession of the law. The excursion was avowedly
educational, but in Cambridge it is possible that our visitors gave
moi-e than they received in the way of education. Through the
hospitality of Dr. Breul a few representative Cambridge men
were privileged to meet the foreign visitors, and the most charm-
ing speeches were made, notably one by Dr. Ward, Master of
Peterhotise, the purity of whose diction made the German guests
believe him to be one of their own nation.

The football match, on December 12, turned out much in
accordance with the predictions made in these notes last month.
Cambridge had the best of the game for more than three-quarters
of the time, and were unlucky not to win outright one of the
most remarkable games of the past few years. There was a
curious unanimity on the part of the London press six weeks
before the match that Oxford couldn't lose, and, a week before,
that they ought not to do so. But they nearly did.

We ought to have a good crew for Putney this year. The
trials have disclosed an abundance of new talent. Shortly after
these notes see the light the President will be starting practice
with a crew which will probably contain the following or most
of them :-^Arbuthnot (stroke), Hornidge, Rosher, Perry, Thomson,
Fairbairn, Williams, and Richardson. Thiart will come in at
seven or bow, according to the needs of the crew.

One of the usual disorderly " rags " after a big dinner has led
to an undergraduate's being summoned for doing wilful damage
to the amount of more than £5, and this between the hours of
9 p.m. and 6 a.m. There were two other charges of doing dam-
age of a less amount which the magistrates dealt with severely ;
but, as they could not deal summarily with the third charge,
they committed the defendant for trial at the Sessions on this,
although practically all were one continuous transaction. This
will be a lesson to undergraduates, for Recorders and Judges of
the High Court are not always so lenient as a Borough Bench.
What we really want is a stipendiary for Cambridge. Local
shopkeepers are, no doubt, excellent men in their way ; but there
seems to be no reason why other qualified men should be ex-
cluded from the Bench because they take no part in local, as
opposed to Imperial, politics.

16

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMKS.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

The death of Mrs. J. W. Clark will cause an- immense amount
of sympathy for the bereaved family, more especially for its
venerable head. " J," as he is invariably called by all " the boys,
to whom lie is such a trusty friend, will have some little consola-
tion in knowing how many there are who feel for him in his
trouble.

The poll examination lists are now coming out. There seems
a tendency to strictness on the part of the e.xaminers, but, as long
as this is accompanied by good examining, nobody objects. The
Engineering Special is growing and will grow ; the M.B. seems
to have reached its .stage of maximum development for a time.
In a year or two it will possibly make fresh developments.

The thirty-fifth annual report of the Local Lectures Syndicate
contains a recommendation from Mr. Cranage, the secretary, that
the summer meeting, which is held biennially at Cambridge,
should be removed to the north of England, where many of the
strongest Cambridge centres are located. It is regarded as a
disquieting feature that the summer meeting at the University
is supported chiefly by students connected with other University
Local Lectures— Oxford and London particularly — and does not
attract the Cambridge Local Lectures students in the proportion
held to be desirable. Mr. Cranage says it is extremely difficult
for many of the students engaged in the ordinary occupations of
life to spare the time and the money to come to Cambridge, and
he suggests that tlie summer meeting should become peripatetic.

Negotiations have been in progress for some time
Londou. between the authorities of the University of London
and the University of Paris with regard to a proposed
interchange of students, or, in other words, the institution of a
system whereby students of the one University should be allowed
to spend a certain time at the other, such period being officially
recognized as part of the course for a degree. The constitution
of the University of London did not, however, permit of its
accenting any part of a course of stud}- not pursued in one of the
ways mentioned in the definition of an "internal student," and,
in order to carry out the arrangement, the statutes of the Uni-
versity have had to be altered. The Senate, having previously
submitted a draft of the new statute to Convocation, have now
adopted it, with this proviso : " A course of study, extending over
not more than one year, taken in another University approved
for this purpose, subsequent to the passing of the Intermediate
Examination, may be accepted in lieu of an approved course of
study taken in this University." This new statute has been laid,
as is required, on the tables of both Houses of Parliament.
Under this new power the University of London will be able to
approve the University of Paris, and send its students to study
there for one year out of the three required for the bachelor's
degree, provided that it is not the first of those three years.
Therfi is no constitutional difficult}' on the part of the University
of Paris, such as there was here, and it is within the power
of that University to reciprocate. During the negotiations it
was considered whether professors, as well as students, might be
interchanged, but the practical difficulties were insurmountable.

The Senate unanimously adopted the following resolution
(December 2) : —

That, haviuar regard to the desirability of securing iucorporation of
the Imperial College of Science and Technology with the University, as
rocoinmended by the Departmental Committee and contemplated by the
Charter of the Imperial College, the Government be requested to
appoint a Royal Commis.^^ion for the purpose with a view to the intro-
duction of a public BQl, and that the Senate reafSrms its wilUngness to
increase its numbers, and will take steps to secure such powers of dele-
gation to its Councils and to any Committees it may appoint as shall
appear expedient.

The Keport of the Council of King's College alluded to the
steady advance of the College in every Department and the im-
provement in the numbers of the regular students. In particular,
the Faculty of Theology showed a large increase, and the system
of training had been made more satisfactory. During the past
session the King's College Incorporation Act had been passed,
receiving the Royal Assent on August 1. The Commissioners ap-
pointed under the Act, with Sir James Stirling as chairman, had
begun to sit, and the statutes were being drafted. The earliest
day on which Incorporation could take place was Sefitem-
ber 1, 1909. The policy of incorporation and reorganization
which would thus be carried out would help in the building up
of a teaching University for London out of existing institutions,
and would strengthen the portions of the College not incorpo-
rated, and especially the School of Theology.

During the session 19(~8 twenty-nine students submitted
essays for the Universit Kxtension Sessional Certific'ate in
Honours. Of the.se fifteen, ere approved for the Honours Cer-
tificate, and eight were " twimended."

A ruTiTic has been presented to His Majesty
Bristol. the King I- Bristol University College, asking

for the estalishmeiit of a University in that city.
It has been i-eferred to ic Privy Council for consideration.
It states that there has leen a strong and growing feeling
for some time in Bristol ad the surrounding districts that it
would be of great advamge to the inhabitants if such a Uni-
versity were established, t'ith a view to providing the financial
support which would be ri-uired for developing and adding to
the teaching equipment o! he College in such a way as to meet
the requirements of an indfrMident University, donations amount-
ing to £172,000 have alreav been received or promised, includ-
ing £100,000 promised by ^r. Henry Overton Wills, of Kelston
Knoll, Weston. The pixent endowment of the College is
£57,316 ; the income last ear was £13,860, and there are at
present nearly five liundid registered students, whilst it is
stated that there is every lason to believe that, if a University
were established, the addional interest created, the facilities
afforded, and the prestig< conferred thereby would lead to a
substantial increase in thes numbers.

The draft charter of inofporation of the University of Bristol
has been issued. The folloing are to be the first chief officers of
the new University : — Ohacellor, Mr. H. O. Wills : pro-Chan-
cellors, the Bishop of Heiwrd, the Right Hon. Lewis Fry, and
the Right Hull. Henry Jnbhouse ; Vice-Chancellor, Prof. C
Lloyd Morgan, P.R.S. ; au'Treasurer, Mr. G. A. Wills. Women
are to be eligible for any oce in the University and for mem-
bership of any of its con.ituent bodies, and all degrees and
courses of study in the Uii'ersity are to be open to them. It
has been announced that tS authorities of the Bristol University
College have purchased U blind asylum and its land which
adjoin University College. The site thus secured will be used
for the erection of part of le new University.

THE EDUATIONAL LADDER.

Cambeddoe University. — Onis Greek Testatment Prizes : — Bachelors :
F. S. Marsh, B.A., Selwyn. Undergraduates: R. H. Willey, B.A.,
Gains. George Williams Prii for Theology: C. E. Raven, B.A.,
Caius. Whewell Seholarshiir il) A. E. Brown, B.A., St. John's;
^2) N. G. Scorgie, B.A., LL.J. Sidney Sussex.

Christ's. — Scholarships : L.r. Jacob, Clifton, £80 for Mathematics;
J. C. Butterwick, Malvern, £t:for Classics; A. F. R. Lumby, Ruo-by,
£60 for Classics ; G. D. Roseny, Merchant Taylors', Londou, £60 for
Natural Science ; O. H. Groyi Sutton Coldfield, £40 for Mathematics ;
F. C. Walker, WolverhamptoiVrrammar School, £40 for Classics ; and
R. G. Martin, Hackney Dfjna School, £40 for Natural Science
Exhibitions : A. G. F. Willis.st. Olave's, £30 for Mathematics ; A. C.
Blyth, Aldenham, £30 for OssicB ; and H. M. Sale, Aldenham, £30
for Mathematics and Natuiv Science. Walter Wren Prize : C. F.
Wood, B.A., late Scholar of ti College.

<:l<,re.—'Dv. T. R. Elliott, la- Scholar of Trinity, has been elected to
a Fellowship (Natural Sciemi, Scholarships: — Classics: £80, J. J.
Wiles, Perse School ; £.50 (aii an Archdeacon Johnson's Exhibition),
I. H. Taunton. Uppingham £40, P. R. Frost, Charterhouse, and
H. L. Gar.son, Malvern. M:hematics : £60, M. Segal, St. Paul's;
£50, D. J. Watson, High 'Wcombe Grammar School ; £40, A. 3.
Wright, Dulwich. Science : tfiO, A. L. Bacarach. St. Paul't., and
R. W. P. Jackson, Oundle;£40 (Science and Mathematics), H. H.
Stevens, Liverpool College.

Corpui CVijun.— Mathematid Scholarship: C. J. A. Buckell, Marl-
borough. Mathematical Exhiiltion: F. S. Thomas, H.averford West
Grammar School.

i'mwaHKc/.- Scholarships: X W. WaUaee, Fettes, £80 (Classics);
R. H W. Moline, King's .Siool, Canterbury, £60 (Mathematics) :
F. Williamson, Bedford Model School, £60 (Natural Science ; W. P.
Bennett, Cheltenham. £60 (Hi£-ryi ; W. C. S. Wigley, King Edward's^
Birmingham, £40 (Mathemati.) ; K. H. Coxe, Eastbourne College,
£40 (Classics); W. A. Nowe. Stamford School, £40 i Classics); and
J. H. Burn, North-Eastern County School, Barnard Castle,' £40
Natural Science). Exhibitins : H. D. Henderson, Rugby, £30
(Mathematics) ; H. R. Ch;rcr, Camberwell Grammar School, £30
(Natural Science) ; and S. C. jijldn, Tonbridge, £30 (Natural Science).

Goiiville and Cuius — Scholatnps : R. A. Fisher, Harrow. £80 for
Mathematics; P. H. C. Alien, lirist's Hospital, £80 for Mathematics ;
H V. Neilson, Oakham, £80 ffOlassics ; S. H. Batty-Smith. Bradfield,
for History honorary); H. ( Read, WeUington, £6(1 for Cl.assica ;
T. H. Somervell, Rugby, £6lJor Natural Science; W. D. G. Batten,

Jan. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

17

Clifton, £60 for Modern Languages iC J. Dannhorn, City of London,
£40 for Cla*sics ; P. Sargant- FlorenccRugby, £40 for History ; J. A. O.
Muirhead, Glenalmond, £40 for Natnil Science; E. Watson Williams,
Clifton, £40 for Natural Science ; .1 F. A. Christie, Clifton, £40 for
Modem Languages ; and A. B Bratti, Harrow, for Modern Languages
(honorary). Exhibitions : L. B. Eyi. Dulwieh, £30 for Classics ; and
G. W. Paget, St. Paul's, £aO for Nairal Science.

Jesus. — Scholarships : M. L. W. Latner, Merchant Taylors', London,
£80 for Classics ; W. W. Fletcher, iS Olave's, £60 for Mathematics ;
W. M. Peacock, Marlborough, £60 ff Classics (Rustatj ; A. Wright,
Boulevard Secondary School, Hull. £40 for History: J. C. Hill,
Cambenvell Grammar School, £40 ft.i>fatural Science ; C. E. Hughes-
Davies, St. Edmund's School, Cautibury, £40 for Classics (Rustat) ;
and H. Bumabr, Haileybury, £40 tf Classics (Rustat). Exhibitions:

E. S. S. H Stafford, HaUeybury, £) for Classics ; C. W. G. Eady,
Clifton, £30 for Classics ; and C. P. Jller, Bradford Grammar School,
£30 for Natural Science.

KttKj's. — Foundation Schoiarahips ;r. Gray, Merchant Taylors', £80
for Natural Science ; A. Roscoe, Atenham, £80 for Classics ; E. D.
Spring Rice, Eton, £80 for Classics F. M. Hardman, Eton, £80 for
Clas.sic3 ; and H. C. Prior. Eton, £80 ir History. Minor Scholarships :

F. H. M. Ralph, Tonbridgc, £60 fo.History; J. E. Davey, Campbell
CoUege, Belfast, £60 for Clas.sics ; i W. Matthews, Eton, £60 for
Classics ; and A. N. M. Gariy, Er^. £60 for Classics. Exhibitions :
C. L. Purves, Fettes, £40 for Clasi™ ; W. A. C. Brooke, Rugby, for
History (honorary) ; E. J. K. Brauaoltz, Oundle, £40 for Classics ;
H. Craven, Harrow, for History honorary) ; A. Winterbotham,
St. Paul's, for Classics (honorary) :".TH. Walton, Armstrong College,
£40 for Natural Science ; E. M. li. Ingram, Eton, for Classics
(honorary) : B. B. Buckley, Eton, r,- Classics (honorary) ; and F. L.
Birch, Eton, for Modem Languages lonorai^).

-Ps^fcAoHsr. —Scholarships : J. L. Nvler, King's School, Chester, £80
(Mathematics) ; W. B. Chope, Bath bUege, £60 (Classics) ; V. Stott,
Bradford Grammar School, £60 (Ntural Sciences) ; G. H. Atkinson,
Marlborough, £50 (History). Exhiition : R. B. Beveridge, St. An-
drews University, £:i0 (Mathematics)

P««*rofe.— Scholarships : E. C. Stidy, St. Paul's, £80 for Classics ;
R. A. Frazer, City of London, £.' for Mathematics; C. J. Tree,
Cliarterhouse, £60 for Classics; S. 1; Thomas, King Edward's, Birm-
ingham, £60 for Mathematics ; E. ti.Viveu, Bedford Grammar School,
£60 for Classics ; P. M. WUson, 3Iar.orough College, £60 for Classics ;
F. H. ^mith, Reigatc Grammar Hiool, £40 for Natural Science ;
L. H. jUisoD, Harrow, £40 for ntural Science; P. Crow, Ton-
bridge, £40 for Classics ; and C. GJJaHx)n, Cheltenham College, £40
for Mathematics. Exhibitions :— KB. Bellwood, Coatham Grammar
School, £30 for Natural Science: J G. Madden, Bradford Grammar
School, £30 for Mathematics; H.iL UzieUi, Marlborough, £30 for
Classics; AV. G. Gabain, Charterhoif, £30 for Classics; R. S. Thick-
nesse, Gresham's School, Uolt, £30!or Classics ; and C. Eade, Marl-
borough,^ £20 for Mathematics.

Queens'. — Foundation Scholarshipsu Classics: H. C. Stork, Merchant
Taylors' ; L. M. Da™, the City i London School ; R. L. Hardy,
Rugby (Classics with History; . FouM.tion Scholarship for Mathematics :
P. J. Edmunds. Christ's Hospital. Isrlesfield Scholarship for Classics :
J. S. Eyton, Brad Held. Hastings inhibitions: G. G. R. Hunter, St.
Bee's School for Modem Historj'. ith honorary scholarship ; S. AV.
Rawson, King Edward VII. School. Sheffield, for Classics ; L. Forbes,
Appleby School, for Classics ; W. i . Lambert, Appleby School, for
Natural Science; C. S. Holdswori. Bradford Grammar School, for
Mathematics.

Sidney Susse.r. — Scholarships : F. Ljohnson, Leeds Grammar School,
£6 1 (Mathematics) ; W. W. Coiias, St. Laurence College, £50
(Classics; ; S. T. Martin. CampbelloUege BeUast, £50 (Classics) ; W.
Buddm, St. Olave's School, £50 (Slaiematics) : F. 6. Foulds, Oundle,
£50 (Natural Sciences) ; H, F. Bal Blundell's, £40 (Oassics) ; L. W.
Berry, Wellington County School, in (Natural Sciences) ; J. H. Long-
r.gg, Highgate School, £40 (Naturai^cience). Exhibitions: J. Gluck-
stein, St. Paul's, £30 (Cla.<«ics) ; J. _ Molony, St. Peter's School, York,
£30 (History) ; G. L. WaUer, Haivbury, £30 (Classics) ; and J. C.
"W'rane-Edwards, Cheltenhain, £30 .lassies).

■W. Catharine's. — Fellowship: WjI. S. Jones, M.A., late Scholar of
.Selwyn.

St. John's. — Scholarships : P. J.Grigg, Bournemouth School, £80
(Mathematics) ; J. H. Cole, Greshajis School, Holt, £80 (Mathematics) ;
E. E. Raven, Uppingham, £80 .lassies) ; R. W. James, City of
Loudon, £80 (Natural Science) : SE. Sears, FeLsted, £60 (Classics) ;
J. B. P. Adams, Malvern, £60 (Cliucs) : F. R. Ennos, St. Olave's, £60
(Natural Science) ; S. I. Levy, Citw.f London, £60 (Natural Science) ;
y. R. Banister, Trent CoUege, £60':Hstory) ; N. B. Jopson, Merchant
iaylors', Crosby, £60 (Modern Lasuages) ; H. L. Rees, Merchant
Taylors', London, £40 (Mathematic ; W. E. Douglas, Wellingborough
Grammar School, £40 (Mathematics W. A. C. Darlington, Shrews-
l>ury, £40 iClassics) ; and J. W. T Walsh, Hampton Grammar School,
£40 (Natural Science). ExhibitioE^ F. R. AV. Hunt, University Col-
lege School, London, £30 (Mathoatics and Mechanical Sciences) ;
i. P. Cheetham, City of London, £1 .Classics) ; G. F. Lord, Tonbridge,
£30 (Classics) ; H. M. Lloyd, RwaU, £30 (Classics) ; W. L. Turner,
Aske's School, Hatcham, £30 (Nairal Science) ; A. T. Hedgecock,

Wreight's School, Faversham, £30 (Natural Science) ; and H. P.
Griffiths, Mer<;hant Taylors', £30 (Hebrew). Elected to Fellowships:
W. L. Balls. M.A. (Natural Science) ; J. A. Crowthor, B.A. (Natural
Science and Physics).

Titnity. — Major Scholarships: H. F. Jolowicz, St. Paul's (Classics) ;
A. AV. St. C. Tisdall, Bedford Grammar School (Classics) ; R. M. Wright,
Winchester (Mathematics). Minor Scholarships : J. Bumaby, Haileybury
(Classics) ; W. G. D. Butcher, Eton (Classics) ; G. K. M. Butler, Harrow
(Cla-ssics) ; J.H. Clarke, St. Paul's School (Mathematics) ; W. B. Copeland,
Rugby (History) ; H. H. George, Westminster City School (Natural
Sciences) ; G. AV. V. Hopley, Harrow (History) ; G. J. Lamb, Eastbourne
College (Mathematics) ; R. W. Prowse, Clifton (Natural Sciences) ; and
H. Townshcnd, King's School, Canterbiuy (Mathematics). Sizarships :
C. S. S. Higham, Liverpool College (History) ; J. Jackson, Glasgow
University (Mathematics) ; L. P. W. Renouf, King Edward's School,
Birmingham (Natural Sciences) ; and C. A. Stewart, Glasgow Univer-
sity (Mathematics). Exhibitions: C. M. Balfour, Charterhouse (Me-
chanical Sciences) ; F. E. Cowlin, Dulwich (Mathematics) ; K. (i.
Digby, Haileybury (Classics) ; B. S. Gossling, Whitgift School (Natural
Sciences) ; W. N. Leak, Berkhamsted School (Natural Sciences) ; M. A.
Lewis, Uppingham (History) ; R. G. M. Lias, Marlborough (Classics) ;
A. S. Marsh, Sexey's School, Bruton (Natural Sciences) ; W. G. Oucken,
New College, Harrogate (History) ; and G. C. N. Wardley, Eton
(Mathematics).

Trinity Hull. — Cressingham Essay Prize : A. H. Ardeshir. Scholar-
ships: Classics, .£40, B. D. Armstrong, St. Paul's, and C. G. Crawford,
Clifton ; Mathematics, £40, W. Budd, Dulwich ; History, £50, D. G.
Hopewell, Nottingham High School ; £40, S. A. Gibbons, Bishop's
Stortford ; Natural Science, £40, L. C. Fox, Owen's School, Islington,
and L. H. Parker, Dulwich.

Canteebuey: Kino's School. — Junior King's Scholarships: R. J. N.
Norris, D. H. G. Northcote, H. C. PowcU, R. Juckes (for Mathematics),
all of King's School. Probationer King's Scholarships: E. J. Gent
(Mr. Moseley, Gate House, Kingstfm-on-Tliames). K. C. LiUingston
(Mr. Stallard. Heddon Court, East Bainet), G. D. Watkins (Mr. MiUard,
Shrewsburj' House, Surbiton), C. S. I'ittis (Rev. G. Ewing, Bedford
House, Folkestone), P. S. Barber, Juuior King's School. Entrance
Scholarships: E. J. Gent (Mr. Moseley, Kingston-on-Thames), C. E. W.
Chapman (Mr. Chapman, Fritham House, Lyndhurst), E. F. Smart
(King's School), K. C. LilUngston (Mr. Stallard, East Bamet). HoiLse
Scholarships: D. F. Kelly (Mr. Olive Rokeby, AVimbledon), C. R.
Evershed (Mr. Molyneux, Streatham Hill, College). Heyman Scholar-
ship (open pro hac vice to all boys under 14 now being educated at the
King's School) : F. C. Gentry.

LoxDox : Royal Academty of Music. — Battison Haynes Prize for
Composition : Ethel F. Woodland, London. Hyne Prize for Composi-
tion : Francis Hutchens, New Zealand. Sainton-Dolby Prize for Con-
traltos : Mary A. Da\'ies, LlaneUy. Rutson Alemorial Prize for
Sopranos : Eugenie Ritte, London. Bonamy Dobree Prize for A'iolon-
cello : Audrey S. AA'hitaker, Palermo. Westmorland Scholar>hip for
Male Vocalists : James M. Blair, Uddington, Scotland. Potter Exhibi-
tion for Female Pianists : Helen M. Dodd, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

London : Royal College of Music. — Council Exhibitions : Rebecca
T. Clarke (Composition) ; Sidney C. Bostock, and Violet T. M. Pearce
(Violin). Dove Prize (£13): Ellen C. Edwards (Pringle Scholar), for
Pianoforte Playing.

London Univeesity. — LL.B. Honours Examination : University
Scholarship in English Law, E. L. Burgin ; University Scholarship in
Jurisprudence and Ronran Law, Ivor Jackson. Martin AVhite Scholar-
ship (£25 for 2 years), J. C. Flower. Grants of £25 from the Martin
White Scholarship Fund : Miss Emma Thomas, London School of
Economics, and M. J. Wodislawski, King's CoUege.

Oxford Univeesity. — Craven Fellowship: M. S. Thompson, B.A.,
Corpus. Craven Studentship at the British School at Athens : A. 31.
Woodward, B.A., Magdalen. John Locke Scholarship : John C. Fliigel,
B.A., BaUiol. Ireland Scholar and First Craven Scholar : Ronald A.
Knox, Scholar of BaUiol. Second Craven Scholar: Eric A. Barber,
Scholar of New CoUege. Third Craven Scholar: Leslie W. Himter,
Scholar of New CoUege. Proxime Accesserunt : Edgar Lobel, Scholar
of BaUiol, and Arnold Joseph Toynbee, Scholar of BaUiol. Distin-
guished in the Examination : Frederic C. Gearv, Scholar of Corpus
Chiisti ; Druce R. Brandt, Exhibitioner of BaUiol ; John D. Denniston,
Scholar of New College ; and Reginald M. Y. Gleadowe, Scholar of
New CoUege. Seatonian Prize : H. A. Field, Corpus. Derby Scholar-
ship : F. A. B. Newman, sometime Scholar of University CoUege.

All .So«/«.— Elected to FeUowships : Alan E. G. Hulton, Scholar of
New CoUege (Historj-) ; John G. Archibald, Rhodes Scholar, New Col-
lege (Law). . T> -«r

BaUiol. — Scholarships in Classics ; J. Cell, Marlborough ; R. M.
Barrington-Ward, Westminster ; Hon. G. W. GrenfeU, Eton, Ex-
hibitioner of BaUiol: R. Stanton, Dulwich. Major Exhibitions in
Classics: F. Whittle, St. Paul's; A. De C. Williams, Marlborough.
WiUiams Exhibitioner of BaUiol; M. R. Ridley, CUfton. WilUams
Exhibition in Classics : E. F. W. Besley, Winchester. Brackenburv-
Scholarships in Historj- : E. Ker. Rugby, and R. C. F. Dodgson, Rugby

18

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

nnd private tuition. Williams Exhibition in History : G. W. S. Hop-
kins, Marlborough. Special Exhibition in History : J. E. Todd,
Commoner of Balliol College, formerly of Edinburgh University.
Brackenbury Scholarship in Natural Science : H. W. Holmes, Man-
ihester Grammar School. Williams Exhibition in Natural Science :
AV. J. Lodge. Oundle. Scholarship in Mathematics: F. C. Quinson,
Cheltenham Grammar School. Skynner Scholarship in Mathematics :
F. L. Heywood, Wrexham County School. Honorary Scholarship in
Mathematics : S. N. Ziman, Rhodes Scholar of Balliol, formerly of
Auckland University College, New Zealand.

Iliiiseiiose. — Open" Scholarships : Arthur F. WiUmer, Birkenhead
School ; and WUliam G. N. Bower, Cheltenham. Junior Hulme
Scholarships : Neville R. Murphy, Christ's Hospital ; and John A.
Reid, Tettes. Somerset Scholarship (open pro hue vice) : J. E. Reid,
Gheltenliam.

Christ Church. — Open Scholarships in Classics: Wilfred J. Heaton,
Rugby ; Harold M. Willis, St. Paul's ; John F. L. Fison, Charterhouse.
College Exhibitions in Classics : Eraest Evans, Glasgow Univei-sity ;
Xorman E. Hardy, St. Paul's.

Corpus Christi. — Classical Scholars : P. G. Bainbrigge, Eton ; H.
Balmforth, Manchester Grammar School ; G. Dunn, Rugby ; E. W.
Evans, Marlborough ; H. I. Rayner, Tonbridge ; E. C. Smith, Dulwich
(Charles Oldham scholar). Modern History Scholar: R. H. M. Har-
vey, Manchester Grammar School.

£jr<f)-.— Open Classical Scholarships : Robert W. R. Gramshaw,
Charterhouse ; Hubert Graham, Manchester Grammar School ; and
Arthur S. R. Dodd, Christ's Hospital. Open Mathematical Scholar-
ship : Sidney C. L. Miller, Magdalen College School and private
tuition. Stapeldon Scholarship for Classics (open pro hac vice) : Hugh
Eraser, Wellington. Open Classical Exhibition : WUliam D. Barron,
Aberdeen University. Hasker Exhibition for Divinity : David S. Home,
Reading. Stapeldon Exhibition for Classics : Winthrop Pyemout,
Blundell's.

Linciihi. — Scholarship in Modern History : Ronald F. W. Fletcher,
King Alfred's School, Wantage. Exhibition in Modem History :
PhiUp H. BeUot, Bedales School, Pcter.^field. Natural Science Scholar-
ship of £80 : John G. Gilbert. Tottenham County School. Natural
Science Scholarship of £60 : Harold AV. Pierce, University College,
Bangor. Scholarships in Classics ; J. Arman, University College,
Cardiff, £80 ; R. B. Beckett, Woodbridge School, £60. Exhibitions in
Classics (£30) ; H. W. Howe, Eltham College, and J. B. Morton,
Rugby.

Magdalen. — Demyship in Natural Science: Archibald T. A. Ritchie,

Harrow. Exhibition in Natural Science : Percy Ball, Rugby. Demy-
ship in History : K. J. Campbell, Marlborough. Exhibition in History :
E. H. Crooke, Cheltenham.

Merton. — Postmastership in Mathematics : Eubule J. Waddington,
Dulwich. Exhibition in Mathematics : Harold M. Gaidner, Royal
Grammar School, Worcester.

J\>H'.— Scholarships in Classics : L. E. Atkinson, Clifton, and R. W. T.
Cox, Merchant Taj'lors'. Exhibitions in Classics: P. R. F. Tottenham,
Harrow, and W. R. Smale, Shrewsbury.

One?.— Open Scholarships: Hugh Lea GuiUebaud, Marlborough;
Frederick Grant, Fettes ; and David M. Low, AVestminster. Adam de
Brome Scholar.ship : John M. Thomson, Glenalmond and Edinburgh
University. Bible Clerkship : Thomas Brown Stowell, Merchant
Taylors', Crosby.

Trinitij. — Foundation Scholarships of £80 for Classics: R. M.Gent,
King's School, Canterbury; T. F. Higham. Clifton ; W. O. Si evens,
Dulwich : P. E. Mitchell, St. Paul's. MUlard Scholarship for Natural
Science (Chemistry) ; M. Greenwood, Bradford Grammar School. Ex-
hibition of £70 for Classics : D. C. Macgregor, George Watson's Col-
lege and Edinburgh University. Exhibition of £60 for History : E,
Hornby Sheara, Bradfield. Tylney Exhibition (for a commoner of the
College) : C. H. Masterman, lately of Winchester College. Exhibition
for a graduate of the College studying medicine : N. G. Chavasse, B.A.

J7«iir)'.v;c;/.— Scholarships : B. T. M. Hebert, Harrow ; C. S. Nason,
Christ's Hospital ; AV. H. Croomc, Wellington. Exhibitions : J. H.
Wise, Christ's Hospital.

7r,(rf/(ff»i. —Scholars : H. B. Hake, Christ's Hospital; E. B. Hosking,
Canterbury ; H. L. Hughes-Jones, Rossall ; J. G. Monteath, Edin-
burgh Academy. Woodwai'd of Dean Forest Scholar : D. Veale, Bristol
School. Exhibitioners : H. Beckett, Monmouth School ; W. E. Nichol-
son, Leeds Grammar School ; A. E. P. Sloman, Bradfield ; G. P. Higgs,
St. Edward's, Oxford.

Wellington College. — Scholarship of £50 on the Modem Side and to
the Robert Henry Wentworth Hughes' Scholarship, A. R. R. Woods
(Mr. M. Roderick, Praetoria House, Folkestone) ; Scholarship of £50,
J. C. Eppstein (Mr. P. Christopherson, Locker's Park, Hemel Hemp-
stead) ; Scholarships of £50 on the Classical side, D. A. R. Young (llr.
A. AV". W. Roberts, Langley Place, St. Leonards) ; and E. A. Simson
(Mr. P. Christopherson) ; Scholarships of £-iO on the Classical Side,
S. R. Hurst (Wellington College, late Mr. W. R. Lee, Ashdown House
Forest Row), and D. P. Gordon (Messrs. Wynne and Jenner, Hazel-
wood Park. Limpsfield).

CLERGY MUTUAL ASSURANCE SOCIETY,

3 & 3 THE SANCTUARY, WESTMINSTER, S.W.

[FOUNDED IS29.

Patrons— THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY; THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

President— THE BISHOP OP LONDON. Vice-President— THE LORD HARRIS.

Chairman— THE DEAN OF CANTERBURY. Deputy-Chairman— SIR PAGET BOWMAN, Bart.

Secretary — W. N. NEALE, Esq. Actuary and Manager — FRANK B. WYATT, Esq., F.l.A.

The Society offers the BENEFITS of MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE without personal liability on

highly favourable terms to

THE OLERGY AND THEIR RELATIVES.

ALL PROFITS BELONG TO THE MEMBERS.

Accumulated Fund, £4,351,137. Annual Income, £471,097.

Bonuses Distributed, £4,256,464.

IiOAV PREMIUMS. Notwithstanding the lowness of the

LARQE BONUSES. Prerulums charged, the BONUSES are

on an EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH SCALE.

NEW AND SPECIAL Application is Invited for the PRO-
POLICIES. SPECTUS, and Leaflets explaining two
newr Policies, with valuable Options.

1. ■WHOLE-LIFE CONVERTIBLE ASSURANCES. Very Low

Premium — about one half the usual rate — during first ten
years.

2. PENSION POLICIES. Premiums returnable with compound interest in

cjise of death or surrender before pension age. Option to commute for

KLsll.

Assurances without profits, at low rates of premium, may be effected,
and Life Annuities on favourable terms may be purchased, by any
person irrespective of any special qualification by relationship to the
Clergy,

ANNUAL PREMIUMS FOR £1,000, VTITH PROFITS.

Ag'e next
Birthday.

JEl.OOO
Payable at Death.

£1,000

Payable at Age 60
or earlier Death.

25
30
35
40

£. s. d.
20 1 8
23 3 4
26 10 0
31 1 8

£. s. d.

27 3 4
32 10 ID
40 1 8
51 5 O

Note.— Under t}u' Rt'duced Premium System (explained in Prospectus) four-
fifths only of tliese Prt-niiums need be paid, the other one-fiftfi remaining a charge
to be repaid out of Konus. .

No Agents employed and no Commission paid for the Intro-
duction of business, wrhereby £10,000 a year is saved to the
Members.

Assurances can be eflfected by direct communication
with the Office, 2 & 3 THE SANCTUARY, WESTMINSTER, S.W.

Jan. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

19

Clougft's Correspondence Colleae.

At the last A.C.P. Examination (August, 1908), Mr. ROBERT A. WRIGHT,
a Member of CLOUGH'S A.C.P. CLASS, was

THE MOST DISTINGUISHED STUDENT

on the A.C.P. List, obtaining

HONOURS IN THREE SUBJECTS.

*** New Sections are now conimeiiciiu/ for the folloivimf Examinations : —

A, C. P.

AUGUST, 1909, and DECEMBER, 1909.

SENIOR LOCALS,

OXFORD— March and July, 1909.

CAMBRIDGE— Juhj and Dec, 1909.

MATRICULATION.

JUNE, 1909, SEPTEMBER, 1909, JANUARY, 1910.

For full particulars of an}' of Clough's Classes— P. T., Preliminary Certificate, Certificate, A.C.P., Oxford and Cambridge Locals, Matriculation-
write at once to : —

THE SECRETARY, CLOUGH'S CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE, Temple Chambers, London, E.C.

SOME NEW BOOKS FOR THE NEW TERM

EXAMPLES IN ELEMENTARY MECHAN-
ICS, Practical. Graphical, and Tlieoretlcal. By W. J.

DoBP.s, M.A., Author of "Elementary Statics." Witli 52 Dia-
grams. Crown Svo, 5s. ' [Te:i:t-hooks of Science.
This bnok is intend.'rt Inr \isp at Schools .iml Technical Institutes, for Army and
N.nvy Can.liihites. ,'mi.I Studfiils iif EnRineerinf;. It consists of some MOO e.va'inples

in Klonn-ntary StatiL-s and fvuu-lics.

OUTLINES OP PHYSICAL CHEiMISTRY.

By GnoKCE Sextee, D.Sc. (Loud.), Ph.D.. Lecturer in Chemistry
at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School With many Diagrams.
Crown Svo, 3s. 6d. [Text-books of Science.

This book is designed to serve as a general introduction to Physical Chemistry.

FIRST YE A.R PdYSICS. By C. E. .Iacksok, M.A.,

Senior Physics Master, Bradford Grammar School. With 51 Dia-
grams. Crown 8vo, Is. 6d. [Text-books of Science.

AN ORGA.NIC CHbiMISTRY for Schools and

Technical Institutes. By A. E. Dukstan, B.Sc. (Lond.),

P.C.S., East Ham Technical College. With many Illustrations.

Crown Svo, 2s. 6d. [Text-books of Science.

This book is intended lor the use of the higher forms of scliools taking the Special

Science Course, and as a tir-st jear book in Technical Institutes.

A JUNIOR LATIN PROSE. By H. K Asman,

M.A., B.D., Second Master at Owen's School, Islington. Crown

Svo, 2s. 6d. [Junior School Books.

It contains an explanation of, and exercises on, the chief rules of S.yntax, with

special attention to points which cause difflculty to boys, and concludes with exercises

in Continuous Prose. Vocabularies are included.

ELEMENTARY LA.TIN: Being a First Year's
Course. By F. .T. Teeey, B.A., Assistant Master at Preston House
School, East Grinstead. Crown Svo, Pupils' Edition, 2s.; Masters'
Edition, containing the necessary supplementary matter to Pupils'
Edition, 3s. 6d. net.
This work is divided into thirty units—ten for each school term. The text and

exercises are carefully graduated, and are separated from the instruction in grammar,

which is based on stem formation only. Pniiils construct their own gi-ammars and

dictionaries.

JUNIOR ENGLISH. By F. .T. Rahtz, M.A., B.Sc,

Lecturer in English at the Merchant Venturers' Technical College,

Bristol. Crown Svo, Is. 6d.
This book is intended for the Lower Forms of Secondary Schools. It deals with
grammar, the construction of phrase and sentence, analysis, parsing, expansion,
condensation, composition, and pai-aph rasing, and many other exercises in tlie use of
English. The questions and exerc'

5 are numerous and varied.

A HISTORY OP GREAT BHITATN: Prom

the Coming of the Angles to the year 1870. By E. M.

WiLMOT-BuxTOX, Author of '• Makers of Europe." With 20 Maps.
Crown Svo, 3s. 6d.

ENGLISH LIPE 300 YEARS AGO: Being the

first two chapters of Mr. G. M. Trevelyan's "England under the
Stuarts." Edited by J. Tubeal, B.A., Head Master of the Black-
pool Secondary School. Crown Svo, Is.
A welcome and useful addition to the prose books in English Literature for Middle
and Upper Forms of Secondary Schools.

A SHORT HISTORY OP GREECE, to tlie

Death of Alexander the Great. By Walter S. Hett,
B.A., Assistant Master at Brighton College, and formerly Scholar
at Wadham College, Oxford. With many Maps. 3s. 6d.
This book is intended for the use of students reading for the Oxford and Cambridge
Higher Certificate, and as an introduction to a wider study of the subject.

A PRELIMINARY GEOMETRY. By Noel S.

Lydon, Owen's School, Islington, .\uthor of "A Junior Geometry."
With 159 Diagrams. Crown Svo, Is.
The " Preliminary Geometry " is intended for the use of beginners.

A KEY TO BOTTING'S JUNIOR LATIN

EXAMINATION PAPERS. Compiled by H. T. Facon,
B.A., Head blaster of Waverley School, Nottingham. Crown Svo,
3s. 6d. net. ^Junior Examination Series.

S®"* Please write for particulars of all Messrs. Methuen's New Educational Books.

METHUEN «S COMPANY. 36 ESSEX STREET, LONDON, W.C.

20

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

Cambridge University Press

ENGLISH LITERATURE FOR SCHOOLS

In order to meet the demand for works of EnglisH writers edited for school use,
the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press have arranged to publish a series
of reading books for the upper and middle forms of Secondary Schools. The
books are printed in a bold, clear type, and are strongly bound in cloth boards.
'Ihe followino- are the titles of the first six volumes : —

Daniel Defoe. Memoirs of a Cava-
lier. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, hy Elizabeth
O'Neill. Is. 4d.

Captain John Smith. True Travels,

Adventures, and Observations in Europe, Asia, Africa,
and America ; and The General History of Virginia, New EngUmd,
and the Summer Isles, Books I. -III. Edited, with Introduction
and Notes, hy E. A. Bknians, M.A., Fellow of St. -lohn's College,
Cambridge. Is. 4d.

William Cobbett. Rural Rides. Se-
lected and Edited by J. H. Lobb.vn, M.A., Lecturer in English
Literature, Birkbeck College, London. Is. Id.

William Hazlitt.

Characters of

Shakespeare's Plays. Edited, with Introduction and
Notes, by J. H. Lobban, M.A., Lecturer in English Literature,
Birkbeck College, London. Is. 4d.

North's Translation of Plutarch's

Lives, Selections from. Edited by P. Giles, M.A., Fellow of
Emmanuel College, Cambridge. [Ready immediately.

Sir Walter Scott.

Grandfather, Selections from.

Tales of a

Edited by P. Giuia, M.A.
[^Ready Immediately.

Several more volumes are in active preparation at prices ranging from Is. to
Is. 6d.

Applications from teachers for specimen copies should be addressed to
Mr. C. F. Clay, Manager, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Fetter Lane,
London, with a statement as to the number of copies likely to be required if the
books are adopted for school use.

CAMBRIDGE COUNTY GEOGRAPHIES

General Editor: F. H. H. QUILLEMARD, M.A., M.D.

Ready early in January. With Maps, Diagrams, and Illustrations. Price Is. 6d. eacli

Kent. By Geouge F. Bosworth, F.R.G.S. Norfolk. By W. A. Dutt

Surrey. By Geoege F. Bosworth, F.R.G.S.
Essex. By Geokge F. Bosworth, F.R.G.S.

Suffolk. By W. A. Dutt.

{Oilier volumes are in preparation.)

Elementary Algebra. By C. H. French,

M.A., and G. Osbokn, M.A., Mathematical Masters at the Leys

School, Cambridge.

This book includes Common Logarithms and the Binomial
Theorem for a Positive Integral Index, so that it covers the
irround of all school examinations not requiring a special
Crown 8vo knowledge of the subject. It is amplj; sufficient for such

4s. 6cl. examinations as the London Matriculation, the Cambridge

Previous, the ordinary passwork of the Higher Certificate
Examination of the Oxford and Cambridge Board, the Oxford
and Cambridge Locals, and others of similar standard.

Algebra for Secondary Schools. By

Charles Davison, Sc.D., Mathematical Master at King Edward's

High School, Birmingham.

" Dr. Davison's book covers the ground up to and including
the exponential and logarithmic series. The work is very
P,^ „ thoroiigh, the examples plentiful, and the matter well ar-

v;rownovo ranged. . .'. The textbook strikes us as being a thoroughly

•^ satisfactory one, and we are specially glad to note the place

taken by graphs as an illustmtion and not an end in them-
selves."— Journal of Education.

Plane Geometry for Secondary

Schools. By Chahles Davison, Sc.D., and C. ii. Kichakds,
M.A., Mathematical Masters at King Edward's High School,
Birmingham.

This book may now be obtained in four separate parts, cor-
responding to the four main divisions of the work :
Book I.— Triangles and Parallelogi-ams.
Book II.— Areas.
Crown 8vo Book III.— The Circle.

4s. Book IV.— Proportion applied to Geometrical Magnitudes.

n,. i„ " The plan of the present volume is good. Whilst the leading

Pniir P?rt<! propositions appear in the form of bookwork, oi hers scarcely less

i' p^^l important are discussed as worked riders. A full complement

of exercises for individual practice in original solution is, more-
over, included, the questions being sometimes set as exercises on
special propositions, and sometimes classed together as miscel-
laneous problems and theorems." — Educatioual Times.

Inorganic Chemistry. By E. I. Lewis,

B.A., B.Sc, Assistant Master at Oundle School,

" A decidedly original work, very superior to the avei-age
lexl liciiik used in schools, especially m throwing light on general
Demv Rvii \n\\wi\,W^."—School World.

i-' "This should be a satis.actory course for boys in the middle

" forms of a public school. The procedure is logical, and the ex-

periments are made practicable by a liberal use of diagrams." —
Cambridge Review,

London, Fetter Lane: Cambridge University Press Warehouse. C. F. Clay, Manager.

Jan, 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

21

NEW AND IMPORTANT
TEXT-BOOKS.

PRIirCIPLES AND IffETHODS OF PHYSICAI.
EDUCATION AND HYGIENE. Bj- W. P.

Welpton, B.Sc. Witli a Short Sketch of the History
of Physical Education by J. Welton, M.A., Professor of
Education in the University of Leeds. 4s. 6d.

'"There is a sootl historical survey of the subject, and the book is well planned
and thought oiit."^MoniiHff Post.

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING.

By ,).\MES Welton, M.A., Professor of Education in the
University of Leeds. 4s. 6d.

■' An eminently practical book on i(.':\Qhmi:."~CambriJr/e Review.

SCHOOL HYGIENE. By R. A. Lysteu, M.B., B.Sc,
D.P.H. Second Edition. Containing- a new chapter on
the Organization of Medical Inspection in Schools.
3s. 6d.

" The author has succeeded in giving an adequate account of what a t^achf^r
ought to know about school hygiene. The book may be confidentlv recommended."
—Public Health.

VOICE TRAINING IN SPEECH AND SONG. By

H. H. HuLbEKT, M.A. Oxon., il.R.C.S., L.R.C P.,
Lecturer on Voice Production at the London County
Council Day Training College. Is. 6d.
"Dr. Hulbert speaks with authority on this subject of vital importance to

teachers. It will pay any teacher to get this book and read it carefully."— »ScAoo?-

master.

PLANT BIOLOGY. A Modern Course of Elementary
Botany. By F. Cateks, D.Sc. Lond., P.L.S., A R.C.S.
3s. 6d.

" The freshness of treatment, the provision of exact instruction for practical
.work really worth doing, and the consistent recognition that a plant is a living
thing, «hould secure for Professor Cavers's book an instant welcome."— Sc/iooi
World.

LIFE HISTORIES OF COMMON PLANTS. A Text-
Book: for Beginners based on the Study of Types. By
P. CwERS, D.Sc. 3s.

" This excellent manual supplies a long-felt want to the Nature Study teacher ;
the chapter on the most important subject o' Plant Ecology is quite the best exposi-
tion of the subject we have yet seen."'~^choolmaster.

A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY. Including Angiosperms,
Vascular Cryptogams and Flowering Plants, and the
Lower Cryptogams. By J. M. LowsoN, M.A., B.Sc,
F.L.S. Fourth Edition. 6s. 6d.

"It is abundantly evident that Mr. Lowson is an accomplished teacher. The
book is well and clearly printed, and also profusely illustrated."— A«otri(?rfae.

GROUNDWORK OF ENGLISH HISTORY. By M. E.

Cari'ei:, H(_inour School of Modern History, Oxford. 2s.
" Any student in search ol the best bird's-e.ve view of English history will turn to
' The Tutorial Series ' in the natural order of search, and will here find his reward."
— School Guardian.

TEXT-BOOK OF GEOGRAPHY. By Gr. Cecil Fry,
M.Sc, F.I.C. For University Entrance Examinations
and the Upper Forms in Schools. 4s. 6d.

THE NEW MATRICULATION HEAT.— THE NEW
MATRICULATION LIGHT.— THE NEW MAT-
RICULATION SOUND. By R. W. Stewakt, D.Sc.
In Three Volumes, 2s. 6d. each.
These volumes provide a complete seliool course of coordinated theoretical and

practical work in Piiysics.

AN INTRODUCTORY COURSE OF CHEMISTRY.

A Text-Book for Beginners, written on modern lines.
By H. W. Bausor, MA., late Scholar of Clare College,
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inniverslti? tutorial press, Xb.,

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be forwarded post free.)

CURRENT EVENTS.

The Half-yearly General Meeting of the
Fixtures. members of the College of Preceptors will
take place on Saturday, January 23.

*
Me. W. Williams, F.L.S. , will address the School Nature-
Study Union on " School Gardens, their Nature and Manage-
ment," at the College of Preceptors on January 29, at
7.45 p.m. All interested in the work of the Union are
cordially invited.

* *

The Annual Meetings of the Assistant Masters' Associa-
tion will be held on January 6-8 at St. Paul's School, West
Kensing'ton, W.

* *
*

The third Annual Meeting of the Historical Association

will be held at University College, London, on January 8

(6 p.m.) and 9 (10.30 a.m.). Particulars from Miss M. B.

Curran, 6 South Square, Gi'ay's Inn, W.C.

-*
The Annual General Meeting of the English Association
will be held at University College, London, on January 15
and 16. Particulars from the Seci-etary, S Momington
Avenue Mansions, W.

* *

The Modern Language Association will hold its annual
meeting at Oxford on January 11-13.

* *
*

The Long Vacation Course in Practical Physics at Cam-
bridge for assistant masters in secondary schools will be
held again in August next. Apply to the Secretary of the
Association, 31 Great James Street, W.C.

-* *
*

Dr. F. H. Hayward will deliver a course of three lectures

on " Problems of Education and Heredity," at South Place

Institute, on January 19 and 26, and February 2, at 8 p.m.

Tickets at the Institute or from Miss M. Pitts, 9 Clarence

Road, Wood Green, N.

„ The University of Dublin has conferred the

honorary degree of D.D. upon the Dean of

Westminster ; the honorary degi-ee of LL.D. upon Sir Robert

Hart ; and the honorary degree of Litt.D. upon Mr. Justice

Madden (Vice-Chancellor).

* *
*

The University of Berne has conferred the honorary degi-ee

of Ph D. upon the Rev. W. A. B. Coolidge, M.A., Fellow of

Magdalen College, Oxford, in recognition of the value of his

many works on Swiss history and geography.

* -*
*

Dr. James John Hornby, D.D., Provost of Eton, formerly

Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford, has been

I elected an honorarv Fellow of the College.

22

THE EDUCATIO.NAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

The Rev. Thomas R. R. Stehbing, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S.,
Gold Medallist of the Linna^an Society, formerly Fellow and
Tutor of Worcester College, Oxford, lias been elected an
honorary Fellow of the College.

Certain Goldsmiths' exhibitions will
Scholarships and soon be vacant. Examination, April 28,
29. Particulirs from Sir Walter S.
Prideaux, Goldsmiths' Hall, B.C.

Prizes.

An e.^amination will be held at Pembroke College, Oxford,
and at Elizabeth College, Guernsey, on Pebiuary 10, 1909,
for one scholarship of £100 a year and one exhibition of not
less than £50 a year, at E.xeter College ; one scholarship of
£100 a year, and one exhibition of not less than £50 a year,
at Jesus College ; two scholarships of £80 a year, and one
exhibition of at least £60 a year, at Pembroke College. No
limit of age. Candidates must have been born in Jersey, or
in Guernsey, or in one of the adjacent islands, or educated
for two out of three years last pi-eceding the election at Vic-
toria College, Jersey, or at Elizabeth College, Guernsey.
Apply to the Rector of Exeter College, by January 10.

*
Sn Stewart of Rannooh Scholarships, £25 each for three
years, will be offered at Cambridge in May next : two for
Hebrew, two for Greek and Latiu, and two for Sacred
Music, open to natives of the counties of Wilts, Somei-set,
and Gloucester, including the city and county of Bristol.
Two Open Scholarships for Hebrew, and one Open Scholar-
ship for Sacred Music, will also be offered.

The Combe Trustees have made a further
n owmen s an n^i.^nt of £400 for the purchase of ap-
Benetactious. » . . Ki ij ry

paratus in connexion witli the George

Combe Lectureship in General and Experimental Psj'cho-
logj in Edinburgh University.

Oxford Convocation has accepted the annual Scholarship
for Rural Economy offered by the Surveyors' Institute.

* *

*

A PLOT of ground (30 acres), lying immediately to the
south-west of Shotover Plain, has been presented by a
number of subscribers to the University of O.xford for
public use.

* *

The delegates of the Common University Fund, Oxford,
have voted a grant of £450 a year for seven years to provide
for advanced history teaching. It is intended to organize a
two years' course for students, either for research work or

for the degree of B.Litt.

* *

The Pelham Memorial Fund (about £1,100) is to be applied
to the maintenance of a Henry Pelham Studentship, tenable
at the Oxford School at Rome under conditions similar to
those attaching to the studentship already tenable by Oxford
men at the British School at Athens.

Dr. Arthur J. Evans has presented to the Ashmolean
Museum his father's (Sir John Evans's) collection of Anglo-
Saxon jewellery and other relics, together with a comparative
series illustrating the early Teutonic art of the Continent.
# #

It is proposed to devote the income of a fund collected by
scientific friends of the Chancellor of Cambridge University

to " Rayleigh Prizes," augmenting and supplementing the
" Smith's Prizes."

In connexion with the movement promoted by the Royal
Geographical Society for the development of the Department
of Geography at the London School of Economics, the fol-
lowing grants have been made : — The Mercers' Company,
£210 ; the Goldsmiths' Company, £500 ; the Skinners'
Company, £100.

*

Me. W. H. Lever, M.P., has made an offer to the School
of Architecture, Liverpool University, to enable it to under-
take a systematic study of town planning, including all
architectural aspects of civic design ; £300 for a Commission
to collect information abroad, and £500 to £1,000 a year for
three years for continued research and instruction.

* *
*

The Institution of Gas Engineers has decided to endow a

Chair of Fuel and Gas Engineering in the University of

Leeds, in memory of the late Sir George Livesey.

« *
*

Me. William Knox, g-rain merchant, recentlj' left to the

University of Aberdeen £5,000 for scholarships in Arts,

Divinity, and Medicine. The Arts Scholarship, over £60 a

year, will go to the best student graduating in double

honours.

* *
*

Through the kind offices of the French Ministry of Public
Instruction, the Board of Education have received from
certain French publishers a very considerable number of
educational books which were exhibited in the French
Education Section of the Franco-British Exhibition. The
firms which have co-operated in making this generous and
valuable gift to the Board's Library are : Belin Freres,
Librairie Armand Colin, Edouaid Coruelj' et Cie., Librairie
Ch. Delagrave. Delalaiii Freres. Hachette et Cie., Masson
et Cie., H. Paulin et Cie.

* *
*

The Rev. J. M. Gordo.n, Redhill, Surrey, has presented a
further collection of minerals, some of them unique speci-
mens, to the Geological Department of the University of

Aberdeen.

* *

Mr. Chindbhai Madhowlal has given four lakhs of rupees
(say, £25,000) to be applied by the Bombay Government
towards the development of .science teaching in Ahmedabad,
in connexion, if possible, with the proposed Curline Institute
in Bombay.

M. E. Fannieee, L.-es-L., Lecturer in
Appointments French, University College, Nottingham,
and Vacancies. has been appointed Additional Lecturer
in French at the Taylor Institution, Oxford,
lu order to provide additional lectures for students read-
ing for the Final Honour School in French, the curators have
appointed M. Julien Jacques Champenois, Lic.-es-L., Lic.-en-
Droit, Agrege de 1 Universite de Paris, M.A. Edinburgh, to
lecture on French Literature.

* *
#

The Earl op Derby has been elected Chancellor of the

University of Liverpool, in place of his late father.

*
Dit. Walsh, the R.C. Archbishop of Dublin, has been
elected Chancellor of the National University of Ireland.

* *
*

The Rev. George Edmundson, M.A., D.Litt., formerly

Jan. 1, 1909.1

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

23

Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose, has been appointed Ford
Lecturer for 1910.

» «
*

The Rev. James Poundek Whitney, B.D. Cantab., formerly
Principal of tlie University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville,
Canada, has been appointed Professor of Ecclesiastical His-
tory at King's College, London.

* *
*

Mr. D. G. Hogarth, M.A., Fellow of Magdalen College,

Oxford, has been nominated Keeper of the Ashmolean

Museum and the Antiquarium, in room of Dr. Ai-thur J.

Evans, resigned.

* *
*

The Keepership of the Archives of Oxford University is
vacant by the death of the Rev. Thomas V. Bayne.

* *
*

Prof. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Zoology
in the University of Cambridge, has been appointed Pro-
fessor of Zoology at the Imperial College of Science and
Technology at South Kensington.

* *
*

Prof. Hillhouse, M.A., F.L.S., will retire from the Chair
of Botany in the University of Birmingham, at the end of the
present session.

* «
*

Dr. Ernest de Selincouet, Lecturer in Modern English
Literature in the University of Oxford, has been appointed
to the Chair of English Language and Literature in Birming-
ham University, in succession to the late Prof. Chui'ton

Collins.

« *
*

Dk. Cecil H. Desch, D.Sc. Lond.. Ph.D. Wiii-z., formerly
Research Assistant in Metallurgy, King's College, London,
has been appointed Graham Young Lecturer in Metallurgical
Chemistry in Glasgow University.

* *
*

Dr. George Macdonald, M.A., LL.D., has been appointed

Dalrymple Lecturer in Archseology in the University of

Glasgow for 1909.

* *
*

Dk. a. Peakce HiGGiNS, Lecturer of Clare College, Cam-
bridge, has been appointed Lecturer in Public International
Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science
(University of London), in succession to Prof. Oppenheim.

* #
*

Mr. WiLLL-iM Evans Hoyle, M.A., D.Sc, Director of the

Manchester Aluseum, has been appointed Director of the

National Museum of Wales.

Mr. a. R. Skemp, M.A. Mane, Ph.D. Strass., Lektor in
English in Strassburg University, has been appointed Lec-
turer in English in the University of Sheffield.
« *

Mr. John Duncan Mackie, B. A. Oxon., has been appointed
Lecturer in Modern History in St. Andrews Univei'sity.

* *
*

Prof. R. C. MacLaurin, Pi'ofessor of Mathematical Physics
in Columbia University, and previously Professor of Mathe-
matics in the University of New Zealand, has accepted the
Presidency of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

* *
*

A Lecturer in Geography (for one yeai-) is required by

the St. Andrews Provincial Committee for the Training of

Teachers. £200. Apply to James Malloch, Esq., 77 North

Street, St. Andrews.

An Assistant in Invertebrate Zoology is required for the
Free Public Museum, Liverpool. £150, commencing. Par-
ticulars from Director.

« *

A Principal (graduate, with expei-ience in the training of
teachers) is required for the Day Training College, Dudley.
£500. Apply to J. M. Wynne, Esq., Town Hall, Dudley.

* *

Miss Wordsworth will resign the Principalship of Lady
Jilargaret's Hall, Oxford, at the end of the current academic
year.

Mr. Charles Henry Tyler, B. A. Cantab., assistant master,
Rossall School, has been appointed Head Master of Cran-
leigh School, in succession to the Rev. Dr. Allen, retired.

Mr. J. Evans, M.A., has been appointed Head Master of
Sir W. Judd's School, Tonbridge.

* *
*

Mr. a. S. Lamprey, B.A., late Scholar of Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge, assistant master at Maidstone Grammar
School, has been apjaointed Head Master of Ashford Gram-
mar School, Kent.

« *

Mr. Thomas Hay, M.A. Cantab., B.Sc. Lond., P.C.P., Head
Master of Midhurst Grammar School, has been appointed
Head Master of Chelmsford Grammar School.

Mr. E. S. Hayward has been appointed Head Master of

Wallrngford Grammar School.

* *
*

Mr. B. M. Narbeth, B.Sc. Wales, Lecturer in Physics at
the Technical Institute, Swindon, has been appointed Prin-
cipal of the Technical Institute, Durban.

The Rev. Julian Ll. Dove, M.A. Cantab., second master,
Dui'ham School, has been appointed Head Master of the
Collegiate School, Whangauui, N.Z.

A VOLUME on the Post-Augustan Poets, by

Item'l^'"^ Mr. H. E. Butler, Fellow of New College,

Oxford, will be issued by the Clarendon Press

early this year. Mr. Nowell Smith's volume on the earlier

Latin Poets, including the Augustans, which was announced

several years ago, will, it is hoped, also appear during 1909.

* #

The third volume of the " Cambridge History of English
Literature" (Renascence and Reformation) may be expected
early in the year.

* *
*

Messrs. Withekuy & Co. announce, for January 1, the
publication of 'Travel and Exploration — a new monthly maga-
zine devoted to travel in ail its aspects (Is. net). It is to be
popular in form, substantial in matter, and copiously illus-
trated.

Letters 'patent, bearing date December 2
General. have passed the Great Seal of Ireland, con-
stituting and founding a University having its
seat in Dublin, under the name of the National University
of Ireland, and a University having its seat in Belfast,
under the name of the Queen's University of Belfast.

* *
*

A scheme has been started, and is under consideration

by an influential committee of Oxford and Cambridge men,

24

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

for the promotion of a University in China. " The main
purpose is to attract into better channels the intellect of the
more thoughtful and broad-minded Chinese of the rising
generation, which is in danger of being diverted into anar-
cliism .ind irreligion. It is believed that this may be best
effected by setting before the youtli of China the ideas and
inspiration of Western learning."

* #
#

The University of Liverpool, following Manchester and
Birmingham, has established the degree of Bachelor of Com-
mercial Science.

* *

It is proposed to provide a college at Barry for the recep-
tion of 120 Glamorgan male students and .30 Monmouthshire
male students, and at Caerleon for 60 Glamorgan female
students and 40 Monmouthshire female students.

OPEN COURT.

Thay haif said . . .

Quhat say thay ? — Lat tliaine say j

A BUDGET OF CONTEOVEBSIES :

MAINLY OVER MORAL EDUCATION.

By Dr. F. H. Haywaed.

The more one dabbles or flounders in educational theory the
more one realizes that the problems of sociology and psychology
must be defined and, in a measure, solved before we can expect
anything like intelligent and continuous advance. But the pros-
pect is not cheerful. At the present moment, for example, we
iind in works such as " New Worlds for Old," by Mr. H. G. Wells,
and " The Principles of Heredity," by Dr. Archdall Reid, the
expression of a view of human progress in large measure oppo-
site to that held by the advocates of " Eugenics " ; the stress in
the one case is on the potencies and possibilities that lie latent
in stimulating ideas ; the stress in the other case is on the
hereditary potencies and possibilities (for good or evil) of the
germ-plasm. The former view links on naturally witli proposals
for making the school-teacher more directly and explicitly than
at present a moral instructor — an exponent of lucid, arrestive,
alluring, perhaps far-reaching ideas; the latter view links on to
the more conventional advocacy of " training" methods. Very
probably the pedagogical question can best Ije approached from
the sociological, biological, and psychological side ; and for that
reason, had I the time to spare, 1 would spend twenty continuous
years in sociological study before putting a pen to paper again.

But twenty years of study, unremunerated though assiduous,
are more than most of us can afford. And, even if we could
afford it, and came forth in the end scientiflcan3- equipped for
every pedagogical battle, the old controversies would meanwhile
have been going on, new books and new articles would have been
issued, new lights would have risen above the horizon, and per-
liaps the long looked for and badly needed educational projihet
would have appeared and rendered our years of study super-
fluous. One is driven, therefore, to state one's present conclu-
sions despite the conviction that wider knowledge will probably
modify them.

On a good many f[uestions vital to educational progress I want
help, and it is in the capacity of a seeker that I write these
words. Fresh from the Moral Education Congress, from books
like Mr. Keatinge's " Suggestion in Education," and from an
attempt to grapple with the dogma of " formal " or " faculty
training," I propose to set down a few of my own thoughts and
to propound a few interrogatories.

1. Mr. Keatinge and "the Herbaetians."
I appreciate Mr. Keatinge's book, " Suggestion in Education."
It is helpful, hopeful, constructive, stimulating. It is, on the
whole, singularly free from conventional phrases. The rich vein
in which the author is at work is a promising one, which will
last for many a lifetime and will grow broader as he and others
follow it up — not ending, as so many educational veins do, in
valueless dirt and flinty rock. When he speaks of the teacher
as being a " creator of mind " in the process of manipiilating
ffcnd organizing (the pupil's) " mental elements " ; as being a

true producer of " mental energy " ; as being one who " builda an
ideal construction in boys" minds," which construction "exercises
a control on conduct," Mr. Keatinge is on the side of the angels.
Such language sends a thrill through every teacher who is not
yet fossilized.

But then these phrases abotit creating mind and producing
energy are the phrases used by Herbartians. In 1905 I said in
a little pamphlet : " We have to realize, with Herbart, that there
is a primal vitality, a creative power, a transforming energy, in
ideas." I think I took the notion from Wundt and at second-
hand. Again, when Mr. Keatinge attacks snippets (page 5d), and
formal training (page 67), and the faculty doctrine (page 107),
and praises humanistic subjects because by means of them
" moral ideas can be introduced" (pages lGO-1), he is on our side
or we on his.

These, however, are broad and untechnical issues. There are
other things in Mr. Keatinge's treatment which come under
another category. There is an adoption, it seems to me, of
Herbartian psychology — or the language of Herbartian psycho-
logy— even to its minor details.

Now, for my own part, I am an Herbartian only in a vague
sense. The intimate relationship between instruction (or some
equivalent of instruction), apperception, interest, and character
is all the Herbartianism for which I care, and it is quite inde-
pendent of any Herbartian psj'chology. I have rarely employed
Herbart's metaphors about " contrary ideas," " fusion of ideas,"
and the rest. But Mr. Keatinge has deliberately and elaboratelj-
done this. He endows ideas with "energy" and "intrinsic
virility," which "energy" or "virility" is reduced to " inert-
ness " or " latency " when ideas pass beyond the " margin."
He speaks of ideas " blocking " or " obstructing " or " checking "
each other, " competing " with each other or " impinging " on
each other from difl'erent sides of the " blocked point. ' He speaks
of ideas " sinking" and "shooting up," forming "great masses"
or " groups of ideas," and " setting the mechanism in motion."
He speaks of " systems of ideas," of ideas " filling the centre of
consciousness," of " centre points for idea systems," of " small
idea systems left to float," of " meaning being imposed upon
new ideas," and he goes a length from which most Herbartians
would shrink when he speaks of " ideas that will produce in-
terests."

I have never in my life employed the minute terminology of
Herbartianism in this wholesale way, I have shrunk from it as
too fatally complete and too repulsively technical. I have, in-
deed, done little more — as Mr. Keatinge says — than " coquette "
with this " outworn psychology." I did not know that so des-
perate a flirt as Mr. Keatinge was already in the field ruthlessly
cutting me out, or I might have " coquetted " more adven-
turously. The truth is that I have felt all the time that the
goddess was a trifle faded, though beautiful yet in spots ; so I
have timidly apologized for her perhaps, sometimes going even
so tar as to utter a warm word of chivalrous appreciation.
But never has my admiration been so whole-hearted as Mr. Keat-
inge's. He calls her " outworn " ; but, with all her faults of age
and temper, he loves her still — every inch of her.

Banter apart, I would ask whether Mr. Keatinge's extensive
employment of even the miimte terminology of Herbartian
psychology does not prove the usefulness, convincingness, or at
least the immense plausibility of that terminology P I can draw
no other inference. I am glad he uses it. I believe he uses it
because he sees that, though it explains nothing ultimately, it
brings us closer up to explanation than the terminology of the
" faculty " psychology. Heterodox and half-hearted myself, I
therefore welcome him as leader of the straiter sect of the Her-
bartians ; and, as my hand meets liis, I offer a suggestion that
may serve to fill up a serious gap in his own teaching.

2. " CONTRARIANT IdE.VS."

I refer to the mystery that surrounds his " contrariant ideas."
Now Herbart talked of "contrary ideas," and described them as
"checking" each other. Mr. Keatinge has noticed a similar
phenomenon in moral education. Direct attempts to deal with
moral questions at school awaken " contrariant " ideas in the
bosoms of schoolboys.

Now what is the origin of these ideas ? Mr. Keatinge hints at
" boredom," and I frankly concede that, if teachers ai-e bores
and dufl'ers, they will awaken " conti'ariant ideas " not oidy in
the course of moi'al instruction, but in the course of geography
and every other subject. Mr. Keatinge's experience of teachers
seems to have been unfortunate ; moral instruction consists of
" assaults on a boy's moral standard," " attacks upon his code of

Jan. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

25

morals." I admit the whole case for '" contrariance " it' our
teachers are of this breed; ueglectful in allowing a bad code of
morals to grow up under their noses, arbitrary and tactless in
"assaulting" it. The head master's minatory address in "The
Hill," or an exhortation of a still cruder kind, seems the only
type of " direct moral instruction " of which secondary mastei's
have any conception.

This matter is vital to an understanding of what is intended
by the advocates of moral instruction. If opponents will insist
on retaining in their minds either a picture of Miss Montflathers
IniUying little Nell, or of some grotesque pedagogue of their own
acquaintance (or imagination) falling into a fury at a boyish
freak or at some youthful defiance of rules, all hope of con-
vincing them is vain ; they are hopelessly biased and unimagina-
tive, "inaccessible," as Matthew Arnold said, "to ideas," living
examples of the truth underlying Bernard Shaw's taunt "that
every man over forty is a scoundrel."

Moral instruction implies (for its advocates) appeal to the per-
sonality, the conscience, the reason, the idealism of the youth.
For my part, I do not believe for a moment that stories of
heroism or effort, told or read to a class and accompanied by a
few words of frank and rational discussion, will awaken con-
trariant ideas at all ; they will rather awaken " similar ideas,"
" apperceiving ideas " — provided the pi-evious experience and
education of the child has not been gravely at fault. I know little
except by hearsay of the typical public-school boy, but I know
something of pupil-teachers, and I have generally found them
responsive to the discussion of serious topics of morals or politics.
My belief is — and I -find it confirmed by such authorities as
Dr. Stanley Hall and his disciple. Dr. J. W. Slaughter — that
adolescence is " the golden age of adult influence, provided it is
wise enough not to offend." The years when conscience, reason,
and personality are developing by leaps and bounds are pre-
cisely the plastic years when — I will not say direct moral
"instruction ' if the last word is offensive, but — direct moral
elucidation, illumination, suggestion, or something of this kind
will be specially craved and assimilated. But, I I'epeat, if the
instruction is of the kind described by Mr. Keatinge (" attacks,"
" assaults," &c.) it will certainly be worse than ineifective.

Our critics seem hard to please. " Assaults upon a boy'n
moral standards " they regard at one moment as likely to awaken
" contrariant ideas." We agree. Such methods are peculiarly I
reprehensible. The teacher should, in adolescence more particu- '
larlj, appeal to the j'outh's reason, conscience, and personality. '
But this will not please our critics either. There should be no
" reasoning " about morals, no abstract or general treatment
of such weighty themes : the teacher should deal with them
" incidentally," " as occasion serves " — in other words, " when
some offence has been committed." Thus, we are back again at
" assaults upon a boy's moral standards."

But this "contrariance" question needs further discussion.
I admit "contrariance." I thank Mr. Keatinge for teaching me
that word, and presently I will do something which he himself has
not done — namely, give an explanation of the phenomenon. But,
first, I distinguish pseudo-contrariance from real.

Contrariant passions are not, I tliiiik, directly intended by
Mr. Keatinge. His contribution to educational terminology would
be a small one if he were but emphasizing the fact that there is
a good deal of the animal in us yet. Nor are contrariant liahits
his theme. Passion and habit are serious questions for all of
us, and there is no need of a new treatise to convince us of the
fact. And let me add here that I think opponents of moral in-
struction have been dwelling too much on the one or two graver
problems of moral education, where acute temptation is almost
inevitable ; while supporters of moral instruction have been
thinking more of social and civic duties, in performing which
temptation need scarcely assail at all, and to which, once we
haye seen (or apperceived) them, we may say

Nor know we anything ao fair
As is the smile upon thy face.

The distinction is important. Our opponents are thinking of a
few conventional virtues (Mr. Paton's list rarely goes beyond
diligence, thoroughness, truthfulness, honesty, and purity).
We, too, are thinking of these ; but we think of others also — of
some only just rising above the moral horizon of the world —
and we believe that, in the case of these virtues, there need be
little or no conflct at all. Illumination will lead to action ; volition
will follow insight. Even to-day decent men feel no tfrnidation
to be dirty or boorish, and in centuries to come they may feel no
temptation to be selfish or lazy. In short, the advocates of

moral instruction regard human nature as in less desperate way
than the opponents.

Admitting, however, the existence of " contrariant " passions
and "contrariant" habits, I pass on. Direct instruction, I agree,
is only one out of many weapons when these enemies of the
moral weal have to be assailed. Against them both there is the
weapon of " many-sided interest " whose potency I have else-
where discussed ; and there are other weapons, too — such as re-
ligion. I smile when I find the Herbartians (including myself)
regarded as mere champions of " direct " methods in the place
of indirect.* I thought every one knew that Herbart and his
followers emphasized the almost total inadequacy of direct
methods when employed in a vacuum where apperception is im-
possible. Was it not Herbart who said that " the individuality
must first be changed through widened interest . . . before
teachers can venture to think they will find it amenable to the
general obligatory moral law " ? And when, similarly, I find
our opponents, apparently in ignorance of what maybe called the
" downfall of the dogma of formal or faculty training," assuring
the world that training is more important than instruction, I smile
again (though this time rather bitterly) and recollect that Herbart
elaborately distinguished between the functions of instruction,
training, and school discipline, wrote page after page on each of
the three, and showed their mutual relations and relative values.
One almost sickens of controversy when one is reminded, by men
who apparently have never in their lives read a scientific work
on pedagogics, that we must not "omit" or "forget" this or
that, when we have no desire but to remember.

But my proff'ered explanation of " contrariant ideas " has not
been forthcoming. The reader shall now have it.

I assert that — after we have made a certain allowance for
adolescent secretiveness, for an apparent, though not real,
Philistinism on the part of youth, for a refusal to be demon-
strably sentimental and responsive, for what has been called by
students of pedagogics a " low power of expi-ession " ; and after
we have made the other allowances detailed above, for incom-
petence on the part of pedagogues and for the existence in us
all of a sensual life — if ideas " contrariant " to reasonable
morality arise in the minds of our pupils, the fault is with our
educational methods.

We must deliberately or unintentionally have adopted a iahu
of moral topics, and regarded them as " bad form," in the pursuit
of which policy we must not only have neglected to supply
copious apperception material, or (what is much the same
thing on the verbal side) a copious moral terminology, through
the agency of indirect moral instruction ; but we must also have
shown, b}' our attitude towards such moral matters as have fit-
fully presented themselves in school life or in our school subjects,
that the less said about them the better. If this explanation be
the true one, " contrariant ideas " towards moral instruction or
elucidation of a systematic kind, are seen to be almost inevitable.
Tahu is no novelty in human life. If we allow our schools to
frown on hard work as mere " swotting," and on the discussion
of serious topics as a form of " priggishness," of course "con-
trariance" will arise.

Now every public-school opponent of moral instruction bears
witness to this fabu', little recognizing, as a rule, that he is help-
ing some of us to fill the mysterious gap in Mr. Keatinge's
psychology. " The better the class and the better the master
the less will be said " is Mr. Paton's way of expressing it. The
attitude adopted by all secondary-school opponents of moral in-
struction must indeed strike the primary teacher as amusing in
the extreme. For all these years he has been expected, in his
religious or Biblical lessons, ro deal most expressly and directly
with moral laws ; he has had to do this whether he wished or no,
and he has had to do it (horror of horrors !) in a " watertight
compartment," bounded by 9 o'clock a.m. on one side and 9.45,
or thereabouts, on the otlier. And the primary teacher has
been at Iteast sufficiently competent to be able to prevent, so far,
the emergence of " contrariance." His Bible lessons may not
have been perfect, but they are not commonly supposed to have
created a hatred of moral topics. This latter is the crowning
glory of secondary education, and it is a glory (or an infamy)
which any one with an elementary acquaintance with Herbartian-
ism could have predicted. "Keep back the supply of apperceji-
tion material, and you will fail to build up an apperception
organ " ; that is the negative side of the process, and it explains
why our public-school boys are, as one of their defenders admits,

* S.^., by Mr. Keatinge. See the contributions to the recent Moral
Education Congress (page 132J.

26

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jau. 1, 1909.

" morally colour blind." Link on to the mention of moral topics,
the idea that such topics are tabu, make fun of the word " moral,"
scatter broadcast the word " prig," and you will produce the
phenomenon of " contrariance " as inevitably as if you link on to
the idea of hard study the notion that it is underbred " swotting."

That is my solution of the " contrariance " enigma, and I would
point out that no reports of " contrariance " to moral instruction
or discussion come from Japan or from Catholic colleges, or
from any institutions except English public schools. Nor, in
reading Mill's " Autobiography," have I found any recorded
traces of a " contrariant " attitude towards his father's " moral
inculcations," "grave exhortations," or "stern reprobations"
relative to " justice, temperance, veracity, perseverance, readi-
ness to encounter pain, and especially labour, regard for the
public good, estimation of persons according to their merits,"
and so forth ; the explanation being that James Mill took his
son into his confidence and appealed to his reason.* Since the
time of Locke it is illegitimate to speak of ideas that have no
origin or antecedents ; and if " contrariant " ideas exist, their
origin must be traceable, and I have traced it. Mr. Keatinge,
on the other hand, has suggested no origin at all but one that
is applicable to all lessons (geography, &c.) that are dull.f

I admit, however, that it once " contrariant ideas" have ob-
tained a footing in the soul, Mr. Keatinge's plan may be ad-
visable ; the teacher may advisably be very, very " reticent " ;
very, very " discreet " ; very, very capable of " diverting the
boys' attention from the moral undercurrent of their work " ;
and very, very fastidious to preserve the " covering of reserve."
And I admit freely that if the phrase " moral instruction " is
offensive, there is no need to press it ; and that, as to method, an
organized series of literary readings, or of biographies, or of dis-
cussions, or of sermons, or of talks, or whatever plan may be found
most convenient, will satisfy the advocates of moral instruction.
What will not satisfy them is a perpetual and unintelligent con-
fusion between "training" and "instruction" (or its equiv-
alent) ; or the employment of conventional and almost hypo-
critical expressions concei'ning "atmosphere," "personality of
the teacher," and the like — expressions which, through their
very obviousness, are perfectly useless, and merely mean that the
problem of a renovated curriculum is to be shelved.
(To be contimied.)

THE TEACHERS' REGISTRATION GOUNGIL

LETTER FROM THE BOARD OF EDUCATIOK.

The following letter from Sir R. L. Morant to Dr. Gow, dated
November 17, 1908, is the Board of Education's reply to the
letter from the delegates printed in our last number (see page
527) :

I am directed to send the foUowiusr reply to the letter conceming the
constitution of a new Teachers' Reffistration Council which was ad-
dressed to the President of this Board by some of the delegates of the
twelve educational societies who before addressed him on this subject,
and was forwarded b3' you on October 25.

1 . The Board learn with regret from that letter that your Committee
have apparently been unable to agree together upon any effective amend-
ments of their original scheme which would make the new Council to a
greater degree "representative of the teaching profession " as required
by the Act of Parliament.

2. The Board find it difficult to understand how your Committee
could see fit to resolve that "the plan of the Registration Coimcil
already recommended be further pressed upon the Board of Education,"
in spite of the earnest protests submitted to your consideration from
various important branches of the teaching profession against the non-
representative character of the proposed Council and against the exclu-
sion from it of all direct representation of those branches of the
profession.

* "Conformably to my father's usual practice of explaining to me
as far as possible the reasons for what he required me to do." — "Auto-
biography."

t I would add that the experiments of Dr. Boris Sidis, from which
Mr. Kea inge gathers encouragement, were absolutely arbitrary and
meaningless, whereas advocates of moral instruction have the idea that
genuine morality is rational and meaningful. Until our opponents
clear their minds of the notion that such instruction is a process of
mingled humbug, bullying, fume, and tyranny, we can make no progress
in mutual understanding.

3. The Board note with surprise that your Committee have not invited
to their more recent gatherings, and have apparently in no way con-
sulted, any representatives of those branches of the teaching profession
that had thus expressed their sense of injustice at having been excluded
from deUberations of such importance to their professonial interests. It
seems to the Board very difficult to suppose that this treatment of the pro-
blem will be likely to lead to the establishment of a Council that will be
regarded as " representative " in any complete sense by "the teaching
profession."

4. The Board are, however, interested to learn that there were " some
members of the Committee who thought that certain modifications of
the plan submitted to the Board might be desirable" ; and I am to
state that if you, or your Committee, or those individual members,
would submit those "modifications" to the Board in writing, with a
clear indication of the difficulties or anomalies or injustices which they
are respectively intended to remove, and of the manner in which the}-
would operate in practice, this Board would gladly give them the most
careful and favourable consideration, and would bring them to the notice
of such branches of the teaching profession as would be hkely to be
interested, with a view to obtaining a general consensus of professional
opinion upon them.

5. The Board must, on the other hand, demur emphatically to certain
propositions contained in the letter under reply, «.y., (i.) that modifica-
tions of your proposals for the composition of the new CouncO, which
would render it more truly representative of the teaching profession as
required by Parliament, " can only be made by the Board" ; (ii.) that
this ' ' Board alone is in a position to arbitrate between rival claims ' ' of
different sections of the teaching profession who find themselves ac-
corded no direct representation in your proposals ; and (iii.) that it is,
therefore, now incumbent on this Board (for this is what the letter
implies) to formulate a scheme for the solution of the difficulties involved
in your Committee's proposals, and to take steps at once to bring into
existence a new Teachers' Registration Conned with a view to the
speedy establishment of an official Register of Teachers for this country.

6. In reply to this part of the letter, the Board find themselves com-
pelled to remind you that the express purpose for which Clause 2.5 was
introduced into the Education BUI, 19U(i, and again into the Bdl of
1907, was to make it no longer necessary in view of the insoluble dif-
ficuliiies that had arisen in connexion with the then existing Register)
that there should be any official Teachers' Registry at all, so far as the
Government or any Government Department was concerned. It is true
that subsequently, quite late in the course of the debates on the Bill in
the House of Lords, an amendment to this clause was added at the
instance of representatives of certain educational bodies. The purpose of
the amendment was to leave the door open for the possibility of there
being' at some future time an official Teachers' Register, if and when
(but, as was clearly understood, only if and when) proposals were forth-
coming for a Teachers' Council and Register which should be truly
representative of the teaching profession, and the constitution of which
no substantial body of teachers in this country shoidd lo ik upon as
involving any injustice. And, as you will rememb;!', one of the essen-
tial elements in the arrangement under which the amendment was
at the time inserted in the Bid, was that proposals for such a Council
and Register were to be evolved by the teaching profession itself, .and
were not to be the work of any Government Department. In these
circumstances it is obvious that it would not be proper for this Board, as
you have suggested, now to intervene to impose its arbitration upon any
" rival claims " of different portions of the teaching profession. For it
would clearly contravene the whole principle upon which the new
CouncU and Register were (by common consent) to be based were this
Board to step in and to fix, by Departmental action instead of upon
proposals made by the teaching profession, the constitution and compo-
sition of the new Council. Yet this is precisely what would result were
this office, as you suggest, now to determine the various " modifica-
tions " of the proposals of your Committee needed to remove the many
difficulties that are involved in them, as pointed out to you and your
colleagues at this office last May and confirmed by the correspondence
from the various Educational Associations addressed to this Board and
to your Committee.

7. The President of this Board greatly regrets the delay that has
occuiTed in this matter since the passing of the Act, in consequence of
the ineffectual nature of the proceedings of your Conference since that
date, resulting, it would seem, from their insufficiently representative
character. He desires it to be made perfectly plain that this Board are
and have always been anxious to receive, as soon as possible, from the
teaching profession proposals for a new Teachers' Registration Council
which are considered just and fair by the various branches of the pro-
fession, since by this means, and by this means alone, wiU it be possible
for the requisite steps to be taken, in accordance with the provisions of
the Act, for bringing about the estabhshment of a new CouncO without
further delay. X am, therefore, dheoted, in conclusion, to repeat thiit
the Board will be glad to receive a clear, written statement of the p.ar-
ticular " modifications " considered desirable by some members of your
Committee if it is beUeved that they woidd, in fact, produce a constitu-
tion for a Council so composed as substantially to fulfil the requirements
of the statute in being really " representative of the teaching pro-
fession."

Jau. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

27

Besides the foregoing letter, and the letter it answers, there
are included in a White Paper (Cd. 4402; 2|d., Wyraan) the
letters (omitting some which were addressed to the Board by
private individuals) which have, up to the present, been received
by the Board since the publication on July 10 of the " Scheme
for a new Teachers' Registration Council proposed to the Board
of Education by the representatives of certain Educational Asso-
ciations." [Cd. 418.5.] In each case they were suitably acknow-
ledged, and a copy was sent to Dr. Gow for the information of
his Committee. The twenty letters may be conveniently grouped
in the following six categories : — (a) teachers of little children,
(6) teachers of art and drawing), (c) teachers of music, [d) teach-
ers of manual training, (e) teachers of special subjects, such as
shorthand, gymnastics, &c., (/) associations of head teachers, as
distinguished from assistant teachers, [g) teachers of the deaf.
For convenience of reference the proposals of "the representa-
tives of certain educational associations " are again set out in an
appendix.

LETTER FROM THE TEACHERS' GUILD.

Mr. H. Wesley Dennis, Chairman of the Teachers' Guild, has
addressed the following letter on behalf of the Guild to the
Secretary to the Board of Education (December 18) ; —

At a meetinff held on December 10, the Council of the Teachers'
Guild considered the White Papers (Cd. 4185 and Cd. 4402) relating
to a Scheme for a new Teachers' Registration Council, and instructed
me to embody in a letter to you the conclusions which were then drawn
and adopted by the meeting with virtually no diffei'etioe of opinion.

The formation of a Register that should include duly trained and
qualified teacheis of every grade has been one of the main objects of the
Teachers' Guild ever since its foundation. AVhile consrious of the
inherent defect which vitiated and eventually wrecked the old Register
— a radical error against which the Guild from the first protested — it
was with profound regret that the Guild learnt the determination of the
Government in 1906 to abolish the Register instead of amending its
constitution. With no less satisfaction they welcomed Section 16 (2) of
the Education (Administrative Provisions) Act. 19(i7, as the promise in
the near future of a new Register that would represent the teaching
profession as a whole, with no invidious distinction of rank as deter-
mined by employment.

The draft Scheme for a Registration Council proposed and received
unanimously at the meeting of Delegates held at the College of Preceptore
on Febiiiary 29 last was submitted to the Council of the Guild on
March 5 and unanimously approved. It was not, in their judgment, an
ideal scheme, and there were vaiious minor points in which it seemed to
some members capable of improvement ; but the Council considered it
sound in principle and a fair compromise between the conflicting claims
of primaiy and secondary teachers, which the old Register had so dis-
astrously discriminated. They considered, fiu'ther, that any defects or
omissions in the scheme could and would be remedied and made good by
the Board of Education.

The Council regret, therefore, to gather from the published corre-
spondence, and in particiilar from yoru: last letter to Dr. Gow, d.ated
November 17, that this is not the view of the President of the Board.
In it you speak of " the possibility of there being at some future time
an official Teachers' Register, if and when (but only if and when) pro-
posals were forthcoming for a Teachers' Council and Register which
should be truly representative of the teaching profession, and the consti-
tution of which no substantial body of teachers shotild look upon as
involving any injustice."

My Coimcil desire, with all respect, to point out that the condition you
now impose is not contemplated in the Act of 1907 and is one that it is
impossible for teachers to satisfy. A Council to which each separate
body of teachers sent a representative would be unworkable by re:iSon of
its numbers .and, ftu'ther, by reason of the disproportionate representa-
tion, it would not be truly representative of the teaching profession.
Already some twenty more or less " substantial " bodies of teachers have
submitted to the Board claims for representation, and there are other
bodies to come whose claims would deserve at least equal attention.
There exists no parliament or judicial committee of teachers competent
to hear and adjudicate upon such claims. The delegates who at your
instance attempted the task and who have in your judgment so signally
failed, decline, for the sufficient reasons assigned by their Chairman, to
take any fuither action.

In con<lusion, my Council would humbly suggest to you that the
Board of Education is the only court competent to arbitrate upon rival
claims and that it is to the Board of Education that Parliament has
a.ssigned the duty of "constituting a Registration Council representative
of the teaching profession." They therefore appeal through you to the
President of the Board to take immediate steps for the issuing of an
Order in Council rmder the Education Act of 1907. Thus and thus only
can he remedy the grave injtuy that the teaching profession has suffered
and is suffering by the suppression of the Register.

THE COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.

MEETING OP THE COUNCIL.

A MEETING of the Council was held at the College, Bloomsbury
Square, on December 12. Present : Prof. Adams, Vice-President,
in the chair; Dr. Armitage Smith, Mr. Bain, Mr. Barlet, Rev.
J. O. Bevan.Mr. Brown, Miss Urookshank, Miss Dawes, Mr. Eve,
Mr. Hawe, Mr. Kelland, Mr. Ladell, Rev. R. Lee, Prof. Lyde,
Dr. Maples, Dr. Marx, Mr. Millar-Inglis, Dr. Moody, Mr.
Morgan, Mr. Pendlebury, Miss Punnett, Mr. Rule, Rev. Dr.
Scott, Mr. Starbuck, Mr. Storr, Mr. Vincent, and Mr. White.

The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.

The Secretary reported that the Certificate and Lower Forms
Examinations had been held on December 8-12 at 1.50 centres
in the United Kingdom and at 30 Colonial centres. The number
of candidates entered was about 6,700. For the Christmas
Examination of Teachers for the College Diplomas the number
of entries was about 670.

The best thanks of the Council were voted to Mr. John Angell,
who was compelled, on account of the state of his health, to
resign the office of honorary Local Secretary for the College at
the Sl'anchester Centre, the duties of which he had discharged
most efficiently for thirty years.

The Diploma of Licentiate was granted to Mr. F. W. Towle,
and that of Associate to Miss E. M. Anderson, who had satisfied
the prescribed conditions.

Tlie Secretary was directed to express to Mrs. Stewart the
pi'ofound regret with which the Council had received the
intelligence of the death of her husband, the Rev. John Stewart,
who had been for more than thirty years a valued member of
their body.

The report of the Finance Committee was adopted.

The consideration of the report of the Examination Committee
was deferred to the adjourned meeting of the Council to take
place on January 23.

The draft report of the Council to the General Meeting was
considered, and was referred to the President, Vice-Presidents,
and Dean for final revision.

It was resolved that the Council should make a representation
to the Board of Education protesting against the phrase " con-
ducted for private profit " etuployed in official documents to
designate schools founded and conducted by private enterprise.

The following persons were elected members of the College: —
Mr. C. A. Dobson, B A., Victoria House, Shahginig, Agra, India.
Mrs. M. E. Pillow, The Grange, Thorpe Road, Norwich.

The following books had been presented to the Library since
the last meeting of the Council : —

By A. & C. Black.— Fanar's Eric (Supplementary Reader) ; Pairgrieve's The
Roiind World.

By Blackie & Son.— Teacher's Handbook to Blackie's Adaptable Arithmetics,
Book 111. ; Archibald and Rankin's Electrical Laboratory Course for .Junior
Students ; Cochiane's Three-Term Course in German ; Lee's School History
of English Literature, Vol. ill. ; Ruskin's The Crown of Wild Olive.

By the Cambridge Univessitt Press.— Davies's Sophocles' Electra (abridged
from Sir Richard Jebb's Edition) : South's Gospel of St. Luke; C. W. Watson's
Acts of the Apostles : Foster Watson's The English Grammar Schools to 1660 ;
Winstanlev's Chaucer's Clerkes Tale and Squieres Tale.

By MAciiiLLAN & Co.— Dowse's Book of Poetry illustrative of English History
(Part III.). , , X . T, ,- ,.

By Methuen & Co.— Dunstan's Organic Chemistry : Rahtz s Junior English ;
Terry's Elementary Latin.

By J. Murray.— Hartog's Hugo's Bug-Jargal. ,. , ,_ . „

By the Oxford University Press.— Select English Classics edited by A. T.
Quiller-Couch (14 Parts). ,„ ., ^ ^ ,. ,.

By Wbittaker & Co.— Monteverde's Spanish Idioms, and Spanish and English
Commercial and Technical Terms.

Transactions of the Second International Congress on bchool Hygiene, 1907.

CONFERENCES FRANCAISES.

SOCIETE NaTIONAIE DES PkOFESSEURS DE FB.AN9AIS.

ELLE ET LUI.
Par M. I'Abbe Makguere.

Le samedi, 28 novembre dernier, M. Marguere nous parlait de
George Sand et d' Alfred de Musset.^ Le conferencier, en traitant
ce sujet litteraire et psychologique a la fois, au point de vue de
I'bomme du monde, et du moraliste surtout, en a fait ce que Ton
pourrait appeler une conference a these, et a surtout appuye sur
les legons que Ton en peut deduire.

Ces deux grandes celebrites du siecle dernier, nous dit-il,
semblaient, sinon tomber dans I'oubli, mais voir du moins leur

28

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

eclat s'assombrir, et voici qa'une histoire d'amour va les ressus-
citer a la gloire, " ce soleil dea morts," et nous les faire revivre
dans toute la splendeur de leur genie.

Mais il est une chose certaine, et qu'il faut dire des le debut,
c'eso que cette liaison fit une impression profonde sur Musset et
change* pour ainsi dire la direction de son talent. II fut frappe
an OG91IP. II avait aime pour la premiere fois, et les " deux
grands yeux noirs de la S md " devaient le hanter toute sa vie.

" Ote-raoi, memoire importune,

Ote-mji ces yeux que je vols toujours."

II s'est heurte a I'un de ces accidents rares, extraordinaires, dont
on ne cite que quelques exemples : une grande passion. Heureuse
passion, dirons-nous, car elle devait avoir sur lui une heureuse
influence. Le poete de Holla devieudra le poete des Naifs, et ce
que son talent perdra en variete et en richesse. il le gagnera en
intensito. George Sand sera la femme grace a qui nous seront
roveles chez Musset le coour et le genie.

George Sand, au contraire, n'a pas du tout ressenti les memes
effets. Ce n"a pas ete une date dans I'histoire de son ccBur ni de
son esprit ; elle n'a pas fait devier d'un pas cette vie qui, au point
de vue litteraire, s'est ecoulee aveo la plus grande regularite.

Deux causes sufRsent amplement pour expliquer leur mesin-
telligence et leurs qnerelles. L'un et I'autre avaient un passe
derriere eux lorsqu'ils se sout connus. Musset, il est vrai, ctait
touche au vit et aimait profondement. Mais il rovait d'un
amour ideal, surhumain, qu'il ne pouvait trouver dans son araie,
culte et delire a la fois. George Sand revait pour son " cher
enfant" une sorte d'affection semi-maternelle. Elle jouait
vis-i-vis de Musset au role protecteur d'Ange Gardien.

En outre, ces deux etres d'exception etaient trop auteurs dans
leur liaison. Au lieu de cacher leur vie, ils I'ont etalee au grand
jour. lis I'ont mise dans leurs ecrits — ce que M. Doumie
appelle si bien du " cabotinage litteraire " — et le monstre
roraantique s'est plu a torturer cet homme et cette ferarae qui
avaient voulu prendre leurs heros en dehors de toute realite, et
se mettre au-dessus de la natui-e comme les Hernani et les Lelia.
Pour nous en convaincre, lisez les Leftres d'un Voyageur, de Sand,
et surtout la Confession d'un Enfant du Siecle, de Musset. qui
restera comme I'histoire d'un cas, comme un chapitre de psycho-
logie raorbide et de marivaudage eff rene.

Nous autres,a plus de cinquante ans de distance, nous somraes
obliges de constater que les etres qui nous sont superieurs par le
genie, n'en sont pas moins faits de bone et de chair comme nous.
Le genie lui-meme ne dispense pas ses privilegies d'avoir part a
I'humaine misere. Et George Sand, .a son retour a Paris flanquee
du fameux docteur Pagello, dut vite s'apercevoir que le monde
ne pent pas admettre qu'il y ait des privilegies, ou plutot des
dispenses en morale.

De toutes ces considerations que se degage-t-il P Faut-il con-
clure, comme l'un de nos plus ceiebres moralistes, al'impuissance
d'aimerP Nous serions tentes de croire que, comme Musset et
George Sand, nous soufErons de la maladie du siecle. Nous
doutons, alors que nous avons un grand besoin de croire. II est
un des appetits de I'homme qui, a I'heure actuelle, reste inassouvi
et dont ou semble ne vouloir plus s'occuper : c'est le besoin de
I'au-dela, besoin qui nous est venu de nos aucetres, transmis de
gener.ition en generation par les croyants de toute religion.
Nous avons herite de ce besoin, il s'est infiltre pour ainsi dire
dans nos idees, nos moeurs, nos habitudes, notre milieu, et comme
cette faculte, ce besoin de I'au-dela demande a s'exercer, veut
vivre. de force elle se depense en d'etranges exces. Nous somraes
des nevroses. des neurastheniques. Voila le grand mal dont nous
soufErons. Nous souff rons aussi d'un autre mal qui minait ces
deux grands genies, qui est un exces de pensee critique. Pour
nous guerir, il faudrait done que I'equilibre de la vie intcrieure
fut corrige par une volonte forte et energique. II faudrait sur-
tout que cet equilibre fut restaure, que le mariage redevint saint
et sacre. que la femme fiit la compague de I'homme, que I'enfant
ne se gatat pas les sens et I'imagination entre les murs de ces
colleges, si bien appeles " des sentines d'infection morale."

Mais utopie que tout cela ! Nous marohons vers un affinement
de plus en plus aigu des intelligences, vers une separation de
plus en plus marquee des sexes, vers une centralisation de plus
en plus intense, et alors se verifiera le mot de I'observateur :
" Les classes pauvres manqueront de pain, les classes riches
d'ideal. de religion, de sante morale, d'influence et de prestige."

Je finis, conclut le conterencier, par un mot de Musset dans
une lettre supreme oil il semblait defier les profanateurs d'outre-
tombe: " Prenez garde que je n'ecrive sur ma torabe qu'elle etait
sincere, bonne et grande."

Paix et pardon, disait la grande romanciere a Sainte-Beuve.
Ce sera aussi notre dernier mot. Paix et pardon pour ces deux
tristes victimes de I'amour romantique, non point tant parce
qu'ils ont aime, mais parce qu'ils out beaucoup souffert.

M. I'abbe Marguere s'est magistralement acquitte d'une tache
difficile, que sa qualite de pretre et de moraliste a su sauve-
garder d'un banal realisrae et elever a la hauteur d'une these
morale. En vain M. Barlet, qui etait au fauteuil. a-t-il invite
la discussion, et, se retranchant lui-meme derriere sa qualite de
profane pour ne point approfondir im sujet de si poignante
actualite, il a demande pour le conferencier un vote de remer-
ciements bien mcrites, sur qu'il etait que les personnes presentes
emporteraient de cette conference ample matiere a serieuses
cogitations.

OXFORD AND THE WORKERS.
RECOMMENDATIONS OP THE COMMITTEE.

The Report of the Committee on Oxford and Workpeople,
just published at the Clarendon Press (Is. net) has been drawn
up with great care and is satisfactorily comprehensive in scope.

There are interesting chapters on the educational movements,
particularly affecting workpeople, on the past history of the
University, on the University Extension movement, on the
demand for University education, on the establishment of
tutorial classes beyond the limits of the University, on the ad-
mission of workpeople to Oxford, and on the after career of the
working-class students.

Following is a summary of the Committee's recommenda-
tions : —

1. Teaching beyond the limits of the University. — Lectures and tutorial
classes — consisting of not more than thirty students in each class —
should be formed in certain centres, to undertake organized study for
minimum periods of two years. A diploma under the authority of the
University Extension Delegacy should be given at the close of the period
of study based on the essays written by the students on the report of the
tutor and of two University representatives ; this diploma should admit
students to the diploma courses of the University. (The Committee for
Economics have accepted this proposal.)

2. Admission of working class stiidentsto Oxford. — Qualified students
from the tutorial classes should be readily admitted to residence at
Oxford ; the colleges and trustees of the University Appeal Fund
should be asked to provide scholarships, exhibitions, and financial assist-
ance, the selection of membtTs to these privileges being baaed on the
report from a committee of selection, consisting of the class teachers,
the two University representatives, a representative of the Workers'
Educational Association, of the local organization, and the class. A
Standing Committee of the University Extension Delegacy should
organize funds for scholarships and so forth, to be tenable either at a
college or hall of the University, by a non-collegiate student or at
Ruskin Hall.

3. The position and payment of teachers. — The teachers should be
paid £S0 per imit of twenty-four classes (the year's course) : in other
words, £400 per session of twentj'-four weeks, when in full work, and
travelling expenses in addition. They should be regularly employed by
a college or by the Universiry at Oxford. One-half of the teacher's
sal ry sliould be paid by Oxford, the remaining half and all other ex-
penses by the workers and their associations.

4. The .Authority for organizing working-class education. — A Stand-
ing Committee should be formed of the University Extens on Delegacy,
consisting of equal numbers of University representatives and of re-
presentatives of the working classes appdnted through the Workers'
Educational Associati >n. The Committee, through its secretaries,
should conduct all correspondence between Oxford and working-class
centres,

5 Ruskin College. —Residence for a year at Ruskin College, and a
certificate given by a college and supported by two Univeisity re-
presentatives appointed by the Committee of Economics, should be
accepted as the " good general education '* required to qualify for the
study of economics. In any scholarship scheme second-year students of
Ruskin College should participate.

6. Diploma in Political Science. — A Diploma in Political Science
should be established paral el to the Diploma in Economics.

7. Special Inquiry Department. — A special depaitment should be
formed by the University to collect information about the educational
needs and educational movements in this country and abroad.

The report is supplemented by a number of appendixes, in
which the main features of the work already done and the work
propcsed to be done are described, and in which the text of the
report is illustrated by University and Government documents.

Jan. 1, 1900.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

29

REVIEWS.

Eakly Irish History.

The History of Ireland to the Coming of Henry II. By Arthur Ua
Clerigh, M.A., K.C. (12s. 6d. net. Fisher Unwin.)

One can readily accept the author's statement that " this
volume is the fruit of many years' labour." In the earlier
chapters he has to deal with a great variety of matters that call
for expert knowledge and for the most cautious expert inference.
The traditional stories are embroidered with a lively fancy and
seem rather difficult to get within the bounds of liistory at all,
except in so far as they supply incidental indications of religious,
.social, or other conditions. Mr. Clerigh is pretty well up to date
iu his applications of anthropology and archasology, and he thinks
"it may be safely stated as a general rule that, whenever anything
is stated to be a fact in connexion with an etymology, in nine
cases out of ten it is sure to be pure fiction." Yet, though he
thus seems to be on his guard, he goes only fourteen pages before
he perpetrates this: " ' Sacra,' sacred, is in the Greek Upa, which
comes near irUipa (apovpn) and lipprj, the Greek name for Erin.
The poetic licence is not great." Thei-e are too many printers'
blunders throughout the book, and possib!}^ the quotation to
some extent shares the misfortune, but even then the statement
suggests grievous doubts, reaching far beyond its immediate
bearings. At any rate, Mr. Clerigh works his way steadily
through the jungle of tradition, presenting the substance of it
and diligently commenting upon it with varj'ing success. Where
he differs from scholars like Sir John Rhys and Prof. Bury on
their own ground, it is not easy to be hopeful for his contentions;
and, when he quotes from St. Patrick's Confession that when
Satan tempted him one night in his joui'uey through the desert
" it came home into my mind that I should call out Helias (Heliam
t'OC'ireiii), and in that moment I saw the sun rise in the heavens,"
and suggests that eXieitrov {sic) " is indicated by the context " as
the right reading for " Heliam," one's confidence is again rudely
shaken. Surely what is indicated by the context is obviously
■enough " Helion " — the Sun, the morning liglit — to dispel the
darkness and to put Satan to flight. On the whole, we should
be inclined to regard the traditional period of the work as an
interesting collection and disposition of the salient materials
and to leave the reader to interpret them foi- himself, taking
Mr. Clerigh's explanations with critical caution. No doubt,
however, much helpful discussion will remain after the winnow-
ing out of weaknesses.

The coming of St. Patrick and the Patrician Documents afford
scope for ingenious discussion, aud the religion of the Gael before
St. Patrick is reviewed in a long and interesting summary. On
tlie Senchus Mor and the Tribal System Mr. Clerigh brings to
bear his professional training and experience, though on the latter
subject he recognizes the elaborate and careful studies of Dr.
Seebohra. The invasion of the Northmen, if invasion it can be
called (for their raids seldom went far inland), he summarizes
from the Annals (796-lOM) : the most serious part of the raids,
in spite of much outrage, was the taking of captives. The deeds
■of Brian Boru are recounted and assessed : Mr. Clerigh judges
that he was neither a patriot statesman nor an ambitious usurper,
but " a tribal chieftain fighting for tribal ascendancy, nothing
more or less," and " this was the weakness of his position and the
cause of his failure." Though he puts in a good word for Mael-
seachlaiun, he says : " Unfortunately for Erin, the chieftains were
warriors rather than statesmen, and, fighting amongst them-
selves, they left to the future historian the melancholy duty of
recording how a nation of brave men surrendered their lil^erty
without ever fighting with their whole strength one pitched
battle in its defence." Of course, "the tribalism and political
incapacity of the chieftains must be held responsible " for this,
then and later ; and, though there are extenuating circumstances,
these do not mend the mischief — probably an inevitable mischief
in historical evolution. The remainder of the volume is mainly
occupied with the organization of the Church, the spreading of
the teaching of the Church in Scotland and in the north of Eug-
hind, and doctrinal and ceremonial controversies. It closes with
tJie i-emarkable ecclesiastical-political transactions leading to the
invasion of Ireland by Henry II. The latter, the more strictly
historical, half of the volume is characterized by industrious in-
quiry and independent judgment. If Mr. Clerigh dispels some
piipular illusions of his countrymen, he yet " conveys lessons of
high political import which they may take hopefully to heart."

" The early history of Ireland is a story of arrested evolution " :
what of the later history ?

Life ix the Sea.

Conditions of Life in the Sea. By James .Tohnstone, Fisheries
Laboratory, University of Liverpool. (9s. net. Cambridge
University Press.)
This is a new volume of the " Cambridge Biological Series."
Its purpose is to present a short account of the main results of
quantitative marine biological investigations, and of the related
results of hydrography and oceanography. The jaw-breaking
terms need not discourage a closer acquaintance, for the treat-
ment is remarkably simple, and the materials teem with interest.
Part I. is quite elementary ; it explains the methods and the ap-
paratus applied in the exploration of the sea; describes the form
and the deposits of the floor of the North-Western Ocean, and the
physical characters and the circulation of the sea water ; reviews
marine organisms and their life history ; and treats of the
methods, conditions, and economics of the sea fisheries. Let Mr.
Johnstone speak of one of the three categories of organisms
found iu the sea :

The mariner, it has been said, when he sails over a tract of sea, thinks
that he traverses a '* barren waste of waters " tfirough which there swims
here and there an occasional fi^h or porpoise. But in reality he sails
over a " pasture," and beneath his ship is a wealth of life much more
abundant than is contained in the richest or most luxuriant forest.
Beneath his feet may be a couple of miles of water, and every cupful of
this may teem with life, and this is so even if no fishes or other large
animals may he visible. This enormously abundant life is the plankton,
the drifting" fauna and flora of the sea, the presence of which is only
revealed by the tow-net and the microscope. Of all the forms of marine
biological investigation the study of the plankton is the most entertaining
Equipped with the tow-net and the microscope, the naturalist finds
here a veritable "wonderland" awaiting him, and the variety aud
beauty of the creatures so obtaiued, and the ever present possibilities
of finding forms of life new to science, combine to make the study of
the plankton a most fascinating one. To any one who lives near the sea
the observation of the microscopic life may be a continual occupation
and delight. But, in addition, no department of biology presents more
abstruse problems to these who care for such investigation.

This First Part is a very simple, lucid, and interesting descrip-
tion of judiciously selected points, the sum of which is calculated
to convey a good general idea of the subject on the lines in-
dicated.

In Part II. the author attacks his main thesis — the methods
and results of quantitative marine biological research. Marine
biology is one of the last of the sciences to adopt quantitative
methods, and the reason is simply that " an enormous mass of
descriptive work had to be done before the exact methods of
physical and mathematical science could be applied to the
solutiou of problems of a genei-al nature in marine biology."
Mr. Johnstone describes Hensen's methods and apparatus and
considers objections that have been made to the validity of his
conclusions. He then investigates the distribution of the plank-
ton and takes a general " census of the sea," having due regard
to the fact that the imperfect methods and data can give only
rough approximations. The inquiry into the productivity of the
sea at different depths and in different latitudes includes, with
much other matter of extreme interest, considerations bearing
directly upon controverted practical questions in connexion with
the sea fisheries. It needs but little reflection to realize the
difficulty of reaching solid general conclusions of wide reach.
"One stands," says Kjellmann, "as before an insoluble problem
when one makes a haul with a tow-net in the Arctic and obtains
abundant and strong vegetation, and this at a time when the
sea is covered with ice, the temperature is extremely low, and
nocturnal gloom predominates even at noon."

Part III. deals with the general conditions of life in the sea—
the conditions of nutrition of marine organisms and the ett'ect
of changes in physical surroundings u]ron the nature and in-
tensity of the processes, the multifarious and ubiquitous bacteria,
their kinds, distribution, and operation, and the circulation of
nitrogen. Special points are treated iu appendixes.

There are, of course, multitudes of memoirs and articles on
this subject, less or more inaccessible ; but this work, we take
it, is the only adequate introductory English summary of the
researches. It is thoroughly well informed, deliberately and
judiciously selective, and written in plain and clear style, so (hat
laymen can have no difiicultj' in following the exposition of the
marvellous facts.

30

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMKS.

[Jap. 1, 1909.

GENERAL NOTICES.

CLASSICS.
Latin Frose Composition. By W. R. Hardie, M.A., Professor of Hu-

manitj' in the University of EdinbiMgli. foi-merly Fellow of Balliol

College, Oxford. (4s. (id. net. Kdward Arnold.)
The First Part consists of notes on grjinmiar. st3'le, and idiom, of a
more advanced character, partly to obviate common errors, partly to
ft»rmu]ate afresh various matters on "which there is essentially common
agreement. The object is to rise above mere syntactical i-ules to literary
qualities of composition. To this end the points are judiciouslj' selected,
aud illustrated and enforced with abundant kimwledge and skill. The
Second Part consists of passages for translation in wide variety both of
subject and of difficultj' — 315 in all. The volume impresses one as the
outcome of a long process of observation and selection by a proved
scholar and teacher. It will be extrenieiy useful in the higher classical
forms.
Cicero: Fhilippie Orations I., II., III., V., VIT. Edited by John!

E. King. Second edition, revised by A. C. Clark, Fellow of [

Queen's College, Oxford. (3s. 6d. Clarendon Press. ) ,

Mr. King's second edition is now son*e thirty years old, but it was a i
very good book, and Mr. Clark, while adding his own critical fout-notes, •
reproduces substantially the original introductions and notes, with minor
omissions, changes, and additions. The live orations here selected are
the more important of the series: " they are of especial value not only
as bringing out more stronglj^ Cicero's power as an orator and his im-
portance in the State during the most honourable portion of his life, but
al-o as illustrating a period of history concerning wh ch we have but
little contemporary information." The volume is edited with the
greatest care and ability, and will be very valuable in schools.
Aet,'hybis in EnyUsh Vtrt>e. Part III.: .Aiji'mnnnon, Chocpltoroe, Eu-

niniides. By Arthiu- S. "Way, D.Lit. i3s.6d.net. Macmillan.)
Dr Way now brings his rendering of Aeschylus to a triumphant con-
(lusion. His mannerisms, inversions, metrical licences, and embroideries
are swept away in the tide of poetical transmutation. We could have
wished a more rugged strength — warts and all ; but stiU, here is a
substantial Aeschylus for the English reader, and it is a great achieve-
ment both of scholarsliip and of literature.

MATHEMATICS.

A School Arithmelic. ByH. S. Hall, M. A., and F. H. Stevens, M.A.
(4s. 6d. Macmillan.)

In drawing attention to the production of a new school text-book by
authors so well known in the educati<inal world as Messrs. Hall and
Stevens, it is needless to dwell at length on the fact that the latest volume
appears to maintain fully the standard of general excellence which marks
the authors' previous works. A few notes on the constitution of the
"School Arithmetic," will, however, be serviceable to teachers and
students Algebra in its character of ocucral arithmetic plays a distinct
part in the text and, further, pupils are taught by its means the fir-t
principles of graphical work. The order of the contents also deserves
notice. No rigid coiu'se can be laid down as suitable for the purposes of
all teachers or the needs of all pupils. In view of this, the plan adopted
by the writers has been to grouji together as far as possible allied portions
of the subject under consideration, and thus it becomes easy for the
reader to find all that the work contains on any special topic and to link
Together the parts of the science in any desired order. The authors have,
perhaps, devoted more than usual attention to the que-tion of decimal
approximation, and a decidedly modern feature of the book is observ-
able in the introduction into such a work of a consideration of four-
figure logarithms. These are thoroughly exiilained, and skill in the use of
them is provided for by the fiu-nishmg both of tables and of uuworked
exeri ises. The text-book has been issued in various forms : thus not
only can it be obtained complete, either with or without answers, but
also Parts I. and II. have been similarly published separately.

Constructions in FracliiiU Geomelru. By Rev. H. F. Westlake,
B.A. Oxon. (Is. Philip.

From this little work candidates for various College Preliminary and
School examinations may select suitable pr para ion courses in practical
geometrical work, or they may adopt the more useful plan of making a
careful study of the complete set of problems contained in the volume.
In nearly every case the constructive portion of the solution is all that is
given, and we consider tliat the author would have done well to urge
OS an essential that the proof be invariably furnished by either teacher or
student, whereas he only suggests that pupils may with advantage be
requiied to supply the demonstrations. In some instances the methods
emjdoyed (those of the ordinary text-book on the subject) are capable of
being improved by greater precision. One other point invites comment,
namely, that in the discussion of a locus the text merely shows that points
situated on it satisfy the given conditions, whilst the equally important
task of proving that onlij stich points fuliil the requirements is ignored.
The compilation is nevertheless a thoroughly useful one, and affords in
compact form a large amount of most valuable instruction.

SCIENCE.
Modern Electrical T/ieon,. By Norman Robert Campbell, M.A. , Fellow
of Trinity College, Cambridge. (7b. 6d. net. Cambridge Uni-
versity Pre-'S.)
Mr. Campbell 8 volume makes a most useful addition to the "Cam-
bridge Physical Series." The purpose of it is " to expound the subject
in iis logical order, to analyse the arguments by which the various
phenomena are correlated, to draw special attention to the assumptions
that are made, and to show which of these assumptions are fundamental
in the modem theory of electricitj' and which may be expected to be
abandoned in the further progress of investigation." The selection of
material has been determined not by the intrinsic importance of the
subjects or by the interest of the accessory studies with which they
are connected, but by the light they throw upon the central problem
— the relation of electricity and matter Mathematical analysis is
involved oidy when and so far as it is necessary in order to sh.iw the
nature of the argument. Mr. Campbell started with the idea of provid-
ing- a much needed text-book '-from which students well grounded in
the elementary branches of physics might obtain some knowledge of the
later developments," but as he proceeded he " departed from the original
scheme" in the direct on both of simplicity and of difficulty. This
wavering of purpose, however, does not really matter, at any rate for
keen students of the subject, who will foUow Mr. Campbell's lucid
exposition and stimulating discussions with intense interest and with
great profit.

Electricity, Present and Future. By Lucien Poincare, one of the In-
spectors-General of Public Instruction in France. Translated by
Jasper Kemmis. (7s 6d. net. Sisley.)
The volume is devoted to the investigation of certain matters that
were pui-posely omitted from M. Poincare' s well known work, " La
Physique Modeme " — the difteient methods of the production and
utilization of electric energy, and the numerous applications of it within
the sphere of electrotechnology. It is not intended for experts alone,
nor yet for mere beginners ; the author's pui-pose is rather to address
himself to " that intelligent clas^i, so widespread nowadaye , which takes
a genuine interest in the advance of modern science, and to place bff"re
it as accurate a picture as possible of the existing condit ou of elec-
tricity." He lays " special emphasis on the practical outcome, in a.
general way, of the skill which investigators have displayed in drawing
their conclusions from the principles" ; and he insists on the importance
of close touch between pure scientists and engineers, so that the one class
may know well what the other class is doing. "Within the past few
yeai-s," he says, " the use of electric energy has transformed our methods
of Ughtiug, our means of transportation, and our chemical industries;
the telegraph and the telep'one have entirely altered the conditions of
everyday life; the discoveries in radi"graphy and high-frequency have
brought about far-reaching changes in the medical worl I ; while, in
another direction, it is common knowledge that the study of radioactive
bodies has led physicists to form daring theories of the composition of
matter and of the laws of mechanics." With all these developments
M Poincare deals in a lucid and popular manner — popular within the
limits indicated. The volume will foster an intelligent interest in the
subjects treated.

MODERN LANGUAGES.
A German Header and Theme-Book. By Calvin Thomas, Professor in
Columbia University, and WUliam Addison Harvey, Instructor in
Columbia University. (4s. 6d. George Bell.)
The authors furnish about sixty selected passages in prose and verse,
largely varied, and on the whole fairly representative in point of style
and of difficulty. A considerable number of serviceable notes are given ;
and carefully constructed questions and themes based ou the selected
passages are appended. There is also an English Word-List, and a
very full vocabulary. The volume is designed for students that " have
advanced far enough in the study of the language to be ready for the
reading of simple literature"; and the matter has been arranged with
carefid reference to interest, variety, and proper gradation. A very
comprehensive and useful work.

A Second Course in Colluqiiial French. By Albeit Thouaille, M. es A..

(2s. 6d. Blackie.i
The volume presupposes the author's "First Course," or el-^e soim-
similar systematic course in spoken French, with the essentials of
accidence. Sixty-six le.ssous are devoted to "scenes of every day litV
described in s mple language, with questions, and conversational and
reading exercises," and are supplemented with a synopsis of grammar
and a vocabulary. The work is constructed with rigid regard to thi-
colloquial use of evei-yday trench. It has obviously involved immense
labour and care, and it is excelleutly adapted to its purpose. There are-
six illustrations.

Fedro Sanchez. By D. Jose M. de Pereda. Edited by Ralph Emerson

Bassett, Associate Professor of Romance Languages, University of

Kansas. (4s. 6d. Giun.)

The text follows the author's standard Madrid edition, but omits

many digressions and lesser episodes, without substantial harm to " the

essential character of the main narrative as a specimen of modem

Spanish realism in its mo.st classiial spirit, and as a reflection of Spanish

politics, unique in its impressiveness. from the middle of last century."

Jnu. 1, 19()'».]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

31

The nairative ceutres in the revohition of 1854, of which Pereda was a
spectator while a student at Madrid : and the work ranks as one of
the author's most finished productions. The introduction treats very
fully of Pereda and his work, and sketches the historical situation. The
notes are adequate and generally helpful, and a very careful and com-
plete vocabulary is appended. The volume will be most useful and
agreeable to students of Spanish and of Spain.

"Heath's Modem Language Series."— (1) El Trova'lijr, por Antonio
Garcia Gutierrez, edited'by H. H. Vaughan, Ph.D., Instructor in
the Uni%-ersity of Michigan. (Is. 6d.) (2) io i'osi^Kv,, por Tamayo
y Baus, edited by Philip Harry and Alfonso de Salvio, Instruc-
tors m Romance Langu.age, Xorth-Westem University. (Is. 6d.)
(3) SpiiHinh Voiiipositioii, compiled and edited by Alfred Reray,
Instructor in Modei-n Languages in the Commercial High School,
Brooklyn. (Is. 6d.) (Harrap.)
Both (1) and ('!) have short biograi)hical introductions, brief notes, and
full vocabularies. Perhaps the notes might have been extended with
advantage, but they wUl be helpful so far as they go. Both plays
are interesting and distinctive examples of the modem Spanish drama.
(3 1 furnishes carefully chosen English passages, dealing exclusively with
Spain and Spanish life, cus'oms, and institutions, for translation into
Spanish. It is intended for students that have already had practice in
easy translation and retranslation. All the three volumes wiU be very
serviceable both in the schoolroom and in private study.

EXGLISH LITERATURE.

" The Cambridge English Classics."— (1) and |2) The Jrni/.s of Francf,
Beaumont and John Fletcher, Yols. V. and VI. (3) The Complete
IVo'ks of George Gascoigne, Vol.1. (4) Snmnel liiiller: Characters and
Passages from Note-Books. (4s. 6d. net each volume. Cambridge
University Press.)
(1) and (2). Each of the new volumes of Beaumont and Fletcher
contains five plays, admirably edited by A. R. Waller, M.A. The text
is printed from the folio of 1679, together \vith a complete record of the
earlier vai-iant readings from the folio of 1647 and from all the quartos.
The edition will be an immense boon to the student of English dramatic
literature. There will be four more volumes of text and one volume of
explanatory notes, glossary, and other material useful alike to the student
and to the general reader. (3) The first Gascoigne volume contains
The Posies, edited by John W. Cimlifte, M.A., D.Lit.Lond., Profes.sor ot
English in the University of "Wisconsin, as "corrected, perfected, and
augmented by the Authour, 1575." The posies are of ''Flowers,"
" Hearbes," and "Weedes," with various alternate pieces — "the de-
lectable history of sundry adventures passed by Dan Bartholomew of
Bathe," ' ■ The Fruites of Warre" {Duke P,eltnin iii:-xpertis),\-wo dramatic
works ('-Supposes" and "Jocasta"), "The Pleasant Fable of Fer-
dinando Jeronimi and Leonora de Valasco"; and there are added
''Cenayne Notes of Instruction concerning the Making of Verse."
The matter is most varied and often curious; and wide scope is
afforded for both literary and linguistic study. The variants are
laboriously collected in appendix. Another volume will be needed for
the rest of Gascoigne's works. (4) The larger portion of Butler's
"Characters" is a reprint from Thyer — somewhat less than half the
present vol' ime ; the rest of the "Characters" and the whole of the
' ■ Miscel antous and Reflections on various Subjects" are now printed
for the first time from the British Museum MSS. Mr. "Waller aeknow-
lediies substantial assistance from Miss Edith J. Morlej', to whom •' is
due the sole credit for the very laborious work of having transcribed
from, and first collated with, the MS. these further 'Characters' and
the passages from Butl- r's notebooks, and for having- thereby materially
assisted in the production of a complete text of Butler's works" ; and
to Mr. George Brown for the further checking of the transcript and the
proofs with the original MS., &o. The matter is incisive and ipiaint and
remarkably varied. The critical notes in append x are not very numer-
ous, but they are carefully compiled. All these volumes are very valu-
able additions to the admirable series.
Modern Studies. By Oliver Elton, Professor of English Literature in

the University of Liverpool. (7s. 6d. net. Edward Arnold.)
The volume contains about a dozen articles reprinted from different
reviews and journals with numerous alterations and additions. The
scope is wide and of varied interest, and the treatment of each subject
is substantial and capable. " Literarj' History," "Literary Fame,"
and "A "W'ord on Mysticism" are among the more comprehensive
themes. "Giordano Bruno in England" connects English and Con-
tinental literature, and establishes a relation with suo-eeding articles on
Spenser and Shakespeare, the latter of which, however, is speeificaDy
concerned with four recent critics — Brandes, Bradley, Cliurton Collins,
and Raleigh. The others treat of Tennyson, Swinburne. Meredith,
Henry James, and '-Living Irish Literature" The criticism is well
informed and discriminating, with much collateral illumination and
independent judgment. The whole volume is most interesting and
suggestive.

POETRY FOR SCHOOL AND HOJIE.

Tlie Calf of the Uoinetaiid, a collection of English Verse selected and

arranged by R. P. Scott, LL.D., and Katharine T. "VVaUas, M.A., in

two volumes (Is. (id. net each. Blackiel. is one of the very best of recent

( Continned on fifje 32. )

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PfiESS.

THE OXFORD GEOGRAPHIES.

EditMil bv A. .1. IlERBERTSON.

PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY, "^i^it L

H.V.J. F. UNsrEAO. Willi 27 IlUistrutions, Is. 6cl.

In preimmti.,11. Part II, Is. bd. The tin: Parts will fje issued bound

together, 2s. bit.

OXFORD LIBRARY OF TRANSLATIONS.

3s. Od. net per \o\.
BooimnH.— "A series ot translations displaying a scholarship and a cHre_ which
have hitherto been almost exclusively reserved to the recension of the texts.'

Virail. Yj;(r volumes.

Translated by J. .Iackson. ^Vith Introduction and Notes. On Oxford
India paper, 4s. 6'l. net.

Plato's Republic.

Translated, witli Introduction and Aual.vsis, by Benjamix Joweti.
2 vols. Also on Oxford India paper, complete in one vol., 7s. 6d. net.

Hesiod.

Tniiislau-d Ij.v .V. "W. Mww. With Introduction and Appendices.

Stat i us' Silvae.

■liiioslated b.v U. A. .Sl.itek. With lutiodHction and Xotcs.

A BOOK OF VERSE FOR BOYS AND
GIRLS.

Compiled by .J. C. S.lllTlI. Part I, paper, 3d. ; cloth, 4d. Part Il.paper, 6d. ;

cloth, 8d. hut III, paper. Is. ; cloth. Is. 3d. Parts I-III, cloth, 2s. becond

Impression. , , . . ,, ,..1.1^

Prenaratoni Schools iJCT'eMi.— This set of anthologies is assuredly one of the best

ever produced' for use in schools. The editor's knowledge of English poetry is wide,

and his laste flawless."

THE TRIPLED CROWN

1.1 Ir

for the age of six to sixteen, chosen
Cloth, 3s. 6d. net ; on Oxford India pa^er.

.4 Hook of Eni-'lish. .Scotch

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Church Times.—" One of the most refreshing anthologies ever collected.

SELECT ENGLISH CLASSICS.

Edited, with Introductions, by A. T. (Jiullek-Couch. Paper, each 3d.;,
cloth, each 4d.
Preparatoni Schools Beview. — " These little texts are a most valuable and
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in schools. . . . The selections in many cases break new gromid and are exactly
what is most wanted."

NEW VOLUMES.

BLAKE. Poems. 32 pages.

ROBERT BROWNING. Poems. 48 pages.

COLERIOGB. Poems. 48 pa^t s.

EARLY ENGLISH LYRICS, \^■|tll filossarial Xotes. 48 pages.

EVEKYMRN. C(iiiiph-te Tr\t willi tllnssarial Xotes. 32 pages.

GOLDSMITH. Traveller and Deserted Village. 32 iJiiges.

IVIARVELL. Poems. 32 pagis.

MILTON AND WORDSWORTH. Sonnets. 32 pages.

NAP.ER. Peninsular War. 43 pages.

SHELLEY. Poems. 32 pages,

TENNYSON. Poems. 48 pages.

HORACE WALPOLE. Letters. 48 pages.

WALT WHITMAN. Poems. 32 pages.

THE KING'S ENGLISH.

Abridged for .Sclinol use. Is. 6,1. Also the rnaliridged Edition, 2s. net.

THE COVERLEY PAPERS FROM THE
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Editi'd. with Intnuliiitiou and .Votes, by O. M. Myees. With a Facsimile. 2s.

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Parti (367 pages) . . . Without Answers, 2s. 6d. With Answers, 3s.

THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. MARK.

Wiih liitindiiction and .Notes by the Rev. A. S. WalpOLE. Is. 61I.

Select List of Educational Works. List of Books set for various
examinations, and Complete Catalogue [144 pages) post free.

London: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, E.G.

32

TT1B BDDCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

.inthologies appealiiis to Great and Greater Britain. Its pnrpose is " to
stimulate and foster the emotions which are bound up with the love of
our country " — to " indicate the sources which nourish and ennoble our
national life." Tlie compilers wisely take care to illustrate not merely
the active and hei-oic side of patriotism, but also " the feeling:, suffering,
non-combative element, which, alike in the contemplative and the work-
.oday world, concerns all women and children and many men— those
who are never called upon to risk their lives on any field, whether of war
or of industry." The poems are carefully and suggestively classified,
and the collection is enriched by an unustial number of copyright pieces
"of great interest and merit. The task of selection has been very
arduous, but it has been guided by the right .spii'it, so that the results
are admirable. The work ought to be, and is sure to be, a great success.

A Tre'isurij of Verse fnr School nnd Home, selected and arranged by
M. G.Edgar, M.A.,infour handy Parts (Is. each, Harrap), contains
many copyright pieces as well as old favourites, and is clearly printed and
strongly boimd. — A Treiisiirij of Balhids, selected and arranged by M. G.
Edgar, M.A., and published by Messrs. Haixap, is an attractive com-
panion volume.

Messrs. MacmUlan include in their excellent series of " English
Literature for Schools," A Bonk of Poetri/ illmtratire of JSnglish History,
Part III., The Haiiorerian Dynasty, edited by G. Dowse, B.A., Assistant
Master at Preston Grammar School (9d.). The same house issues The
Sou's Book of Poftry in three Parts : (1) Jimior, (2) Intel-mediate,
(3) Senior (4d. each). The pieces (many of them copyright) are well
chosen and judiciously graded.

Fuetry for I'pper Classes, selected and arranged by Edmund Arthur
Helps, formerly one of H.M.'s Inspectors of Schools (Is. 6d., George
Bell) , is a comprehensive and varied collection excellently adapted to its
purpose. A considerable amount of useful annotation is appended.
The book is beautifully printed and strongly bound in limp cloth.

HISTORY.

Marie de Me iicis and the Court of France in the Seventeenth Century. By
Louis Battifol. Translated by Mary King and edited by H. W. C.
Davis, Fellow of BaUiol College, Oxford. (7s. 6d. net. Chatto
»& AViudus. )
M. Battifol " aims at presenting the iiicture of a French Queen
surrounded by her court between the years 1600 and lCil7, when Marie
<le Medicis was Queen and Queen-Regent^ — a period of particular interest,
because one in which a new dynasty, but recently emerged from the
throes of civil war, had not yet suffered the fate which buries the in-
tlividuality of princes beneath the artificiality of courts and courtly
etiquette." The interest of the work, then, lies partly in the depiction
of rea! social conditions of much historical interest, but, to a large
extent, also in a fresh examination of the relations of the Government
and the administration. " Amidst all the troubles and disorders of the
sixteenth century the administrative machine proper remained all-
powerful with its spirit of narrow regulation, its tendency towards
formalism, and meticulous and peremptory ' functionalism ' " ; so that
•' the throne in France in the early seventeenth century was so far from
wielding the absolute power claimed for it by contemporary jurists as to
he circumscribed on all sides by a series of passive forces, more masters of
the State indeed than the King's self, and invoking principles of im-
memorial usage and the 'fundamental laws of the reahn.' " The
volume is a laborious and interesting contribution to the historical re-
<;on8truction of the period. There is a collotype portrait frontispiece
reproduced from the contemporary copper-plate in the British Museum.
A cheaper reissue of The Derelop,nent of the European Nations, 1870-
1900, by J. Rose Holland, Litt.D. (7s. Gd. net. Constable) will be very
welcome to students of modem history. It deals pretty fully with the
great movements and events of a generation that immediately influences the
present time, but that is too near to us to receive anything like adequate
attention in school histories. The treatment is mainly limited, as the
title indicates, to "events which had a definitely formative influence on
the development of European States," but the limitation is not pe-
danticallj- .strict. Generally refraining from "expressing a decided
verdict" on questions of motive and policy. Dr. Holland has not
hesitated " to pronounce a judg-menton the.se questions." Necessarily :
but he is much more at home in the marshalUng of facts: the Central
Asian question, for example, needs large reconsideration. The first half
of the volume, occupied with France, Germany, and Russia, seems
decidedly the better half. However, the handling generally is useful,
eveu when provocative ; and the work furnishes a convenient survey of
a veiy important period from a very practical standpoint. There are
sixteen serviceable maps and plans.

MISCELL.VNEOUS.
Httzell's Annual, edited by William Palmer (3s. 6d. net, Hazell, Watson,
& Viney), continues to justifj' its claim to be indispensable. Whatever
the topics — political, economic, educational, artistic, scientific, foreign,
or domestic, &c. — the reader is sure to find the kernel of the best and
latest information. The volume has been seriously revised and rewritten
to bring it into accord with the changing needs of the time, many new
articles introducing subjects that have come to the front since the pre-
ceding issue. The biographical section has been very u.sefully extended
in the way of giving details of foreign persons of importance that are
not readilv to be found elsewhere in English books of reference.

Sport and Athletics in lOOcS (os. net, Chapm.an & Hall) is a most
comprehensive register of " the results for the year 1908 (to November)
of all the important events in athletics, games, and every form of sport
in the United Kingdom, together with the winners, records, and notable
achievements of past years, also a full list of results in the Olympic
Games." No doubt it may fairly claim to be the standard reference
work in its sphere.

The first volume of The Country Home (5s. net. Constable) makes a
handsome record of articles and illustrations of great interest and of
practical value. Houses, gardens, fields are siuweyed from the practical
as well as the artistic point of view ; and attention is given to natural
history, rui-al industries, and country customs. The scope i9 compre-
hensive, and the execution in detail is instructive and agreeable.

NEW YEAR GIFT-BOOKS.

Fekxch LiTEi:\rui;K.

Messrs. Hachetle provide with tlieir accustomed liberality a variety
of handsome and interesting volumes for readers of French. Eita la
Gitane, by H. de Charlieu (6 fr.), is a delightful story of the later half
of the sixteenth century, when the Spanish power was at it,s height.
The hero is no less than Michel de Cervantc'S Saavedra, and Philip II.
exhibits a generosity of disposition not altogether expected. Forty-
eight graviu-es d'apres Ed. Zier. — In the charming series, " Biblio-
theqtie des Ecoles et des Families," we ha\"e (1) Excursions en France, par
Henri Boland (3 fr. 90), a book of picturesque and most interesting ■
description, with seventy illustrations : (•i, V hnfant aux fourmres, par
Adrieu Remade (3 fr.), a story of stining adventures in the mountains,
with thirty-three illustrations ; (3) Le (Ml/on Rouge, par Ivan D'Urgel
(3 fr.), concerned about the mysterious disappearance of " un cercle
d'or avec un rubis," with sixty-nine illustrations ; and (4) La Dcrnicrc
da Spartiatcs, par Georges Gustave-Toudonze (5 fr.), a strenuous narra-
tive of battle and intrigue in the war of Greek independence (1821),
with numerous illustrations. In the "Petite Bibliothcque de l.a
FamUle," we have Ma Urande. by Paul Margueritte, with illustrations
by Marold (5 fr. ) ; and in the " Bibliothcqne Rose illiLstree, " La Cousine
Gn-liile, by MUe. G du Planty, with fifty illustrations by Ed. Zier .
(3|fr.) — both of them delightful stories in their several ways. — Mon
Journal, " recueil illustre en couleurs pour les enfants de 8 a 12ans"
; 1 0 ft'. ' , is as fresh and interesting as ever. All these volumes furnish
excellent reading in easy French.

The Almanach Hachette, "petite encyclopedic populaire de la vie
pratique." contains the usual extraordinary variety of useful and curious
information, with a profusion of illustrations, and in tasteful get-up.

More Good Things fob the Childeex.

Messrs. Constable provide an attractive edition of The Arabian Xiyhl^
in fine round print and handy fonn, with some 130 illustrations by W.
Heath Robinson, Helen Stratton, and other artists (3s. 6d. net) — a de-
lightful volume for young readers.

The Gateway to Shakespeare for children (Nelson) is a very handsomi'
book, containing selections from seven of the plays and from Lamb's
"Tales," with a life of Shakespeare and some account of Charles and
Mary Lamb by Mrs. Lang, and with sixteen coloured plates and many
other illustrations. A very pleasant introduction to Shakespeare, which
wiU be widely appi'eciated.

Tales from Spenser, by R. AV. Grace, Head Master of Lindisfarne Col-
lege, Westcliffe-on-Sea (5s., Fisher Unwin), is one of the most charming
books of the season. It retells the story of the Red Cross Knight in
sunple and direct language, and impresses that the days of chivalry are
not yet past, though the battle ground is changed. Twelve illustrations
by Helen S Kuck.

Mr. Fisher LTnwin offers a number of series to choose from, and one is
bound to make an agreeable choice. There is a pleasant series of " Bible
Stories for Children " (with r)ther publishers' names on the title-p.age :
Alf Cooke, Ltd. , London, and Frederick A. Stokes Co. , Xew York) : for ex -
ample, Rulh aiid hsthtr and Jiaridand Jonathan, both written by W. Mord
and illustrated (a dozen coloured illustrations in each) by E. North (Is.
each). Then there is the " Dutch Series," represented by Betty's Jlolidoy
(Is.), Lazy Peter {(,&.). a.nd. Why Minu !<■«.« G/arf i (id.), all by H. M. Howie.
Also the " Nursery Series " : for example, Penelope's Escape, by Grete
Hahn (Is.), Mother's Jiirthday, by Eric Slowell (6d.), and The Dumys oi'
Awdrey, by J. C. D. Boyd ((id ). The •' Willie Wimple Series " : The
Mayic Forge (Is.) and The Bear beneath the Stairs (6d.), both by John Lea.
The " Bird Series " : Bird Twitterings, by Alton Towers (Is.), and Baby
lllossoin at the Farm and Grandfather Seagull (6d. each), both by M. F.
Howie. The " Ai-abian Series": Persian Tales (2s. 6d ), The Foolish
Tailor and Tlie Golden Boul (Is. each), all by W. Jlord. The " Cartone
Series": Bible Pictures — twelve full-page illusti'ations in colour by
F. Elphick, mounted on stronj: cardboard (2s. 6d.). In all these series
the letterpress — prose and verse — is suitable for children ; and the get-up
is attractive. Each of the shilling books has eight, and each of the
sixpenny books has four, full-page coloured illustrations and numerous
black-and-white drawings.

There is also the "Monarch Series." Alt the Monarchs of Merry
\ ( Continued on page 34. j

Jan. 1, V.W.).']

THE EDUCATIONAL TIM PJS.

33

MR. MURRAY'S NEW BOOKS.

By W. C. PLAMSTBA.D WALTERS, M.A.,

Professor- of Classical Literature in King's College, London.

and R. S CONWAY, Litt.D.,

Professor of Latin in the University of IVIanchester.

LIMEN. A First Latin Book,

Croini Sfi>. pp. xx'u+:'u 6 2S. 6d. Also In Tim /'arts. \.^. H(l. ntc/i.

SUPPLEMENT FOR TEACHERS, CONTAINING HINTS ON THE ORAL METHOD, 6d.

As soon at, tlie influence of the Classical Association began to
make itself felt, it became evident that a new First Latis Book
must be written. To supply this need, Sir. Murray, as long ago as
1904, invited the help of two well-known classical scholars who had
wide experience as teachers, and who had also from the beginning
supported the Classical Association and the reforms which it
advocated.

The end which they have kept in view throughout has been to
produce a book which should not only be worthy of the old English
tradition of sound scholarshijj, but should make suitable use of the
recent increase of archa>ological and linguistic knowledge, and
should further embody, as far as possible, the fruits of much recent
and valuable discussion on the order of the course and the methods
of teaching. They have endeavoured also so to shape the study as
to draw from it the help whiub it has to offer towards the teaching

of English syntax and etymology, and of the history of Britain.

In the preparation of lAmen the authors have consulted a nirmber
of distinguished teachers of Classics in schools of many different
types, as will be seen by a reference to the Preface.

They have counted it essential that the book should serve both as
a Reader and a Grammar, so that from the first possible moment —
ue. as soon as they know the simplest verbal construction — the
pupils should begin to read some continuous Latin. They have
therefore composed a series of Reading Lessons, carefully adapted
in Accidence, Syntax, and Vocabulary to the stage at which they
are introduced, describing, inter alia, in a connected form some of
the most characteristic incidents in the History of Rome. The
Accidence begins with the simplest verbal forms, on p. 12 ; the
first Reading Lesson follows the introduction of the Accusative,
on p. 25.

A NRW KYSTKM TN CHKMTSTRY TK ACHING An Introductory History of England.

By J. B. RUSSELL, B.So. (Lond.),
Formerly Senior Science Master at the Grammar School, Burnley.
THE TEACHER'S BOOK.

Notes on the Teaching of Elementary

Chemistry.

With a Sequence of l^xperiments on Air and Combustion. 2s. Cd.

THE PDPIL'S BOOK.

Notes on Elementary Chemistry

for

the Use of Schools. 2s. Gd.

In this book an atteni[it has been made to solve the chief difSculty
a teacher of chemistry has to contend with, i.e. that of a test-book
forestalling the practical work. A filing arrangement is used instead
of the ordinary method of binding, and each lesson is printed as a
detachable Section, which should not be filed by the pupil until he
has written his own record of the work done.

iVIURRAY'S FRENCH TEXTS.

FOR UPPER AND MIDDLE FORMS.
Edited by W. G. Hartog, M..A. (Lond.), Lecturer in French at
University College, Ijondon ; Oral Examiner to the London
Couiily Cuuiicil and to the Army Qualifying Board.

La Mare au Diable. Par George Sand. Is. 6d.

Confessions d'un Ouvrier. ParEMiLESouvESTRE.

Bug=Jargal. Par Victor Htioo. Is. Gd.

La Venus d'lUe et la Dame de Pique.

Par Prosper Mekimee. Is. 6d.
This series consists of selections from the mastcipieces of
nineteenth-century French authors. Each volume will contain :
Notes (which are given only when necessary to clear up obscurity
and arc printed at the bottom of the page) ; a series of questions
upon the text ; grammatical drill upon points which arise in the
course of reading ; suggestions for free composition, parsing, dicta-
tion, Ac, and a biographical note (in simple French) descriptive of
the career of the author.

From Montaigne to Moliere.

Or the Preparation for the Classical Age of French Literature.
By Arthur Tillev, Fellow and Lecturer of King's College,
Cambridge. 5s. net.

From the Earliest Times till the Year 1832.

By C. R. L. Fletcher, M.A., late Fellow of Magdalen
College, Oxford. With Coloured and other Maps, Plans, and
Index.

Vol. ni. of Mr. C. R. L. Fletcher's Introdnetorij Histori/ of
England — carrying the story down to the end of the American War
of Independence — will be published shortly. Owing to its length,
it will be necessary to issue this volume in two separate parts.

ALREADY PUBLISHED.

Vol. I.— FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF
THE MIDDLE AGES. 5s.

Vol. II.— FROM HENRY \T:I. TO THE RESTORATION, os.

" It is a truism to speak of such simplicity in complexity as being
only attainable by ripe scholarship and security of knowledge ; but
5Ir. Fletcher's feat is remarkable enough to be allowed to endow an
old truth with new value." — The Journal of Education.

"Neither Mr. Rudyard Kipling nor Mr. Henry Newbolt has a
happier touch than his in drawing you a man or in picturing a
battlefield ; while his vivid, homely maimer of sketching the stages
of constitutional, legal, and social progress is original and most
helpful." — Child Life.

"... We commend it to the notice of schoolmasters sick of the
arid typical text-book." — Academy.

" The method may be regarded as approximating to the ideal." —

Athenieuni .

The Teaching of Grammar.

By 1jAur.\ E. BR-4CKENBURV, 51. A.. Principal of the Clapham
Day Training College. 2s.

A Primer of_ Ethics.

With Questions and Examination Papers. By E. E. Con-
stance Jones, Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge. Is.

This is the latest addition to Jlr. Murray's Series of Primers.
Other volumes are ; Philosophy, by A. S. Rappoport ; Physiology,
by E. H. ST.iKLiNG ; The Use of Words, by Miss Kinkear; Logic,
by E. E. Constance Jones ; and Psychology, by Laura E.
Brackesbuky. Prosijcctus on application.

JOHN MURRAY. ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON, W.

34

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES

[.Ian. 1, 1909.

liiivl'iid, from William I. to Edward VII., couMiHts of " liuraoroiis
rhymes of historical times,'' by Roland Carse, with forty illustrations in
colour and black and white by W. Heath Robinson (15s., Fisher Unwin).
The history is told in free-and-ea-y vei'sitioation, and the illustrations
are broadly humorous. At the glorious Revolution the writer pulls up
somewhat suddenly : he gives only half-a-dozen pages (out of 252) to
the later events. The binding, in full leather, is gorgeous. The work
appears also in two volumes of a somewhat less magnificent outfit (6s. or
6s. each, according to bin ling) : and in four Parts (2s. 6d. each).

Mcs,srs Chatto & Windus add three new volumes to their long series of
" Dumpv B..oks for Children" : (1) The Slor,/ of ,in Irish Pota'o, by LUy
Schofield ; (2) Vie Little Frcnehmau, text by Eden Coybu, illustrations
by K. J.Fricero; and (3) Simple vimoH, by Helen Reid Cross (Is. net
each) The illustrations are humorous and clever.

Messrs. Jack include in their charming " Told to the Children Series "
1) Stories from tlie Bnlhvis, by Mary Macgregor, with pictures by
Katharine Cameron, and (2) Stories of Siegfried, by Mary Macgregor,
with pictures by Granville Fell (Is. 6d. net cloth ; Is. boards). Both
volumes will be voted delightful.

The Rest.
The OhiWiood of Man, by Leo Frobenius, translated by Br. A. H.
Keaue (16s. net, Seeley), may be regarded as a Christmas or New Year
book in virtue of its 415 illustrations and its liberal and tasteful get-up.
It is " a popular account of the lives, customs, and thoughts of the
primitive races" — popular, not in the sense of an elementi.ry sketch of
the more picturesque aspects of the subject, but in the sense of a simple
pi-esentation of the essential characteristics as discovered by real scientific
inquiry, and more especially by the prolonged and severe original
investigations of the author. Dr. Frol'cnius has based his work sub-
stantially upon the products especially of infantile crafts and industries,
which he assiduously collected from all piirts of the world. He describes
(with illustrations) the nature of the action of the various mechanical
and other contrivances of rude and barbarous people, and he essays to
trace these, as -well as the traditions, legends, and general folk-lore of
the lower races, to their origins in remote prehistoric times. Though
some of his theories wiU, no doubt, be contested by anthropologists, still
his work is an extremely able and suggestive, as well as laborious,
attempt at scientific explanation of a most difticidt and obscure mass of
questions. The general reader will be abie to f .Uow the exposition with
ease, and the interest is continuously sustained throughout the work.
The illustrations are of exceptional excellence and value.

Thiniis Seen in China, by J. R. Chitty (2s , Seeley), is a charming
addition to an instructive and agreeable series. The first thing that
strikes a Westerner about the Chinese is "the sense of contrariness,"
and too many of them fail to get beyond that. The writer, however,
has dwelt among the Chinese and knows them well enough to recognize
" the many great qualities and the outstanding mental capacity of the
most remarkable of Oriental peoples," " whom the Western world still
ventures to patronize." The essential characteristics of Chinese
life — familial, social, commercial, artistic, literary, and religious — are
piquantly described, and there are fifty effective illustrations.

Six Girls, by Fanny Bell Irving iSs. 6d., Fisher Unwin), is " a home
■story." It has had a run of more than twenty years in America, where,
the American publishers say, "its success seems to be growing rather
than diminishing." All the more generous is it on their part to arrange
that our girls on this side may at last have an opportimity of perusing
these "wholesome, joyous, and fascinating pages."

Victories of the Engineer, by Archibald WiUiams (3s. 6d., Nelson), is
a popular record of great undertakings successfully carried out by
engineers in different parts of the world and in diverse forms; railways,
ships, bridges, dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, canals, harbours, tunnels,
mines, iind so on — an extremely interesting (not to say astonishing) book,
with two hundred and sixty illustrations.

Ilighirngs and Bgiravs in Siirreg, by Eric Parker (6s., MacmiUan), is a
charming book describing in detail such part of Surrey as remains un-
en^ulted in London, and working in the vast and varied lore that has
o-rown up in connexion -with a multitude of places and scenes. The
illustrations, which must number somewhere about one hundred and fifty,
are admirable examples of Mr. Hugh Thomson's delicate and sugges-
tive art.

Messrs. Gay and Hancock issue opportimely a third edition of Pushing
fo the Front, or Success under Difficulties, by Orison Swett Marden (3s. 6d.)
—" a book of inspiration and encouragement to all who are struggling
for self -elevation along the paths of knowledge and of duty." An
excellent book for young people to read.

Life Histories of Familiar Plants, by John J. Ward (68., Cassell), is
intended primarily "to assist that large and gi-owing class of non-pro-
fe-sional Nature investigators who derive pleasure fi-om seeking the
Why and the Wherefore of details in plant structure and the relation
of these details to animal life." It is written in a popular style, free from
technicalities (as far as may be), and it is fidl of interest. There must
be many boys and girls, as well as grown persons, that would be
delighted with it.

In the charming " Red Letter Library" there is Sesame and Lilies, and
Unto This Last, by John Ruskin, with an introduction by Alice MeyneU
1 2s. 6d. net, Blacliie). The whole series is a magazine of excellent little
rift-books.

FIRST GLANCES.

Classics.

Basis Latina : an Introduction to Latin through the Language to the
Literature. By Edward Vernon Arnold, assisted by Walter Ripp-
mann. Part I. : Introduction, Syllabus, Grammar Notes, Vocabu-
lary, Index. Is. 6d. Dent.

[Deserves the careful attention of teachers of Latin.]

Cicero: Philippic Orations, I., II., III., V., VII. Edited by John R
King. Second edition, revised by A. C. Clark, Fellow of Queen's
College, Oxford. 3s. 6d. Clarendon Press.

I Introduction and notes are taken almost entirely from King's
larger edition. Mr. Clark has settled the text and revised the notes.
Excellent school edition ]

Latin Prose, A Junior. By H. N. Asman, M.A., B.D., Second Master
of Owen's School, Islington. 2s. 6d. Methuen (Junior School
Books).

[For Oxford and Cambridge Junior Local and like Examinations.
Salient points of syntax ; short introduction to prose composition ;
short exercises on syntax ; continuous passages for pro.se ; vocab-
ulary. Very careful and serviceable.]

Latin Prose Composition. By W. R. Hardie, M.A., Professor of
Humanity in the University of Edinburgh, formerly Fellow of
Balliol College, Oxford. 4s. 6d. Edward Arnold.

[Part I. , Notes on grammar, stj'le, and idiom. Part II., English
passages for translation into Latin.]

Martial, Select EpigTams of : Speotaculorum Liber and Books I. -VI.
Edited, from the text of Prof. Lindsay, by R. T. Bridge, II. A.,
and E. D. C. Lake, M A., Assistant Masters at Charterhouse.
3s. 6d. Introduction and Notes separately, 2s. Clarendon Press.

[For upper forms. Introduction gives connected accoimt of certain
features of Roman life constantly referred to in the epigrams
Notes concise, especially directed to explanation of the thought and
point of the epigi'ams. Scholarly ; exceUeot.]

Algebra.

Algebra, Elementary. By C. H. French, M.A., and G. Osbom, M.A.,
Mathematical Masters at the Leys School, Cambridge, formerlv
Scholars of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. 4s. 6d. Cambridge
University Press.

[Revised and enlarged, the changes being in accordance with
modem methods. Distinctive simplicity of style. Examples largely
original ; others selected from examination papei-s set at Cambridge
and elsewhere. Answers. Excellent.]

Algebra, Elementary, for the use of Higher Grade and Secondary
Schools. By P."Ross. M.A., B.Sc, Head Mathematical Master o1
Broughton junior Student Centre and Higher Grade School, Edin-
burgh. Parts I. and II. (in one volume), 4s. 6d. Part II., separ-
ately, 2s. 6d.

[Stress on main principles; in selection of material, "preference
has always been given to the theory and examples which lead to an
immediate practical application." Examples abundant ; answers.]

Algebr.a. Elementary, Cassell's. By V M. Tombull, M.A., Senioi
Mathematical Master at the Perse School, Cambridge. 2s. 6d.
Cassell. .

[As far as Geometrical Progression, -with Indices and Logarithms
Mainly oral and written exercises ; illustrative examples worker i .
Gradual development from arithmetical processes. Examples plenti-
ful ; no answers.]

Algebra for Secondary Schools. By Charles Davison, Sc.D., Mathe-
matical Master at King Edward's High School, Birmingham. 6s.
Cambridge University Press.

[For highest classes in secondary schools.]

Algebra, School. By W. E. Paterson, M.A. Cantab., B.Sc. Lond.
Mathematical Master, Mercers' School, London. Part I., witl
answers, Ss. ; without answers, 2s. 6d.

[Simple explanations ; experimental method ; practical sugges-
tions ; revi.sion and repetition. Abundant examples.]

French.
Blaokie's Modem Language Series.— (1) La Belle aux Cheveux d'Oi
(Mme. D'Aulnoy), edited by A. J. Berwick. L.L.A., and A. Barwell.
B.A. Is. (2) La Mare au Diable (George Sand), edited by Mrs
Margaret Pease. Is. 6d. (3) Vivent Les Vacances! by Clemeuce
Saunois, Olficier d'Academie. Is.

(1) Vocabularies, questionnaires, retranslation exercises, and pas-
sages for recitation. " Term reader for elementary French classes in
secondary schools." (2) First chapter omitted; text otherwis^
adapted. Brief notes; vocabulary. (3) Scenes et conversation-
famUieres et instructives, for middle forms in ladies' schools. Pre-
face by M. George Petilleau, B.A. : illustrations by R. Hope.
Bright, amusing, and very instructive.]
Grammar, A Short French. By Otto Siepmann, Head of the Modem
Language Department at Clifton College. 2s. 6d. MacmiUan.

[Essentials of Accidence and Sjmtax, with notes on pronunciation.

Jan. 1,1909.]

THK KDUCATIONAL TIMES.

35

versifiration, aid etymology. Keal difficulties of Euglifih pupils
specially met. Written in English (a,s it ought to be). A thoroughly
good, practical book.]

Reader, Practical French. By John Francis Davis, D.Lit., M A. Lond. ,
Assistant Examiner in English in the University of Ijondon. and
Ferdinand Thomas, B.A., B.Sc, Assist ant Examiner in French in
the University of London. 2s. Omega Press (O.xford ; and 13 Pater-
noster Row, E C. ).

[Well chosen and graduated passages — prose (127) and verse 20).
Full vocabulary. Most serviceable ]

Stead. — Collection Stead. No. 12 : Les Enfants perdus dans le Bois, et
antres Contes (Barbe Bleue, Ali Baha, &c.). 2d. net. Stead's
Publishing House, 39 Whitefriars Street, E.G.

I Adaptation fran(,'aise par Mile. Latappy, Agregce de I'Univer-
site. Illustrations nouveUes de Brinsley Le Fauu. Delightful
reading for beginners (slightly advanced). Pictures remarkably
good and numerous at the price.]

By L. Harcourt. Is. 6d.

Geeman.
Beginners, German for. Parts 1. and II
net and 2s. net. Whittaker.

[Third edition, revised and illustrated. Reader and grammar
combined; extracts thoroughly German in subject and feelmg, and
from best authors. Graduated carefully as to grammatical dif-
ficulties.]
Gram nar. A Gei-man, for Schools and Colleges. By Francis Kingsley
Bull, Ph.D. 2s, 6d. Heath (Modem Language Series).

[Grammar, numerous exercises both ways (easily adaptable to con-
versation!, vocabulary. CarefuUy constructed and practically tested.
Very good.]
Grammar, German, Conversational, Bedford High School. Second
Tear. By A. Mever, Teacher of German at the High School, Bed-
ford. 2s. 6d. Blackie. -. - .

[Reading passages, with exercises and explanation, grammar four directrices correspond-
intermixed. Vocabularies. Thoroughly practical and interesting ; i ing to the focus S for conies
well printed and stronu-ly bound ] ABC ; and they make a quadrilateral having ABC for diagonal tri

Heath's Modei-n Language Series.-BurgNeideck(Riehl). Edited by 1 '"^"Sle. Now, an>^ conic touching the '

J. B. E. Jonas. Is. 6d. Harrap.

[Brief biographical introduction; siifficient notes; exercis.'S in

MATHEMATICS.

16532. (S. Nar.wana .\iyar.)— S is a variable point on the oiroum-
circle of a fi.Kod triangle ABC. For different positions of the point S
four systems of conies can be described circumscribing the triangle
ABC with S as focus. Show th.it the directrices of each system of
these coaics are concurrent and that the points of concurrence are the
in- and ex-centres of the trianJie ABC.

pSf.B. — The Proposer's question was sent in prior to the publication
of the Note by Mr. Davis to which the solver refers. — Ed.]

Solution by C. E. Youngilas, M.A.

This has been very sim-
ply proved in a note by Mr.
R. F. Davis (see Educa-
tional Times, March, 1908).
Generalizing a little, take
S any point in the plane ;
draw DEF the radical axis
of S and the circle ABC,
cutting the sides at D, E,
F ; and, with these points
as centres, draw circles
through S, giving dd', ec',
ff. They cut ABC ortho-
gonally, therefore dd' are
harmonic conjugates be-
tween B and C ; therefore
Sd, Sd' bisect the angles
BSC, and divide BC in the
ratio BS : SC. Hence d'ef,
de'f, def, d'e'f are the

conversation and composition ; vocabulary. Very useful ]
Nouns, German. Irregular, in Rhyme. By N. E. Toke. New and re-
vised edition. Gibbs (Cauterbuiy).

Plays. (1) Herr Peter Squenz (Gryphius). Edited by Sydney H. Moore,
Modem Language Master at the School for Sins of .Missionaries,
Blackheath. 2s. (2) Vier Kleine Lustspiele fiir die Jugend. By
Kate Weber. Is. 6d. Edward Arnold.

[(1) Curious: modernized. Considerable introduction ; short ex-
planatory notes; exercises for retranslation. (2) Amusing: in
ordinary everyday language. Attractive .and practically service-
able. Vocabulary.]

Education.

Board of Agriculture and Fisheries. Various practical leaflets.

Board of Education — (1 How to become a Teacher in a PubUc Elemen-
tarj School, ii (2| The Problem of Rural Schools and Teach-
ers in North America. (6d. No. 13. E lucatioual Pamphlets)
(3) List of Secondary Schools in England Recoitnized as E£fi dent,
withaList of Recognized P. -T. Centres, 19U7-S. «d. 14) Teach-
ing of History in Secondary Schools Circular 599). Id.
(n) Memorandum in Explanation and Expansion of Circular 599
(S. Memorandum 6). Wyman.

Cambridge University : 1) Higher Local Examinations. Fortieth Annual
Report of the Syndicate. 19 8. fid. (2) Regulations for July and
December. 1909. (3j Schedules for Scientific Subjects. Cambridge
University Press.

Chile, Anales de la Universidad de. May-December, 190S.

City and Guilds of London Institute : Department of Technology. Re-
port for Session 1907-S. John Murray.
[Careful, adequate, and progressive.]

Columbia University. Report, 1908.

English Association. Leaflet No. 8: Types of English Curricula in
Girls' Secondary Schools.

.Tohns Hopkins University Circular, No. 8, 1908.

Kelsey, F. W., Various Papers by. (1) !» there a Science of Classical
Philology ? (reprinted Irom Classical Philolotn/. October, 190S. (2) Some
ArchiBological Forgeries from Michigan (reprinted from the Ameri-
cnn Anthropnlngist, March, 1908.) (3) Codrus's Chiron and a Paint-
ing from Herculaneum (reprinted from the American Joitrual of
Archccology, 1908j.

Literature, A Plea for. By S. E. Dawson, C.M.G., Lit.D. Presidential
Address to the Royal Society of Canada.

■Newcastle-upon-TjTie Education Commii^tee. R^'port January, 1906 —
July, 1908.

JNorth Wales, University College of. Calendar for 1908-9.

angle. Now, any conic touching the.se four lines has director-circle
coaxal with (D), (E), (P), and therefore passing through S and cutting
.\BC orthogonally ; and if we fix one of these conies, we shall provide
both a locus for S and an envjlope for the directrices, and obtain the
proposition : If the focus S of a conic .\BC be made to describs a circle
orthogonal to the circle ABO, the corresponding directrix will touch
the conic which has that circle for'director, and with respect to which
ABC is a self-polar triangle.

In particular, when the circle shrinks to a point, that is, when S lies
on the circle .-VBC, the directrices touch a rectangular hyperbola having
S for centre : and the points of contact must be the in- and ex-centres
of ABC ; for if p, q, r stand for AS, BS, CS, the trilinear equations of
d'ef, &c. are i^aiigbSircy = 0; but by Ptolemy's Theorem
pa = qb^rc ; therefore each directrix goes through one of the centres.

16543. (A. M. Nesbitt, M.A.) — EF is a common tangent to two
circles, ADBE and ADCP. CDB is drawn parallel to EP, and G is
the harmonic conjugate of D with respect to BC. If the circles GDA
and EDP cut in H, prove that DH is perpendicular to BC.

Solution by Dr. E. J. Edwabdes.
0, P, N are centres of circles GDA, DEP, CDP respectively ; since
DH is a common chord of the circles 0, P, therefore DH is perpen-
dicular to their central line PO. Produce FN to meet BO in K ; PC
meets HD in Z and PK in T ; HD meets EP inL. Since in quadri-
lateral ZTPL the angles at Z and F are right angles, therefore I L
and ^ZrP are supplementary; also since DK is parallel to LP,
therefore the angles at L and D are supplementary ; therefore
/_ ZDK = Z. ZTP ; and therefore ZDKT is a cyclic quadrilateral, but
the two opposite angles DKT and DZT are right angles ; therefore also
the angles ZDK and KTZ are right angles, and thus HD is perpen-
dicular to BC.

16513. (The late R. W. D. Christie.)— Find an endless chain of
integral solutions of A^ * B- = C^ where A-B = a- + 6^, C-A = a',
C — B = 2(J-, are all integers.

Solutions (I ) by Lt.-Col. Allan Cunningham, R.E.
(II.) by Professor Sanj.ana, M.A.
(I.) Numbering the equations
A= + B- = C2, A-B = a2,62_ C-A = a", G-B = '2dr-...{l,2,3, 4).
Here (2), (.3), (4) give a- + b- = Id^ — a-, whence

a- d--lb- (5).

Or, a^ = d- — 2 (J6)-, so that b must be even, and a, b, d must be .if

forms a = a--23-, |& = 2a/3, f? = a=-H2;3- (6).

Also, by (1), A, B, C must be of forms

B = f=-M--, k=itu, C = t- + u- (7).

36

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

Here o, p. i, u are connected by the relations (2), (3), (4) (equivalent
to only two independent relations). Here (4) and (Y) give

u = d (8).

Also (2) and (7) give ■2tii-t-+i(- = a- + h-, (3) and (7) give

<' + ?(-— 2f!(. = a'-,
whence t- — 2tu=—^b-. Hence, by (8), t-~2tH + v" = dr—ib- = a',

by (5). Hence t-u = ±a, t = u±a=cl = a (9).

Finally, a, b, d are given by (G), where a, B are arbitrary integers, and
A, B, C are given by (7), wherein /, ;; are given by (8), (9).

[Rest in Beprint.]

11215, 15116, & 16397. (11-216.) (Professor Lemoine.) — Sur les
jjerpendiculaires MA', MB', MC abaissees d'un point M sur les cotes
du triangle ABC on prend respectivement les points A", B", C" tels que

MA'. MA" = MB'.SIB" = MC'.MC" = p-.
Quel que soit p, le triangle A"B"C" est perspectif avec ABC et le centre
de perspective est sur I'hyperbolo equilatere ABCM.

(15116.) (C. E. YouNOJiAN, M.A.)— If H be the orthocentre of ABC,
and DEF any transversal, perpendiculars from A, B, 0, H on HD, HE,
HP, DEP will meet at P. If this be still true when H is simply a fixed
point in the plane, find the locus of P and the envelope of DEP.

(16397.) (Henry Riddell, M.E.) — If two parabolas touch the sides
of a triangle, and with the intersection of their directrices as focus a
third parabola be described, and a tangent to this curve cut the sides of
the triangle. Then, if the focus of this third parabola be joined to the
three intersections of the tangent with the sides of the triangle, and
upon each of these joining lines perpendiculars be let fall from the
vertex opposite the side concerned, these three perpendiculars will meet
in a point, and the locus of this point is a circle.

Solution byC. E. Youngman, M.A.

Direct proofs of Question 11215 are given in the Ileprint, Vol. xm.,
pp. 67, 93, New Series ; but the following, though long, may still be
worth while, as it brings in wider connexions.

Let M„ Mj, M:, be the images of M in BC, CA, AB; and H„ H.,, H;,
those of the orthocentre H ; and let MM,, ..., cut the sides of ABC
at A', Bi, Cs ; B', C,, A. ; C, A,, B.^, as in the figure. Then the pomts

A, Mo, M.i, Bj, Ci are concyclic, for AMo and AM3 both subtend at B^
and Cj the same angle (90°— A) as AM; and, similarly, BM^MjCoAi
and GMiMoAqB, are ooncyclic.

These three circles, w-ith the lines HiJI,, H-ilM,, HjM;, (the images of
HM), all meet at a point on the circle ABC. For H, already lies on
that circle ; let H,M, cut it .again at S. Then /. SM.C.j = SH,A = SBC.
or SCB, ; so that S lies on the circles BM.Cj and GM,B,. Similarly,
H»Mo and the circles ABC, CM,M.,, A5I»M.-| meet at a point, which must
he's," as two of the circles are the same .as before.

Since the projections of S on .all six lines BC, CA, AB, BjCi, C.,Ai,
AjBi are coUinear, S lies on the circum-circle of the triangle formed by
any three of them; for instance, AB3C3 formed by AB, AC, and CjA,,
and ABiCj formed by AB, AC, .and AjB,. Hence the figures SCB,B2B3
and SBCsCiCo are directly similar, and any circle through AS will cut
AG and AB at points which correspond to each other in these figures.

Let the like sides of ABC and A"B"C" meet at D, E, F. Now
C"A"G'A' are concyclic, and so are CoAjCA' ; therefore C"A" is parallel
to CjA, ; and, simibarly, A"B" to AoB,. Therefore

B,E : EB3 = B,A" : A"Cj = C3P : FCj;

therefore E and P correspond in the similar figures above, and the
circle AEF goes through S.

In the same way BPDS and CDES are concyclic ; hence DEF is a
straight line, and therefore AA", BB", CC" must meet at a point P.
And, since the projection of S on DEF lies always on the pedal line of
S, DEP envelopes a parabola with focus S inscribed in ABC.

M lies on the radical axis of any two of the circles DA'A", DB'B",
DC'C" ; therefore all three meet again at D' on DM, and

the angle B'D'M = B'B"D = ir- B'CiB, = -r-B'AM
(since M is the orthocentre of ACjB.,) ; therefore D' lies also on the
circle AB'C'M. Hence both A"D and AIM subtend a right angle at D' ;
consequently AA" is perpendicular to MD, and the transver.sal DEF is
such that perpendiculars from A, B, C on MD, ME, MF meet at P.
The triangles MEF, MCB are in orthology, having A" for one centre ;
and the other must be P ; therefore MP is perpendicular to DEP.

Reciprocate from M ; A, B, C become the sides of a triangle abc,
DEP a point p, and P a transversal def; and these are still such that
perpendiculars from a, b, c on Md, 'Mc, M/meet at y. Therefore the
envelope of def is a parabola, and the locus of P is a conic — a rect-
angular hyperbola because A, B, C, H are all special positions of P.
Since M also lies on this hyperbola, it has like properties with P :
namely, perpendiculars from P on AM, BM, CM will cut BC, CA, AB
on a line perpendicular to MP.

The focus iu Question 16397, lying on the directrices of two inscribed
parabolas, must be H. Now when M is placed at H, by "continuity"
there will still be transversals DEF with corresponding P's ; but, since
S is indeterminate, they are now free of restriction, except that P v;ill
be the reciprocal of DEF with respect to the polar circle of ABC.
Accordingly, when DEF is made to touch any conic with focus H (not
only a parabola), P will describe a circle.

16497. (Major C. H. Chepmell, (late) R.A.)— The special roots of
the cyclotomic equation a;-' — 1 = 0 are given by the sextic

■>/-y'-6y' + 6f + Sy- — 8y + l = 0 {y = x + l/x),
and this can be resolved into two cubics

2y*-2/^-2/-5±v/(21)(r-2/-l) =0.
Resolve the sextic into three quadratics, the coefBcients of which
depend on w, 1/(1 — 01), (« — 1)/(b, the three roots of a' + a'- — ■lai ~ I =0
the 7-cyclotomic equation .

Remarks by Professor SANJ.iNA, M.A.
The special roots of s^' — I = 0 are readily obtained by the usual
algebraic process. We have to equate to zero
[(x=i-l)/(x'-l)]/[(x'-l)/(a;-l)] = (a:» + a:? + l)/(x= + a; + l)

= x'2— a;" + i'— x' + E*— a' + x-'- x+ 1 ;
hence, dividing by a/ and putting x + 1/x = y, wo get

y'' — y" — 62/' + ^v' + 8z/" - 8?/ + 1 = 0.

And we can shew without much difficulty that the expression on the
left side is equal to the product of the two cubics or the three quad-
ratics indicated in the Question, barring certain niunerical common
factors. But the great difliculty is to obtain the factorization of the
sextic. In such cases I have employed a trigonometrical method : see
my paper in Proc. of Edin. Math. Soc, Vol. xxvi.

In the present instance,
{x" + x^ + l)Hx- + x 1- 1) = (.r" — 2,c''cos-3'W + l)/(x-— 2.rcos|ir-t-l)

= n{x--2xcos^^k7r+ 1), where k = 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50 ;

= i«n (y + 2 cos k'a). where 2 = Jj-t and k' = 1, 5. 11, 13, 17, 19.
It will be found that
(y + 2 cos a)(j/ + 2cos5a)(j/ + 2cos 11a)

= ?/^ + ir [v/(21)-l]-i?/[v/('-21) + l]-i [\/('-31l + 5]

= '/-i2/--2^-| + 2v/(2i)(?r-2/-i);

and that

()/ -h 2 cos llo)(7/ + 2 cos 13a)(.v + 2 cos 19a)

= v'-hy^-iy

'2 — 47/ — ^ —

iy(21){y^-y-l).

Thus the first result is at once obtained.

To obtain the resolution into quadratics, take the products
{y + 2cosa)[y + 2 cos 13a), {y + 2 cos 5a)(y + 2 cos 19a),
(y -I- 2 cos lla)(j/ -t- 2 cos 17a) ;
these will be respectively found to be

2/-— 22/ cos f5r + 4 cos" fir— 3, j/- — 2j/cos37r-(-4 cos- fir— 3,
y- — 2y cos ^"- -t- 4 cos- ^t — 3.
Thus each quadratic factor is of form y- + ay + u-—3, where u, is one
root of the. cyclotomic equiition ^ + 3^—22—1 = 0 corresponding to
x' — 1. It would therefore be simpler to say that the quadratic factors
involve w and u- respectively. Of course »» and ii.^', and u>;, and m,'
may be expressed in terms of w,, — 1/(1-Haii), — (w, -H l)'a!,, the three
roots expressed in terms of any one root.

[For the Proposer's very full Solution, see Bejtriiit.]

Jan. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

3<

About the Absolute Limits of Series of Positive Terms.
By P. Tavani.
If a„ < n„ + 1 . we have the relation

i/„., > (i/^M--) > i,„„^, : (1),

log(a„,,/o,„)
which is obtained by calculating the integral of the relation

l/a„ > p'c-"'S"„-(-^-")(loga„,,-a„)^;^^ -^y^_^^^_

which is obviously true.

Therefore, if P and M represent respectively the absolute minimum
and the absolute maximum of the set [log((i„,.i/a„)]Il ; f , when these
limits exist we have ^

p being the exponent of convergence of the series.

2 IK, < l/aJP, or I Ija',, < 1/a? (1 + 1/P,),

l/rt? (1 + 1/PJ > 2 IK > l/a;M,

C^)-

These relations are applicable to all series having either P or 51 or
both, and may be used for transforming the series into expressions of
finite form.

In fact, (2) may be written

(1 + 1/P,) > 1 + 2 a^K > 1/iI,-

Now (l + 2«i/a„) is either > or <1/M,+ 1.

In the latter case we have

2 IK = (l/M, + e).(0 < 9 < 1).
1

In the first case we have

2 IK = (i/-,+ i),

1
where i/ is a uniquely determined number between P and M, the exist-
ence of which is evident ; its calculability forms a different question.

It if easy to prove also that, if 2 1/6„ > 2 l/n„ and the low limit of
1 1

the set [log 6„ , i/6„] ; i > 0, then both series admit an absolute superior
limit and are both expressible under a finite form.

As obvious applications of the formulfe above we may add

ll/«! <■ (1 + 1/log 2) ; (2i;)i-*'' + 2l/jt''*'' + ...) < 2 l/[«log(u)' *'; ;

2 IK < IK. if P 5^ 1 ; I l/)i'^' < l/S

the last relation being immediately obtained if we put n„ = 7i* and
p = K + 1, and use

[_ <i»/[(7i»)-i] > 2l/[(n^)-'] = 1/[a(k + 1)-1],

and, putting a.(k + 1)-1 = 5, the said relation is established.

I should like to call the attention in particular to relation (1) : very
general because it supposes only a„ + i > a,,, and very simple and sus-
ceptible of important applications ; these mentioned here being all,
except the last, simple consequences of (1).

16393. (Saeadakanta G.akguli, M..\.) — Show that it is possible to
find any number of integers such that the square of the greatest is
equal to the sum of the squares of the rest. Hence, solve in integers

Additional solution by .^ktemas Martin, LL.D.
In the well known identical equation

{x-y)- + ixy = (x + y)- (1)

it is obvious that X may have any vaUie whatever ; hence we may
assume x = Si + z^ + z^^ 2^+ ... + ^„.\,

and then (1) becomes by substitution

(^l + ^2 + ^3 + ■'4+•.•+^..-l-^/)■ + 4^/(^l-^^o-^^3 + .'^+...-^^,..,)

= (z, -f ^2 + ^3-^^^+...+^„-l■^J/)-.
Now, if we assume ;/ = b- and Zi = a', z^ = a«-, z^ = Oj', ... s„.\
= o,,.]-, we wiU have
(ai' -I- o^" -h o/ -Kl4^ + . . ,

-l-n„-i"-62)"-f (2irt,)--H(26a-,)=-i-(26rt.j)= + (26(j4p+...+(26a,,-,)--!
= (a{--ya^\ a{--¥a^--k- ... -Ha„_i--h 6'-)-,
:Ot n integral square numbers whose sum is a square, where a,, Qj, (73,
a^ ft,,. I and 6 may have any integral values chosen at pleasure.

When n = 4, we have

{a{- + «;•- + a-j- - b-y- + (2ai6)"- 4 (2026)- + (2a^b)- = rti" + a.- + ci-/ + b-)-.
Take Oi = 1, dj = 2, a, = 3, 6 = 2; then, after dividing by 2-,

2= -t- 4- + 52 -t- 6= = 92.
Take rt, = 1, «» = 2, a, = 3, b = 3 ; then we have

52 -h 6-' + 12- -t- 18== 23-.
An innumerable number of sets of four squares may be found whose
sum is a square.

18410. (H. L. Trachtenbeeg, B.A.) — Prove that the centres of a
system of conicoids having a common curve of intersection lie on a
line, provided that part of the common curve is a conic at infinity.

Solution by Professor Nanson.

If S is any one of the conicoids, the system is given by

S + A (ax + by + cz + d) = 0.

Differentiating with respect to x, y, z, and eliminating A from the three

resulting equations, the locus of the centre is the straight line

iS/ix : dSliy : dS/Hz = a : b : c.

16516. (R. Chaetees.) — P is a random
point within the triangle ABC (a = 1).
Show that the mean value of the area

li- (n + 1)-
and the mean of

DEP = 2" -—^ ,

' jv'(n + lf'

without calculating their numerical
values.

Solution by the Proposer.
Let the triangle APG = x, APB = y, A = 1,

(1) M(AFE) = f f'' - , ■'-dxdyl f ['"' dxdy
Joji) 1—,'/ 1— X / Jojo

Jo I 2 3 )

= 2

*^^ f n^n + \f

1 \ ^^ n + 1
= M(EPD).
(3) 51 (APE") [see Question 15993]

3 \ 1- 2-

(n + l)={n + 2)

-1-32 ^ ^, = l-3M(ArE)

1 n- (71+ 1)-

-(2)1-1)

-Factorize completely

16461. (Lt.-Col. Allan Cunningham, R.E.
(into prime factors) N = (19'-'' + 1).

Solution by the Proposer.
N = (19-^ + 1) = (19S + 1)(19'«-19« + 1) = N1N3 (suppose).
Here N, = (19* + 1) = 2.15073.563377 ;

N3 = 288, 441, 413, 550, 637, 604, 641,
= 241 . 577 . 1009 . 4657 . 14929 . 29569.
These divisors are found from two Tables of Solutions (!/s> Vi-i) °^ 'l'^ '"'"
congruences i/g^ + l^O, (j/i:'" + l)/(yi2^ + 1) = 0, (modj)),
compiled by the author ; these are now complete up to jj J" 32000, and
therefore suffice for the above work.

aUE8TION8 rOB BOIiUTION.

16566. (T. K. Venk.ataeaman, M. A.)— Integrate
r z^/\5al^■i^^y^(a--^]d^
J ,/(«=- ^=)

18567. (T. K. Venkataeaman, M.A.)— Solve the differential equation
dx/(5x + IQy + 5^ + 4) = di//(4x + \5y + lOz + 7) = dzi(-Zx-by + 5s + 1)

and interpret the result geometrically.

18568. (Lt.-Col. Allan Cunningham, R.E.) — Let

Nv = {x^^if)l{x^y), n; = (x'-'^y'')l(x'^y') ;
Nvi = (£« + 7,«)/U' + V), N;,i = (£'« + 7)")/(l'- + V=).
Find a solution of some generality (in integers) of N, + N^ = N,, + NJ.j,
and find the lowest solution thereof.

88

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 19(19.

18589. (Professor Sanjana, M.A.)— For given values of e, show how
to determine a, b, c, a,, 6i, c, so that the following relation may hold
good :— (a + a, ^/fl)' + (6 + b, .^fl)* = {c + c, s^e)*-

[All symbols denote rational quantities and some of the square roots
may have cither sign. Examples :

^'(22 + 2^/13)+ V(10 + '2%/13) = ^/(48 + 12^'13),
v/(22-2yi3)-^/(10-2A/13) = V(48-12s/13) ;
y(24 + 8v/7)+ ^^(5+ VI) = ^/(45 + 17^/7),
^/(24-8^''7)- v'(5-^/7) = ^/(45-17^/7).]
16570. {R. F. Davis, M.A.) — Paetorize algebraically
(xy + N)' + N (x — y-)'^.

the volumes of all such parallelepipeds are equal, and that the sum
of the squares of the three diagonals of any one of them whose ends
lie on the given hyperboloid exceeds the square of the remaining
diagonal by a constant quantity.

11462. (H. W. Segau.)— Show that («- + « + 1) multiplied by

= the same determinant with
the constituents of the last
row multiplied by
», (n+1), (•» + 2), ..., (2«-l|
respectively.

3!

2!

3!

" !

3!

4!

... (n+1)!

4!

5!

... (« + 2)!

(h + 1)I (»*2)!

-If

2 X = 2 ax :

then

16571. (W. J. Geeenstreet, M.A.)

2a.r' = xy^'Zx-2,ax-.

16572. (Professor Steggall.) — If
xy + ax + by + c = 0, yz + ay+bz + c = 0, zx + az + bx + c = 0.

then x = y = z or a- — ab + 6- = c. If, in the latter case, x-¥y-\-z = Q,
find the equation giving the values of x, y, z.

18573. (G. N. Watson, B.A.)— The conic of closest contact, C, is
drawn to a cubic curve with a double point, at the double point. The
tangents to the cubic at the double point are T,, To, the tangent which
is touched by the conic being Ti ; I is the straight line on which the
inflexions of the cubic lie. Prove that I touches C at the point where
To meets I.

16574. (K. S. P,ATR.4CHAUi.) — Find the polar equation of the
curve in which the distance along the tangent from the point of con-
tact to the foot of the perpendicular upon it from the pole is constant.

18575. (W. F. Beard, M.A. Suggested by Question 16486.)— .\BC
is a triangle ; a conic is described to touch AB, AC at B, C and to
touch the circum-circle ; if P is the point of contact and PQR is drawn
parallel to BG to meet the circle at Q and the conic at R, prove
PQ = QR.

16576. (Professor Neuberg.) — Une parabole P touche les cotes de
Tangle xOy aux points donnas A et B ; une seconde parabole P' touche
ces cotes en C et D. Construire le troisieme tangente commuAe aux
deux parabolas.

16577. (Hon. G. R. Dick, M.A.)— P is any point in the plane of a
triangle ABC whose circum-centre is O ; a, b, c are the sides, R the
circura-radius, A the area and AP = x, BP =y, CP = z. Show that
A. OP- = R- (A± a'), where A' is the area of a triangle whose sides are
ax/R, fcy/R, C2/R respectively. Deduce Ptolemy's theorem.

16578. (S.NarayanaAiyar.)— If 0 (AA', BB'.CC, ..) be any pencil
in involution, and if a circle be drawn through the point O cutting the
rays of the pencil in the points A, A' ; B, B' ; C, C ; ... ; then the locus
of the orthocentre of the triangles OA.V, OBB', OCC, ... is a circle.

16579. (V. R.iMAS\vAMi AiYAR, M.A.)— If the line joining the vertex
X to the circum-centre O of a triangle ABC cuts the sides FD, DE of
the medial triangle DEF in the points B', C ; and O' be the harmonic
conjugate of O with respect to B'C. Prove that the circle described on
00' as diameter touches the nine-poiut circle of ABC.

16580. (R. Gardner.) — Given the length of each side of a quadri-
lateral, and that the diagonals are perpendicular, find the lengths of the
diagonals.

16581. (James Blaikie, M.A.)— AKL, BKL are two triangles such
that AB is parallel to KL, also AB > (n-1) KL, and < nKL. Prove
that the two triangles can be shown to be equal by the superposition of
2)1 -I- 1 rectilineal portions (or, if possible, by a smaller number).

16582. (Professor Sanjana, M.A.)— If C.., 03,64, ... denote the sums
of the products taken 2, 3, 4, ... at a time of the quantities

cos(e + 27r/)i), cos (9 -I- 47r/jt) cos[9+(2«-2)ir/«],

prove that

(-2)-CjSine = sin 39-(«-l) sine, (-2)3C3sina = sin4e- ()s-2)sin2e,
(-2)^C4siufl = sin59-(n-3)sin39 + i(«-l)(»-4) sine,
(-2)^05 sine = sin 69-(»-4) sin 49 + Kii-2)(«-5)sin 28, ... .

16583. (Professor Nanson.) — Show, geometrically, that in a
spherical triangle B + C > = < ir according as 6 + c > = < ir, and deduce
(1) that the greater side is opposite the greater angle, (2) that any two
sides are greater than the third, (3i the three sides are less than the
perimeter of a great circle.

OLD QUESTIONS AS YET UNSOLVED (IN OUR COLUMNS).

11224. (Profos.^or WoLSTENHOLME, Sc.D.)— If three pairs of parallel
generators of the hyperboloid ax- + by- + cz* = 1 be drawn, they will
form a gauche hexagon, whose sides are edges of a parallelepiped ;
prove that the two corners of this parallelopiped which do not lie on
the given hyperboloid lie on the hyperboloid or- -h by- + cz^ + 3 = 0, that

(2»-l)!

11581. (The Late Professor Clifford, F.R.S.)— Prove that (1) the
co-ordinates of a point on a curve of the third order or class may be
expressed in terms of elliptic functions of a parameter u ; and hence
(2) when u + v + w = iK', ll sn=» snu cnu dn it I = 0.
I 1 sn- 1- sn I! en r dn v
dnw

1 1 sn- w sn w en le

11584. (Professor Hudson, M.A.)— Assuming that a mass of liquid
contained in a vertical cylinder can rotate about the axis of the cylinder,
under the action of gravity only, in such a manner that the velocity at
any point of the liquid varies inversely as the angular velocity of its
distance from the axis of the cylinder, find the form and position of
the free surface.

11602. (J. J.Walker, M.A., F.R.S.)— Show how to form, say in
the case of three or four linear equations, the cubic or biquadratic
whose roots shall be the v<alues of the three or four unknown quantities
— of course, without assuming the usual solutions of those linear
equations.

11663. (Professor Littlehales.)— A. discovers a circular shoal spot,
100 yards in diameter, in mid-ocean, and determines the geographical
latitude of its centre within 2', and its longitude within 3'. B. attempts
to find the shoal again by proceeding to the geographical position
assigned to it by A., and making a cast of the lead ; but he can only
determine within 2' of latitude and 3' of longitude when he has arrived
at the assigned position. What is the probabiHty that B. will find the
shoal ?

NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS.
It is requested that all Mathematical communications should be sent
to the Mathematical Editor,

Miss Constance I. Marks, B.A., 10 Matheson Road, West
Kensington, W.

Vol. XIV. {New Series) of the "Mathematical Tteprint "
is now ready, and may be had of the Publisher,
Francis Hodgson, 89 Farrhigdon Street, E.G. Price
to Subscribers, 5s. ; to Non- Subscribers, 6s. 6d.

THE LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY.

Thursday, December 10th, 1908.— Sir W. D. Niven, President, in the
Chair. , ,

Messrs. G. P. S. Hills, H. B. Heywood, W. H. Salmon were elected
members.

Mr. F. M. Saxelby was admitted into the Society.

The following papers were communicated : —

"On the Theory of Waves propagated vertically in the .\tmosphere,"
Prof. H. Lamb.

(i.) "On Sir WiUiam Rowan Hamilton's Fluctuating Functions,
(ii.) "On the Representation of a Function by a Series of Bessel's
Functions," Dr. E. W. Hobson.

"Theory of Cauchy's principal Values (Fourth Paper)," Mr. G. H.
Hardy.

"Note on a Continued Fraction equivalent to the remainder after
n terms of Taylor's Series," Prof. L. J. Rogers.

" Solid .\ngles and Potentials of Plane Discs," Mr. Balak Ram.

"The Solution of the Homogeneous Linear Difference Equation of
the Second Order," Mr. G. N. Watson.

"On Four Systems of Three Quaternary Quadrics that can be ex-
pressed by means of Five Squares," Prof. -A. C. Dixon.

" On Differentials," Dr. W. H. Young.

(i.) "On Cubic Surfaces. — The Reduction of a Quaternary Cubic
from the Simi of Six Cubes to the Sum of Five," (ii.) " Addition to a
former Paper on the Eliminant of Three Quantics m two Independ-
ent Variables," Mr. A. L. Dixon. _

Dr. T. Stuart gave an account of a method of solution of Merscnne s
problem .

Jan. ] , 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

39

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40

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Jan. 1, 1909.

HYGIENIC SCHOOL FURNITURE ON SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES.

THE STANTON DESK.

Many thousands of these desks have been sold.

The proportions of the different parts of the
STANTON DESKS are carefully arranged in
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The FARRINGDON ADJUSTABLE DESK
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All the movements are automatic.

All the adjustable parts are Iron.

There are no springs to get out of order.

The Desks are adjustable by inches.

The Seats are adjustable by ,■ inches.

The Desks and Seats are adjustable inde-
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The Foot Rail is adjustable to 3 positions.

Shallow Lockers are provided so that the
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THE FARRINGDON ADJUSTABLE DESK.

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Having a vast experience in this class of work, the Association can guarantee that all work entrusted to them will be
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In many instances the Association have permission to refer intending Customers to work done by them, and would
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The Merchant Venturers' College at Bristol and The New Science Kooms at Epsom College.
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HIGH -CLASS SCHOOL STATIONERY.

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EDUC

^ A*- -'-/>- X

TIMES.

3ioiirnal of tijf €oUtst of ^rfcfptor^.

Yol. LXII.] New Series, No. 574. FEBRUARY 1, 1909.

(Published Monthly, price, to^t-'f
■; Members, 6rf. ; 61/ Pus^. 7d.
iAnmial Snhscriptiim, Is.

c

OLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.

(INCORPORATED ET ROYAL CHARTER.)

MEMBERS' MEETING.

The next Monthly Jleeting of the Members will take
plHCe on Wednesday, the 17th ot February, at 7.30 p.m.,
when Professor J. J. TixcLAY will read a Paper on
" Reward and Punishment in School."

A discussion will follow the reading of the Paper.

Members have the privilege of introducing their
friends.

LECTURES FOR TEACHERS.

The First Course of Lectures (Thirty-seveuth Annual
Series), by Prof. .1. Adams, M.A., B.Sc.. F.C.P., on
" The Psychological Bases of Teaching and Educa-
tion," will commence on Thursdav, February 4th. at
7 p.m.

The purpose of the Course is to give teachers an
opportunit.v to study at first hand the principles that
underlie the practice of their profession. The lecturer
will treat his subject in such a way as to fit in with the
requirements of the College in connexion with the ex-
aminations for the Associateship, the Licentiateship,
I and the Fellowship ; but his main purpose will be to
present the matter in such a way as to make it of practi-
cal service to the teacher. The reading of the students
will be guided, and problems set for their exercise. All
the illustrations in the lectures will be dmwn from
actual experience in the schoolroom, and will include
the results of current experimental methods. The Fee
for the Course is Half-a-Guinea. The Lectures will be
delivered on Thursday Evenings at 7 o'clock, at the
College, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. For Siillabns, see
page 47.

EXAMINATIONS.

Diplonia.8 — The next Examination of Teachers for
the Dii)lomas of the College will commence on the
30th of August, 1909.

Practical Examination for Certificates of
Ability to Teach.— The next Practical Examina-
tion will be held in February, 1909.

Certificate Examinations.— The Midsummer
Examination for Certilicates will commence on the
29th of June, 1909.

Lower Forms Examinations.— The Midsum-
mer Examination will commence on the 29th of June
1909.

Professional PreliminaryExaminations.-

These Examinations are held in March and September.
The Spring Examination in 1909 will commence on tlie
2nd of March.

Inspection and Examination of Schools.

—Inspectors and Examiners are appointed b.v the
College for the Inspection and Examination of Public
and Private Schools.

The Regulations for the above Examinations can be
obtained on application to the Secretary.

C. R. HODGSON, B.A., Secretary.
Bloomsbury Square, W.C.

TTNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS.

L.L.A. DIPLOMA FOB WOMEJf.

The attention of Candidates is drawn to the Ordinary
and Honours Diplomas for Teachers, which are strongly
recommended as suitable for those who are or intend to
be teachers.

Examinations are held at Aberdeen, Birminghai
Blackburn, Brighton. Bristol, Cardiff, Croydon, Devon-
port, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull, Inverness, Leeds,
Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Norwich, Nottingham, Oxford, St. Andrews. Sheffield
Swansea, and several othei towns.

information regarding the Examinations may be ob
tained from the Sbcretart, L.L.A. Scheme, The
University. St. Andrews.

UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS.

UNIVERSITY HALL.

Warde)i :
Miss FRANCES H. MELVILLE, M.A.

UNIVKRSITT HALL, for Women
students, was opened in 1896. under the govei
ment of the University of St. Andrews.

The usual Corpse of Study at University Hall is
preparation for the Degree Examinations of the U
versity of St. Andrews, of which all the Classes and
Degrees in Arts, Divinity, Science, and Medicine
open to women on the same terms as to men.

The Sessions of Residence are the two University
Sessions, viz. the Winter Session. October to March
the Summer Session (Optional), April to June.

University Hall fees for residence — Winter Session,
£30-£50; Summer Session, £15-£25.

Matriculation and Class Fees avei-age £10 for the
Winter Session.

For further information, apply to the Warden,
University Hall, St. Andrews, Fife.

Biploma CoiTCspon^ence
Colleae, Xt&.

Principalr-3 . W. Knipe, L.C.P., F.RS.L.
Vice-Principal— a. U. Hooke, B.A., Hons. Lond.

Specially arranged Course.i for

LONDON MATRICULATION,

B.A., B.D., B.Sc,

A.C.P., L.C.P., &c.
FREE GUIDES

on application to the Secretary.

WOLSEY HALL, OXFORD.

CHURCH EDUCATION COR-
PORATION.

GHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.

Training College for Women Secondary Teachers.
Principal — flhs Catherine I. Dodd, M.A. (late
Lecturer in Education in the Manchester University).

Students are prepared for the Oxford, the Cambridge,
and the London Teacher's Diploma. Special arrange-
ments made for Students to attend the School of Geo-
g aphy.

Two Scholarships of £40 each are offered students

ith a degree entering Cherwell Hall in January 1909.

Exhibitions and Scholarships awarded in December
and July.— Apply to the Principal.

MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
GUT'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.
CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL MEDICAL COl.

LEGE.
ROYAL DENTAL HOSPITAL.
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.
MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.
{For particidars of the above, .lee following pages.)

TRAINING AND OTHER COLLEGES, &o.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

WANTAGE TRAINING COLLEGE.

CAMBRIDGE TRAINING COLLEGE.

FROEBEL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE.

ST. GEORGE'S TRAINING COLLEGE.

TRMNING COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS OP THE
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UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BRISTOL.

UNIVERSITY TUTORIAL COLLEGE.

CARLYON COLLEGE.

NORMAL CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE.

BIRKBECK COLLEGE.

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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION POSTAL INSTI-
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TUTORIAL INSTITUTE.

DENMARK HILL GYMNASIUM.

BURLINGTON CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE.

LONDON COLLEGE OF MUSIC.

THE ASSOCIATED BOARD OF THE ROYAL
ACADEMY OP MUSIC AND THE ROYAL
COLLEGE OF MUSIC.
{For particulars of the above, seefollowing pagtt.)

LONDON UNIVERSITY

MATRICULATION.

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MORE THAN

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42

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

LONDON COLLEGE OP MUSIC.
(Incorporated.)
Great Marlborough Street, London, W.

Patron: His Grace the Duke of Leeds.

Dr. F. J. Karn, Mus.Bae. Cantab., Principal.

G. Augustus Holmes, Esq., Directorof Examinations.

EXAMINATIONS, 1909.

The NEXT EXAMINATION in PIANOFORTE
PLATING, SINGING, THEORY, and all brunches
of Music will be held in London and 400 Provincial
Centres in April, when Certificates will be granted to
all successful candidates.

The Higher Examinations for the Diplomas of Asso-
ciate (A.L.C.M.), Licentiate (L.L.C.M.), the Teachers'
Diploma, L.C.M., and Fellowship (F.L.C.M.) take
place in July (June for Scotland and Ireland) and
December.

Gold and Silver Medals and Book Prizes are offered
for competition according to the Regulations.

Local School Centres. — Full particulars with refer-
ence to the formation ot these Centres will be forwarded
to Princip Is of Schools upon application.

SILLABUS for 1909, together with Annual Report,
is now ready^ and may be had of the Secretary.

In the Educational Department students are received
and thoroughly tnlined under the liest Professors at
moderate fees. ' The College is open 10 a.m. to 9.30 p.m.

A COURSE ot TRAINING in Pianoforte and Singing
for Teachers is held at the College.

VACATION LESSONS for Teachers and others are
given at Easter, August, and Christmas.

T. WEEKES HOLMES, Secretary.

w

EDFORD COLLEGE FOR

WOMEN

(TNIVERSITY OF LONDON),

York Place. Baker Street, London, \V.

The HALF-TERM begins on THURSDAY', Febru-
ary IStli. 1909. Lectures are given in preparation for
all examinations of the University of London in Arts,
Science and Preliminary Medicine, for the Teacher's
Diploma, London, for the Teacher's Certificate, Cam-
bridge, and for the Cambridge Higher Local Examina-
tion.

Special Course ot Scientific Instruction in H.vgiene,
recognised by the Sanitary Inspectors' Examination
Board.

Six Laboratories are open to students for Practical
Work.

Students may attend the Art .School who are not
taking other subjects at the Colleze.

A Single Course in any subject may be attended.

Regular Physical Instruction is given free of cost to
students who desire it by a fully qualified Woman

Students can reside in the College.

Full particulars on application to the Principal.
DEPARTMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

IN TEACHING.
Head of the Department .—Miss Mary Morton, M.A.

Students are admitted to the Training Course in
October and Januarv. Entrance Scholarships.

Applications should be sent to the Head of the
Department.

nPHE

THE ASSOCIATED BOARD
OF THE R.A.M. and R.C.M.

FOR LOCAL EXAMINATIONS IN MUSIC.

Patron : His Majesty the King.
President: H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, K.G.

LOCAL CENTRE EXAMINATIONS (Syllabus A).
Examinations in Theory at all Centres in March and
November; in Practical Subjects at all Centres in
March-April, and in the London District and certain
Provincial Centres in November-December also. En-
tries forthe March-April Examinations close Wednesday,
February 10th, 1909 tor, with exti-a fee, February 18th).

SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS (Syllabus B).
Held three times a year, viz., March-April, June-
July, and October-November. Entries for the March-
-ipril Examinations close Wednesday, February 3rd,
1909 (or, with extra fee, February lltli).

Specimen Theory Papers set in past years ( Local Centre
or School) can be obtained on application. Price 3d.
per set, per year, post free.

S.vUabuses A and B, entry forms, and any further
information will be sent post free on application to—
JAMES MUIR. Secretary.

15 Bedford Square. London, W.C.
Telegi"ams: " Associa, London."

BIRKBECK COLLEGE.

Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
DAY AND EVENING CLASSES.

Principal— G. Armit age-Smith, D.Lit., M.A.

The College provides approved courses of Instruction
for the DEGREES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
LONDON in the FACULTIES OF ARTS, SCIENCE,
ECONOMICS, LAWS, under Recognized Teachers of
the University.

Well appointed Laboratories. Facilities for research.

Full particulars on application to

H. Wells Fames. Secretary.

CAMBRIDGE TRAINING

COLLEGE FOR WOMEN.

Prineipnl— Miss M. H. Wood. M.A., Lit.D.,

Girton College, Cambridge Classical Tripos.

A residential College providing a year's professional

training for Secondary Teachers.

Preparation for the London and the Cambridge
Teachers' Diploma. Ample opportunity for practice
in teaching science, languages, mathematics, and other
subjects. Fees £65 to £75. Admissions in January and
September.

For particulars apply — The Principal, Training
College, Cambridge.

THE INCORPORATED

FROEBEL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE,

TALGARTH ROAD, WEST KENSINGTON, LONDON, W.

The

Tutorial Institute,

39 BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON.

Principal— J. F. EWEN, M.A., Honours.

Vice-Principal— B. J. DALLAS, M.A., Wrangler,
Scholar of King's College, Cambridge.
Lectnrers and Tutors —
J. W. HORROCKS, D.Lit., I W. Clarke, A.R.C.S.,

M.A., Fellmo Royal\ National Scholar in

Historical Society. \ Biology.

P. Duffy, B.A., Hons. j J. Rollings, B.Sc. Hons.
V. Stranders, M.A. Lond. I R. B. Leb, B.A.. B.Sc.
H. W. Mayo, B.A., B.Sc, S. Kahlenbbeg. Ph.D.

L.C.P. I H. M. Bradley. B.A..

A. FiTZPAYNE, Higher i A.C.P.

N.F.U. I

Special Preparation, Orally and by Correspondence loi
all Higher Qualifications for Teachers.

Full Instruction, Typical Questions, Model Answers,
Solutions, Careful Correction, Expert Hints, Prompt
Individual Attention, Moderate Fees.

During the last twelve yeiirs the Principal s Students
have been credited with over 2500 Successes at
the following Examinations.

ninlnmac in Education, Cambridge and London
UipiUIllas Specialattenlion to Theoretical Subjects
by Correspondence.

Lr P ^"" ''""I'se £2- 12s. 6d. Exceptional
• \itlt SiKipss. iJiploma Guide Free.
In^AKmaHiai-a Inter. Science or Inter. Arts.
llllcnilCUIalCi 'I'lie best Tuition, CorreJipondence
orOr:il. £1. lis. 6d. <:ich Subject.

Bi p Cf» SuLctss at recent Exams. Full
,A., D.oL. Course, any single Subject, £a. 28.
Degree G-uide Free.

LI * During the last ten years many times the
• Lfi\t number of successes of any other Tutor.
Oral Classes. Evenings and Saturdays. Single Subjects,
£1. lis. 6d. Xew Practical Guide to L.L.A. Free.

HlitUiyr: \ i\na\c! Numerous Successes, many in
Igner LOCaiS. Honours. Also Oral Tuition.
Complete Course, £1. lis. 6d. New Practical Guide
to Higher aiid Senior Locals.

Cf /tohal Certiticates are the most valuable of the
rrUCUCI Higher Exams, for Mistresses in Kinder-
garten and Preparatory Schools. Thorough preparation.
Orallv and by Correspondence. Ten Tutors. Excellent
results. New Froebel Guide Free.

Cha:

rman of the Committee— Hh- W. JIather, LL.D.

Treasurer— 1At. C. G. Montefiore, M.A.
Secretary— IHv. Arthur G. Symonds, M.A.

TRAINING COLLBGB FOR TEACHERS.

Principal— TA'iss E. Lawrence.
KINDERGARTEN AND SCHOOL.

Head Mistress— tiiss A. Yklland.

Students are trained for the Examinations of the
National Froebel Union and other Examinations.

TWO SCHOLARSHIPS of £20 each, and two of £15
each, tenable for two years at the Institute, are offered
annually to Women Students who have passed certain
recognized Examinations.

Prospectuses can be obtained from the Frincipax.

s^-

DENMARK HILL PHYSICAL
TRAINING COLLEGE FOR LADY TEACH-
ERS, LONDON, S.E.
Full preparation for Public Examinations.
British College of Physical Education : English and
Swedish systems. Massage and Remedial Work.
Board of Education : Science.
Swimming and Sports.

Schools supplied with fully qualified Sports Mistresses.

For particulars apply— Miss E. Spelman Stanger,

Trevena. Sunray Avenue, Denmark Hill, London. S.E.

TRAINING COLLEGE FOR
TEACHERS OF THE DEAF AND
SCHOOL FOR DEAF AND DUMB CHILDREN.
On the Pure Oral System.
11 FiTZROY Square, London, W.
There are several Vacancies for Students and Pupils
at this Training College and School. Good Apiioint-
ments are easily obtainable by Students on the comple-
tion of their training. For nil particulars apply to the
Director.

GEORGE'S TRAINING

COLLEGE FOR WOMEN TEACHERS IN
INTERMEDIATE AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS,
EDINBURGH.

This College provides a year's Professional Training
for educated women who intend to Teach.

The I ourse is supervised by the Edinburgh Provincial
Committee for the Training of Teachers and is recog-
nized by the Scotch Education Department and by the
Cambridge Teachers' Training Syndicate.

Prospectus and further particulars from the Principal,
Miss 51. R. Walker, 5 Melville Street, Edinburgh.

ST. MART'S COLLEGE,
Paddinston, W.
TRAINING COLLEGE
(attached to Secondary School and Kindergarten).
Recognized by the Board of Education as a Training
College for Secondary Teachers.
In connexion with London University.
Principal— Wiss H. L. Powell,
Associate of Newnham College, Cambridge (late Princi-
pal of the Cambridge Training College) ;

Miss N. G. R. Taylor, M.A. (Trin. Coll., Dublin),
Camb. Mental and Moral Tripos, Oxford University

Teacher's Diploma.
Students prepared for the Cambridge or London
Teacher's Diploma, and the Certificates of the National
Froebel Union. Practice in Secondary and Primary
Schools. University Lectures. Fees, without residence,
18 to 24 guineas per annum : with residence, 60 to 75
guineas per annum. Four Bursaries of £20 a year each.

The Principals of the Normal Correspondence

College have, through the courtesy of the College

of Preceptors, issued the following

Free Guides.

100 pages.

75 „
published the following Guides.

120 pages.

1. A.C.P.

2. L.C.P.
.S. F.C.P.

And have al
4. PREL. CERT.
.5. CERTIFICATE. 92 „

6. MATRICULATION. 84 ,,

7. IRISH UNIVERSITY. i>« ,,

8. OXFORD & CAMBRIDCE LOCALS lUM „

These Guides are supplied gratis to all who men-
tion this paper and state they intend sitting for
examination. , , - - ii.

" They are written by experts whose advice is the
best procurable."— -BdMOTrt"""' News.

"Will undoubtedly help greatly towards m.c-
aeas."— Schoolmistress.

NORMAL CORR. COLLEGE,

47 Melford Road. East Dulwich, S.E., and
110 AvoNDALK Square, London, S.E.

Sostel for Students, 30, 32, 34 Warrington Crescent, W. -LT-L a, Paris, » ^l"';f°^^^^!l:Z?"''
Apply— Principal. ' avec Anglais pour corrections mutueues.

WANTAGE TRAINING COLLE&E
FOR SECONDARY TEACHERS. . .
Conducted by the Community of St, M:iry the Virgin.
(Atflliated to the Oxford Training Delegacy and Re-
cognized by the Cambridge Syndicate and the Board of

'^StSdent's prepared for Oxford or Cambridge Teaching
Diplomas. Fees, £60 to £65.
Appl.v— Sister Superior.

ONSIEUR DEPUISET, Instituteur

■X Paris, 36 rue Daubenton, desire correspondre

I

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

4.^

OARLYON COLLEGE.

55 AND 56 Chancery Lane.

IiOITDOIT UNIVERSITY EZAMINATIOB'B.

LONDON MATRICULATION, INTER. ARTS and
SCIENCE, B.A., and B.Sc. Classes (small) Day and
Evening. M.A. Classes. B.A. Honoui-s Classes. Ele-
mentary Greek Class.

Classes and Tuition tor I.egal and Medical
Preliminaries, Acoonntants', Scliolarship
Examinations, Previous, Sesponslons. and
General

Papers Corrected for Schools. Vacation Tuition.

Private tuition lor all Examinations.

Prospectus and full details on application to R. C. B.
Kerin, B.A. Lond., First of First Class Classical
Honours, Editor of " Phaedo." " Pro Planeio," 4c.

SUCCESSES.

1892-1908.— London Matric, 155; Inter. Arts, So., and
Prel. Sci.. 155. 6 m Hons. ; B.Sc, 1896-1908, 25 ; B.A.,
1891-1908, 111, 18 in Hons. ; Medical Prelim., 274; Rcs-
ponsions and Previous, 78; Law Prelim., 75; other
buceesses, 430.

U.A. CIiASSICS, 10.

nORRESPONDENCE TUITION,

V-^ Classes or Private Lessons in all Subjects for all
Examinations, &e., at moderate fees. Special tuition
for Medical Prelims, and DiPLOMi Exams. Manv
recentsiiecesses.— F. J. Borland, B.A., L.C.P. (Science
and Math. Prizeman), Victoria Tutorial Colleee,
28 Buckingham Palace Road, S.W.; and Stalheim
Brunswick Road, Sutton, Surre.v.
Schools visited and Examinations conducted

IDlniversit^ ITutonal
Colleoe,

{Affiliated to University Correspondence College.)

WALTER J. DICKES, B.A.(Lond.

PRIVATE TUITION
FOR EXAMINATIONS, &c.

BEECHEX CLIFF, THE GARDENS,
E. DULWICH, LONDON, S.E.

BOOKKEEPING AND SLOAN-
DUPLOY.VN SHORTHAND.-Pupils received
by Certihcated Teacher. Thorough Tuition and mo-
derate terms. Schools visited. Book-keeping under-
taken for businesses.— Miss Bush, 2J5 High Holborn
London, W.O.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION
POSTAL INSTITUTION.

3Iann(i,r: Mr. E. S. WEYMOUTH, M.A.
Assistanf Mill,,,, It,- : Miss J. WATSON, M.A.

17 RED LION SQUARE, HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.

(formerhi 27 Southampton Street, Straii,!.)

LONDON MATRICULATION.

Anntuilly.for the Inst nine years, abmit lOO students
of University Tutoriai College have passed London
Matriculation.

Morning, Afternoon, and Evening Classes in prepara-
tion for the Matriculation Examination of the University
of London commenced Monday, January 2Sth, and may
be taken up at any time at proportionate fees.

In the Compulsory Subjects and the more important
Optional Subjects the Morning Class is divided into
Senior and Junior Sections. These Sections work simul-
taneously, so that a student who attends the Senior
Section in his stronger subjects may at another time
pay special attention to a weak subject in the Jimior
Section. The Lectures are supplemented by Exercise
Classes and frequent Test Examinations, and a strict
record is kept of each student's progress.

Classes are also held tor the

College of preceptors'

and the

Cltg anCi (5U1I66 Entrance Ejamination.

XyisssiTS

TRUMAN & KNIGHTLEY,

I^TD.,

gbucafionaC JVgenfs,

158 to 162 OXFORD STREET.
LONDON, W.

Telegrams- "TUTORESS, LONDON."
TelephoDe-No. 1136 City,

-Vll communications should be addressed to
THE PRINCIPAL,

University Tutoriai College,

32 Red Lion Square, Holborn, W.C.

POSTAL PREPARATION FOR UNIVERSITY
EXAMINATIONS :

Oxford and Cambridge Hig-her locals.
Teachers' Diplomas, Oxford and Cam-
bridge Locals, Previous, Besponsions,
Preceptors, and Msdical Preliminary,
&c. ; also Medical Examinations.

1314

XJ.B.P.I. Candidates have, during the last thirteen

years, passed various groups in the Cambridge Higher

Local (137 in the Fi.st Class), including 23 (3 in the

First Class), December, 1908.

124

LT.E.P.I. Candidates have passed the Oxford Higher
Local during 1903-8.

Moderate Fees.
. Hundreds of Candidates successful in Medical Exam-
inations.

GUIDE TO THE CAMBRIDGE HIGHER
LOCAL EXAMINATION (42 paces) sent
I ■nitis to Candidates: Is. to Nuu-candidates.

^^^n^rTJP^^ SUGGESTIONS FOR WOMEN
STUDENTS, especially intenilinc Teachci-s
(2b pages), gratis.

'^■^'^fl^?r°,^?, O^ PUBLICATIONS (chie v
01(1 C.H.L. Examination Papers, with or without
.\nswers) , sent on application to the :M.vx ager.

CORRESPONDENCE
COLLEGE.

Principal — Mr. J. CHAELESTON, B.A.

(Honours Oxon. and Lond.)

TUTORS.-The Staff includes Graduates of London,
Oxford, Cambridge, and Royal Universities.

METHOD.— Thoroughly individual system, which
ensures the closest attention to the needs of each
student.

Rapid Preparation for :—
MATRICULATION,
B.A. AND B.SC,
L.L.A.,
COLLEGE OF

PRECEPTORS'
DIPLOMAS.

Address— THE PRINCIPAL,

Burlington Correspondence College.
BIRKBECK BANK CHAMBERS. LONDON, W.C.

This Agency is under distiuffuisht^d patrona
including that of thf Principals of
many of our leadimj Schools.

A.— EMPLOYMENT DEPARTMENT.

(i.) ASSISTANT MASTERS & TUTORS.

MESSES. TRUM.\N & KXIGHTLEY intro-
duce TJniversitv and other qualified ENGLISH
and FOREIGN MASTERS and TUTORS to
Schools and Private Families.

(ii.) ASSISTANT MISTRESSES.

MESSRS. TRUMAN & KNIGHTLEY intro-
duce University, Trained, and other qualifi.'d
ENGLISH and FOREIGN LADY TEACHERS

to Girls' and Boys' Schools.

(ili.) LADY MATRONS AND HOUSE-
KEEPERS.

MESSRS. TRUMAN & KNIGHTLEY inlio-
duce well qualified and experienced LADY
MATRONS, HOUSEKEEPERS, and HOUSE
MISTRESSES to Boys' and Girls' Schools.

No charge is made to Principals, and no charge
of any kind is made to candidates unless an en-
gagement he secured through this Agency, when
the terms are most reasonable.

B.— SCHOOL TRANSFER DEPARTMENT.

A separate Department, under the dirert
management of one of the Principals, is devoted
entirely to the negotiations connected with
the Transfer of Schools and Introduction of
Partners.

MESSRS. TRUMAN & KNIGHTLEY, being
in close and constant communication with the
Principals of nearly all the chief Girls' and
Boys' Schools in the United Kingdom, to many
of whom they have had the privilege of acting
as Agents, and having on their books always a
large number of thoroughly genuine ScIiooIh
for Sale and Partnerships to negotiate, as well
as the names and requirements of numerous
would-be purchasers, can offer unusual facilities
for satisfactorily negotiating the TRANSFER of
SCHOOLS, and arranging PARTNERSHIPS.

No charye is made to Purchasers^ and there is
no charge to Vendors unless a Sale or Partner-
ship be effected through this Agency.

All communications and enquiries are treated
in the strictest confidence,

C— PUPILS' DEPARTMENT.

MESSRS. TRUMAN & KNIGHTLEY have
a carefully organized Department for the
introduction of Pupils to Schools and other
Educational Establishments. No charge is
made for registration.

Any negotiations entrusted to MESSRS. TRUMAN &
KNIGHTLEY receive prompt and careful attention,
every effort being made to save clients as much
time and trouble as possible.

Full particulars will be forwarded on applicatiu

44

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

THE

MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL

MEDICAL SCHOOL.

A SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
LONDON.

The Medical School of the Middlesex
Hospital has been largely rebuilt and equipped
to meet the most recent educational require-
ments.

HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS.
In addition to Clerksliips and Dresserships,
Sixteen Resident Appointments are annually
open to all General Students. Also Medical,
Surgical, and Obstetric Registrars are appointed
annually,

SCHOLARSHIPS AND PRIZES.
Scholarships and Prizes to the value of £860
are awarded annually.

Full particulars may be obtained on appli-
cation to

Mr. J. MURRAY, M.B., F.R.C.S.,
Dean of the Medical School,

Middlesex Hospital, London, W.

pHARING CROSS HOSPITAL

\J MEDICAL COLLEGE.

(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.)

The SUMMER SESSION, 1909, will be opened on
Monday, April 26th.

The College is complete in all Departments,

SPECIAL TEACHERS

for all Preliminary and Intermediate Subjects.

EIGHT ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS

are awarded annually of the aggregate value of £430.

Twenty-two Hospital and Teaching APPOINTMENTS

are made yearly.

For Prospectus and details of fees apply to—

FREDERICK C. WALLIS, Beau.

G

UY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL

SCHOOL.
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.)

The SUMMER SESSION will begin on May 3rd. 1909.

(Students who have recently passed the College of
Preceptors' Examination are advised to enter forthwith
to prepare for the Conjoint Examinations in July next .)

The Hospitiil contains 608 Beds, \vhich are in constant
occupation.

ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS.— Five Scholarships
will be competed for in September, 1909. Two in Arts of
the value of £100 and £50, and three in Science of the
value of £150, £60, and £50. Stiulcnts who enter in
Mav, if otherwise eligilile. nic ulile to compete.

APPOINTMENTS.— Hospital aiijioiiitments are made
strictly in accordance witli tlie merits of the Candidates,
and witliout cxtia juivment.

DENT.\I, Si'llooL.— A recognized Dental School is
attached to ttie Hospital, which affords to Students all
the instruct ion required for a Licence in Dental Surgery.

PRIZES AND SCHOLARSHIPS are awarded to
Students in their various years, amounting in the
aggregate to more than £650.

RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE.— The Residential Col-
lege accommodates about 50 Students in addition to the
Resident Staff of tlie Hospital. It contains a large
Dining Hall, Reailiiig Rucu!. Library, and Gymnasium
for the u.se of thi' Students' Clnl..

I or Pro-<|,erlus. |Kn'l iciilnrs of the Scholarships, and
further 111 loll I uit i.ni. iijiph to I lir Dniu, Dr. H. L. Eason,
Guy's Hospilul. London llnilL'.-. S. K.

w

ESTMINSTER HOSPITAL

MEDICAL SCHOOL

(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON),

Broad SANCroiRT ano Caxton Street, S.W.

The Summer Session begins on April 19th.

Special Terms given to So7is of Medical Men.

ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS.
On April 14th and 15th the following Scholarships
may be competed for by students entering in the
Summer Session : —

University Scholarships ... 70 guineas and £60,

Two in Arts £60 and £40.

Two in Science £60 and £40,

Dental Scholarship £20,

For Prospectus and further particulars, apply to

E, ROCK CALEV, F.R.C.S., Dean

1909
COMPETITION OF

ESSAYISTS, R.S.P.C.A.

NOTICE TO PRINCIPALS OF LONDON SCHOOLS.

AH papers relating to this year's Competition
for Prizes, given by the Royal Society pou
THE Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, for
the best Essays on the Duty of Kindness to
Animals, were issued on December 14, 1908.
The only addresses of Private and other Schools
available to the Society are derived from London
and Suburban Directories, covering a radius of
twenty miles from Charing Cross.

In the event of no delivery of papers ha\'ing
been made by post, I shall be glad to send
parcels on receipt of applications from Principals.

No Essay received after February 27th next

E. a. FAIRHOLME,

Secrctari/.
105 Jermyn Street, St. James's, S.W.

UNIVERSITY Of LONDON.

TTNIVERSITY

COLLEGE,

mE ROYAL DENTAL HOSPITAL

. AND LONDON SCHOOL OF DENTAL
SURGERY,
Leicester Square, London, "W",C.

The SUMMER SESSION, 1909, will commence on
Monday, May 3rd, ,

The Royal Dental Hospital was founded in 1858 at
Soho Square, and in March, 1874, was removed to
l^eicester Square, The increased demands made on it
by the public and the rapid growtti of the Medical
School necessitated the erection of an entirely new
building. The new Hospital was opened in March, 1901,
and is complete in every detail with modern appliances, 1
and the School portion of the building thoroughly
equipped for teaching purposes. The chnic of the !
Hospital is unrivalled. In 1908, 109,659 operations were
performed.

The following Scholarships and Prizes are open for
competition.

The Entrance Scholaesbip, of the value of £20,

awarded in October,
The Saunders Scholarship, of the value of £20,
The Storer-Bennett Research Scholarship,

of the value of £50,
The Alfred Wooduouse Scholarship, of £35,
The Robert Wooduouse Prize, of the value of

£10,

INSTRUCTION IN MECHANICAL DENTISTRY.
The instruction in Mechanical Dentistry as required
for the Dental Cm*riculum can be obtained at this
Hospital.

Further particulars concerning Fees, Scholarships,
&c., can be obtained on application to

The Dean,

ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL
SCHOOL. PADDINGTON, W,
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON,)
The SUMMER SESSION Mill begin on April 20tli.
The Medical School provides courses of Instruction
coverin: the ENTIRE MEDICAL CURRICULUM for
the Degrees of the Universities, for the Diplomas of
M,R.C.S., L.R.CP, All Courses are recognized by the
University of London for Internal Students,

SIX ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS, v.ilue £145 to
£25 coniprli'il tor in Si-]iloinl«T next. Candidates join-
ing the Soliool in .biniinr.v or > |.ril an- eli.L'il.Ir.
Completo Hanill.ool, on iippliration to thr IlKAX,

ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
OF EDINBURGH, ROYAL COLLEGE OF
SURGEONS 01' EDINBURGH, AND FACULTY
OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW.
Conies of Regulations tor the Triple Qualification of
this Board L.R.C.P,E.,L.R.C.S.E.,andL.F.P, & S.G.),
containing dates of Professional Examinations for year
1909, Curricnium, &c., may be had on application
to James Robertson, Solicitor, 54 George Square,
Edinburgh, Inspector and Treasurer for Edinburgh: or
from Ai.EVANDKR Duncan. B.A., LL.D.. Faculty Hall,
242 St. Vimrnt Stri'ot, Glasgow, Inspirtoraud Treasurer
forGlasirou. Inap]ilyin- for cojiios. ]ilease state the
date of cuuiui.'iiccm' til <.'/' iiirdiail nlii.hi.

Educational Handwork Association.

i/rfwi? -The Right Ho

A. H. UVKE ACI.AMI.

Summer Courses

in all IIRASCUES OF

EDUCATIONAL HANDWORK

will ue held at
SCARBOROUGH

from July 26th to August 21st, 1909.

stud. .Ills are prepaivil for llie KMUninations of the
BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL
HANDWORK and t he CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON
INSTITUTE hy specially (pialiliod T.aelieis.

Hostel accommodation provided.

For particulars write to J. Spittle, Hon. Sec, 47
Spring Street, Huddersfleld.

The Faculties of the College are :—
The Faculty of Arts, including the Slade School of
Fine Art, the Indian School and the Depart-
ments of Economics and of Architecture.
The F'aculty of Laws.
The Faculty of Science.
The Faculty of Engineering.

The Faculty of Medical Sciences, including the

Department of Public Health.

Students desiring to take Undergraduate Courses in

any one of these faculties should matriculate eitlier in

June or September, in order to enter the College in

October.

ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in the Faculties of
Arts, Laws, Science, and Engineering will be awarded
on the resulis of Examinations to be held in Jlay ; and
in the Faculty of Medical Sciences on tlie results of
Examinations to beheld in September.

Special provision is made for Post-graduate and
Research work in all sui 'jects taught at the College.
For further particulars apply to

WALTER W. SETON, M.A.,

Secretar)!.

TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE,

yJ BRISTOL.

Prospectus and full particulars of any of the following
will be forwarded on application :—
FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCE-
COURSES FOR THE Degree Esaminations of

the University of London.
Department op Biblical Philology and

arch.eolooy.
Secondary Training Department.
Day Training Colleges for Elementary

Teachers (Men and Women).
Department of Engineering.
Applied Chemistry.
Depart.me t of Economic Biology.
FACULTY OF MEDICINE—

Courses for the Degree Examinations of

the University of London.
De.ntal Department.

Diploma in Pubi.ic Health or State Medicine.
Public Health Lab ratory,
EVENING LECTURES. CLASSES, AND LABORA-
TORY INSTRUCTION,
EXTENSION LECTURES,
HALLS OF RESIDENCE FOR ELEMENTARY

TEACHERS.
SCHOLARSHIPS, STUDENTSHIPS, AND PRIZES.
The College allords facilities for Research and Post-
graduate work in all the important branches of .\rts.
Science, and Medicine.

JAMES ^WTY.Vi. Registrar.

MRS. EMIL BEHNKB.

TT'OICE TR.AINING for SPEAKING.

> Author of the "SPEAKING VOICE "

(Curwen, Ltd.),
STAMMERING and all other Speech and Voice
Defects cured.

Author of "STAMMERING." "CLEFT PALATE
SPEECH," " LISPING." by post Is, IJd.

18 Earl's Court Square, London,

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

45

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

ChanceUor: The Risht Hou. A. J. BALFOUR, M.P.. D.C.L., LI,. IX. &c.

Rector: Th,- Ripht Hon. GEORGE WYNDHAM, AI.P., LL.D.

Principal aud Vice-ChanceUor : Sir WILLIAM TURNER, K.C.B., D.C'.L.. LL.D., D.Sc, M.B., &c.

Secretary of Senatus: Professor Sir LUDOVIC J. GRANT, Bart., B.A., LL.D.

Tlip Winter Session befrins about the beKinniug of October, and closes about the middle of JIarcli : (In- Summer Session extends from about the beginnin).'
of May to tlie end of July.

The University embraces Six Faculties, viz. : Arts, Science, Divinity, Law, Medicine ana Surgery, and Music, in all of which full instruction
is given and Decrees are conferred. There are many different avenues to tlie Arts Degrees, the graduation subjects embracing Englisli, History, Modern Languages,
Science, &c., besides Ancient Languages, Philosophy, Mathematics, &c. The Widennig of the Arts Curriculum permits to a greater extent than formerly, the Combination
of Arts, Science, Medical or Special Studies, and it lias been shown by successes of Edinburgh students in the Civil Service Examinations that it is possible to combine
study for Degrees in Arts, Science, or Law with preparation for this and other Special Examinations. In addition to the Ordinary and Honours Degrees in Arts,
the Higher Degrees of D.Litt., D.Phil., and D.Sc. are conferred. Education in Military subjects is given in connexion with the Scheme of allotment of Array Commissions to
Graduates of the University. Degrees in Science (B.Sc. and D.Sc.) may be taken in Pure Science, Engineering, aud in Public Health, and the Degree of
B.Sc. in Agriculture and in Forestry. There are fully equipped Science Laboratories, and other necessary appliances, in all tliese Departments. The curriculum
in Divinity affords a thorough training in Theological subjects, and in Hebrew", Arabic, and Syriac. Tlie Degree of Bachelor of Divinity (B.D.) is conferred. The
Law Faculty, besides furnishing the professional equipment necessary for those intending to practise in Scotland, contains Chairs in Jurisprudence and Public
International Law, Constitutional Law and History, Roman Law, and Political Economy, as also Lectureships in other important branches of Law, and is thus adapted
for students preparing for the Civil Service Examinations, and for legal, political, and administrative appointments generally. The Degrees of Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.)
and Bachelor of Law (B.L.) are conferred. The Faculty of MeHicine has a full curricuUim in Medicine and Surgery, and is equipped with very extensive Laboratories
and all other necessary appliances for Practical Teaching. Ample facilities are afforded for Clinical Instruction at the Royal Infirmary, Maternity Hospital, Royal
Hospital for Siclc Children, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, and Royal Asylum for the Insane. Four Degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred by the University,
viz. : Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), Bachelor of Surgery (Ch.B.), Doctor of Medicine (M.D.),and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.), and tliese Degrees qualify for practice througli-
out His Majesty's dominions, and for admission to the Naval, Military, and other Public Medical Services in the United Kingdom. A Diploma in Tropical Medicine
and Hygiene (D.T.M. & H.) is conferred on Graduates in Medicine of the University, and a University Certificate in Tropical Diseases is also conferred
on qualified Medical Practitioners who have attended Courses in the University on practical Bacteriology and Tropical Diseases. In Music also there is a full course of
study for graduation, and the Degrees of Mus.B. and Mus.D. are conferred.

The University Staff consists of 41 Professors, 62 Lecturers, and over 50 Assistants and Demonstrators. The annual amount available tor Fellowships, Scholarships,
Bursaries, Prizes, &c., is about £18,660. Facilities are afforded for research in scientific and other subjects.

Women may attend the Classes in Arts, Science, Divinity, Law, and Music, and they are admitted to graduation in Arts, Science, Law, Medicine, aud JIusic, the
training for Degrees in Medicine being afforded by well equipped e.xtra-academical Schools.

Information regarding Matriculation, the Curricula of Study for Degrees, &c., the Examinations for Fellowships, Scholarships, &c., may lie obtained from the Deans
OP THE Faculties, or from the Clerk of Se.vatus ; and full details are given in the University Calendar, published by James Thin, 55 South Bridge, Edinburgh-
price 3s. 6d. by post. The Preliminary and Degree Examination papers in each of the Faculties are also pubhshed by Mr. James Thin, viz.— Arts and Science Pi-elimiuary
papers and Bursary papers. Is. : Medical Preliminary papers, 6d. ; Degree papers : Arts, Is. ; Science, 9d. ; Divinity, Law, Medicine) and Music. 6d. each.

December, 1908. By authority of tlie Senatus, L. J. GRANT. Serretnrii nf Scnatits.

EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.

(Established oter 70 Years.)

Proprietors : —
Messra. eRITFITHS, SMITH, POWELL & SMITH,

Offices .—34 Bedford Street, Strand ; and
22 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Telegraphic Address .— " Scliolasque, London."
Telephone .—7021 Gerrard.

Srholasfic.
Head Masters and Principals of Public and
Private Schools drsii.ms of engiigiug qunlilied and
well reeommenileil Eiisilish or Foreign Resident, Non-
resident, or \ isiting Assistant Masters, can have eligible
Candidates introduced to them (free of charge) by
stating their requirements to Messrs. Griffithb,
Smith, Powell & Smith.

A List of Easter, 1909, Vacancies will be
forwarded on application to Graduates and other
well qualified Assistant Masters seeliing appoint-
ments for next term.

Schools Transferred and Valued. Partner-
ships arranged. No charg^e unless sale
effected. List of Boys' and of Girls' Schools
and School Partnerships for Sale, sent Gratis
to intending- Purchasers, TO WHOM NO
COMMISSION IS CHABGED.

Assistant Mistresses.

Head Mistresses and Principals of Public
and Private Schools requiring English or
Foreign Assistant Mistresses can, on appli-
cation to Messrs. GRIFFITHS, SMITH,
POWELL 8c SMITH, have suitable Candidates
placed in immediate communication with
them free of charge.

A List of Easter, 1909, Vacancies will be
forwarded to English and Foreign Assistant
Mistresses and other Teachers on applica-
tion. Liberal Salaries.

JOINT ACEMCY FOR WOMEN TEACHERS, THE JOINT SCHOLASTIC

AGENCY.

23 Southampton Street, Bloomsbury Square, W.C,

74 GiowER Street, London, W.C.

(Under the management of a Committee appointed by
the Teachers' Guild, College of Preceptors, Head
Mistresses' Association, Association of Assistant
Mistresses, and Welsh County Schools Association.)

THIS Agency lias been establislied for
tlie inirpose of enabling Teachers to find work
without unnecessary cost. All fees have therefore
been calculated on the lowest basis to cover the
working expenses.

No Registration Fees are charged to members of the
above Associations, and their Commissions are reduced.

Hours for Interviews:

11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and 3 to 5 p.m. ;
Saturdays, 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and 2 to 3 p.m.
When possible, special appointments should be :ii
ranged.

Reffistrar. Miss ALICE M. FOUNTAIN.

MISS MARGARET CARTER,

L.R.A.M.. A.R.C.iVl.

(Lafe Head of Music Depart mm f , Sldnners' Company's
School, 1890-1905, Dirrclress of Music and Lecturer
on Voice Frodnclion at Ihc Goldsmiths' Training

College for Teachers),
Teacher of Siaging and Voice Production at the London

County Council's Training Colleges and Schools,

announces that slie receives Pupils for Pianoforte, Solo

Singing, aud Voice Production (for Singers and Speakers)

at )ier Studios at

Advice given to Students desiring to enter the j^Iusical

profession to teacli Voice Production. Scliools and

Colleges visited.

SPECIAL CLASSES FOR TEACHERS.
Principals desiring trained Teachers for Reading,
Elocution, Voice Production, and Class Singing are in.
vited to apply to

Miss JIARGARET CARTER,

14 Park Place Villas, W.

^__ by a Committee of Representatives of the

following Bodies .—

HEAD MASTERS' CONFERENCE.

INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION OF HEAD MASTERS.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. TEACHERS' CUILD.

INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION of ASSISTANT MASTERS.

ASSOCIATION OF TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS.

ASSOCIATION OF PREPARATORY SCHOOLS.

WELSH COUNTY SCHOOLS.

' Registrar : :\lr. E. A, VIRGO.

The object of this Agency is to render assistance
at a minimum cost to Masters seeking appointments.
The lowest possible fees are therefore charged.

A PROSPECTUS will be sent ON APPLICATION.

Interviews (preferalilv by appointn.eiit) 12 p. 111. -l.30p.in.

and3p.m.-5.30p.ni. Satunlays, 12 1..111.-I p.m.

Telephnne-Cit.v 2257.

AGENCY FOR

KINDERGARTEN & JUNIOR FORM TEACHERS

Froebel Society, 4 Bloomsbury Square, W.C.

The Froebel Society lias on its register teachers hold-
ing the Certificates o'f the National Froebel Union, the
Royal Drawing Society, the R.A.M., and the R.C.M.,
College of Preceptors, &c.

No Fee is charged to employers until an engagement
is made.— Miss 'Temple Orme, LL.D., Secretary.

M

TUITION IN ESPERANTO.

R. CHARLES COWPER, F.B.E.A.,

s open to Enpiipements for preparing pupils for
the Oxford Local and other Esaminations in Esperanto.
Schools or Private Tuition. London aud near Suburbs.
Several years' successful experience in Lecturing and
Class -Teaching. Apply (in the first instance by letter),
121 Castellain Mansions, Maida Vale. W.

46

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

fm LATEST SELF- FILLING FOUNTAIN PEN. ■
7r^T'^^S AN ADVERTISEMENT X^o^^^
The Self-Filling and Self-Cleaning Perfection Fountain Pen(worth 15/-)
to Teachers for 4- only, or 3 Pens for 10/6.
This >s!iiiinlveitis.'iii,-iitoHVr, and willlir withdrawn shortly.
aar ORDER NOW BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE.
Money returned if not fvUly satisfied. Guaranteed tor 2 years.

rlf

Description:— Non-lwikal.lc. fills and il.
press, a (ill— fitted with large 14-calat l-oUI ndi, ii idunii lipiLil. f-'iiaran-
teed to last for vears. No other Pen like it for reliahilit.v, ste;ul.v flow
and smooth writing. Every Pen a pleasure.

Makers —

THE RED LION MANUFACTURING CO., Ltd., 71 High Holborn, London,W.C.

No need to buy any other Pen while this offer lasts.

T,, oblain llus admntiffe. meiitinn - Tlir F.diiniUiimd Times.-

^ THE TEACHING OF HISTORY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. >^

Board of Education Circular No. 599.

"The pupils sliuuhi be eaTeltdl.v trained to under-
stand tlif chninolof^icjil sequence of events."

Cbc 'Britannic" Bislorical 6coarapDp Books.

fcnrelating History, Geograjjhy, and Map Drawing. In Two I'arts.

Part I. From the Roman Invasion, B.C. 55, to the Wars of the Roses, a.d. 1485.

Part II. Prom the Tndors, A.D. 14S5, to the Crimean War, a.d. 1856.

Parts I. and II., per doz., net, 38. Single copies, post free, 4d.

CDe 'Susfl^stions" Bistorical Orawins Cards.

pom- Sets of 24 Cards in Cloth Case. Pacli Card eontanis si'vei-al Draw-
nigs done in a style suitable tor copying by children, illustratmg Costnmes,
Weapons, Buildings, Furniture, &c., &c. Periods illustrated :—
.Set A. Ancient Britons to Anglo-Saxons. | Set C. Tudors to Hanoverians.
Set B. Xormans to Tudors. I Set D. European History.

Price, per Set, Is. 6d.
Specimen Cards and Parjes of nhore, together with illustrated Catalo{/it^.

(lioiiiii detailed lists of i-nntents, sent post free on application.
^^11^ CHARLES & DIBLE, 10 Paternoster Square, LONDON, E.G. mmm^^

IDOLA PULPITORUM:

PITFALLS OF THE PRACTICAL TEACHER.

For flu's series of Articles, see "The Journal of Education."
INTRODUCTORY ARTICLZS, by Professor Adams [November,
1906]; CLASSICS, bv H. G. Hart [December, 1906]; ENGIiISH,
by Arthur Bdrrell [January, 1907]; FRENCH, by Cloudksley
Brereto.n- [February and March, 1907] ; SCIZiNCE, bv T. Percy
NUNX [April, 1907] ; NATURE STUDY, by T. Kav.moxt [Way,
1907] ; HISTORY, by S. S. F. Fletcher [June, 1907] ; PHYSICAL
TRAINING, by Colonel Malcolm Fox [July, 1907] ; DRAWING,
by W. E. Sparkes [August, 1907] ; DOMESTIC SCIENCE, by
Alice Kavenhill [October, 1907] ; GEOMETRY, by II. Winifred
Stckge [December, 1907] ; GEOGRAPHY, by Dr. A. J. Herbert-
son [January, 1908]; MUSIC TEACHING, by Arthur Somervell
[June, 1908]; ARITHMETIC, by P. B. Ballard [July, 1908].
Subscription is 7s. per annum; single numbers, 8d. post free.

Offices : 3 BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL, E.G.

THE SCHOLARS' CARTOONS.

BRITISH NATIONAL LIFE,

desifjned b,\

FIRST SERIES, i

iry assistance of
ise of publication, contiiining: original designs by

WALTER CRANE, JOHN HASSALL,

FRANK BRANGWYN, A.R.A., Prof. GERALD MOIRA,

CAMPBELL TAYLOR, SPENCER PRYSE.

The lirst four prints created particuhir interest at the Moral Education Congress.
yrospectus grutin ; Prints sent on approvnl.

HANFSTAENGL, 16 Pall Mall East, S.W.

POPULAR.

NOVEL.

THE ENGLISH CONSTITUTION.

(1603—1688.)
By NORAH POWYS

(.O.i\ford Honour School of Modern Historn, Scholar of Lady
Moryaret Sail).

PRICE Is.

London : SHERRATT & HUGHES, Soho Square ;
or EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY ASSOCIATION, Ltd., Holborn Viaduct.

SOCIETE NATIONALE DES PROFESSEURS DE
FRANCAIS EN ANGLETERRE.

Cours Pratique et raisonne de Phonetique
Francaise.

Les conrs reprendrt-nt le ^lartli, 2 Fevner.
Pour renstignen]ents, s'atlresser a il. Kaei.ei, Sackville House, 8a Ri'd Lion
Stiuarc. W.f.

EXAMINATION PAPER

ab used by the

In strict accordance with the College requirements, and each Sheet
bears their Watermark.

Packed In Seams of 480 Sheets per Ream, 2s.

„ „ 960 „ „ 4s.

Bookkeeping Paper, rnled for Ledger, Gash Book, and Jonmal, Is. per 100 Sheets.

Mnsic Paper, Is. per 100 Sheets.

Remittance should accompany Order,

r. W. SHELBOURNE & CO., Wholesale and Retail Stationers.

53 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. W.O.

THE HEAD I>riSTRKS8 of the

1 LONDON ORPHAN ASVl.l'M at AVattord is
retiring on tho ground ot liealtli after twelve .vears'
zealous service. ;inil the Board ol Managers are there-
fore (lesirons of s.-cni-ins as soon as possible a thoroughly
ennipeli'nl ami exjxrienced successor.
Tlinr ai. uli.iLLt 170 girls and a teaching stall of eight

I i , I - ..[ training is up to the standard of the
i:r I. I . 1 1 Examinations.

l;( Miirii; , ,|.rnence essential.

lull particulars may be obtained ot Mr. H. C.
AttMlGER, Secretary, London Orphan Asylum Ollice,
3 Crosb.v Square, Bishopsgate, E.G.

Now Eeaby.
Sixty-second Edition. Price 2s.

THE CHILD'S GUIDE TO KNOW-
LEDGE.

By A Lady.

The Original and Aiithoi-iz.ed Edition brought down to

the present time.

London

SiMPICI

THE METRIC AND ENGLISH UNIVERSITE DE RENNES {France)

WEIGHTS & MEASURES '^'^^^c" °°)^«a1.|!^.';-fORE'°'-^«s

^e"icWd^s;S:i'M^s;uern[1;tii^nh;!friiUsh ! WINTER TERM: From 15 Nov «08tol5 B^im
EquhaleuU aVAl'i'H()RIZEl) BY THE BOARD, SUMMER TERM : From 1 March to 8 June. 1909.
OF TRADE, as well as the Jletric Equivalents of ALL | Diplomas.

the Enghsh Weights and Measures. 1 p; ij,^^.^ ^^ j^^^^^ ^j Littei-ature Francaises ; Doctorat.

The Metric System is now being taught in all Schools, Reduction of 50 ', on railway fares from Dieppe or
and is being largely used by Manufacturers throughout Calais to Rennes. Applv for Prospectus to
the British Empire. | Piot. Feuillerat, Facnlte des Lettres, Rennes.

Itetail, Price Id., Post Free IJd.
Published by
PERCY E. RADLEY, 30 Theobald's Road, London, W.C.

r i

Ntnv Edition. 18mo, price 9d.

ri^HE ELEMENTS OF BOOK-

X KEEPING, by Single and Double Entry,
with Practical Explanations and Exercises ou the most
useful Forms for Business. By A. K. Isbister, M.A.
LL.B., late Dean of the College of Preceptors.
Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, & Co., Ltd. I London: Longmans & Co., Pateknostkb Row, E.C.

SECONDHAND BOOKS AT HALF PRICES I
NEW BOOKS AT 25 /^ DISCOUNT !

B^

OOKS for A.C.P., L.C.P., P.C.P.,

Matric, University, Certificate, Scholarship,
L.L.A., B.A., and ALL other Examinations supplied.
State wants : send for List. Books sent on approval.
BOOKS BOUGHT, best prices given. — W. & G.
Fotle, 135 Charing Cross Road, W.C.

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

47

COLLEGE

1909.
OF PRECEPTORS.

(Incorpoi-dted by Royal Clmrter.)
BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.

Xectures for Zcacbcvs

SCIENCE, ART, AND HISTORY OF EDUCATION.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF TEACHING
AND EDUCATION.

To be delivered by Professor J. ADAMS, M,A., B.Sc, F.C.P., Piofessor of Edu-
cation in the University of London.

The First Course of Lectures (Thirty-seventh Annual Series) will commence on
Thursday, February 4th, at 7 p.m.

The purpose of the Course is to give teachers an opportunity to study at first hand
the principles that underlie the practice of their profession. The lecturer will treat
his subject in such a way as to lit in with the requirements of the College in con-
nexion with the examinations for the Associateship, the Licentiateship, and the
Fellowship ; but his main purpose will be to present the matter in such a way as to
make it of piuctical service to the teacher. The reading of the students will be
guided, and problems set for their exercise. All the illustrations in the lectures
will be drawn from actual experience in the schoolroom, and will include the
results of current experimental methods.

SYLLABUS.

I. (Feb. 4.) The Data of PsycJioIof/y : unique chai-acter of consciousness :
generic consciousness : insulation of the individual consciousness : polarity of con-
sciousness: the objective and the subjective : the self and the ego : nature of the
soul : evolution of personality : interplay of personalities : self-realization as goal of
education : the teacher's lever.

II. (Feb. 11.) Psychology as an Educational Instrument : prevalent misunder-
standing: Miinaterberg's theory: nature of hypostasis: the exploded faculty
psychology : distincticji between soul and soul content : education as a process of
assimilation of and by tho external world : apperception : dynamic view of know-
ledge : Herbert Spencer's view of the educational value of knowledge.

III. (Feb. 18.) Presentational Processes : Sensation and the senses : the "pre-
ferred sense " : practical applications of the theory of preferred sense : the training
of tlie senses : distinction between sensation and perception: meaning and limits
of observation and experiment; the "gaping point": the area of observational
activity: distinction between observation and inference: the movable inference
index.

IV. (Feb. 25.) Representational Processes : distinction between gathering and
elaborating material : conception : the static and dynamic view of ideas : ideas as
forces: changes in the activity of a given idea: copresentation and interplay of
ide-as : hierarchy of ideas : the fixed idea : marginal and focal ideas : the possibility
of the subconscious influence of ideas.

V. (March 4.) Soul -build ing : nature and scope of association : usual limitation
to idea-* : really of general application : association makes habits possible: advan-
tages and disadvantages of habit forming : the "growing point": accommodation
and co-ordination : the.old and the new laws of the association of ideas : Paulhan's
view : manipulation of association in teaching.

VI. (March 11.) Memory: relation to personal identity: physical basis of
memory : possibility of improving memory as a natural power : the associat i ■ e and
the nitional memory: mnemonics and the memoria technica : mediate and imme-
diate recall : temporary and permanent memory : the natmv of the memory implied
in " cram " : rote-leaming: relation between memory and general intelligence.

VH. (March 18.) " Tlte Busy Faculty " : unjustified depreciation of the imagina-
tion : differentiation from memory : jesthetic and practical spheres f imagination :
■' (lay-dreaming" : need to imagine processes as well as results : misleading use of
the word "ideal": the need for clearly imaged ends in pi-actical life: application
to the teaching of Geography, History, Arithmetic, and Geometry : imtigination as
a drag on thought.

VIII. (April 29.) Beaulation of Conseiottsness : nature of attention: relation
to interest: teachers' distrust of interest : confusion with pleasure : interest and
attention as cause and effect : various classifications of the kinds of attention :
the physiological basis of attention : the alternation between concentration and
dilTusion : possibility of degrees of attention.

IX. (May 6.) Reasoning: technical distinctioa between judgment and reason-
ing: both included in popular term thinking: fundamentally an adaptation of
means to ends on the ideational plane : thinking may be called the purposive aspect
of apperception : laws of thought as thought : the most fundamental law of all
thinking: induction, deduction, and fallacies.

X. (Alay 13.) Feelings aiid En/of ions : the pleasure-pain tone that accompanies
the activities of the snul : unjustified depreciation of the emotions: driving power
of spiritual life: relation to ideas: expression of the emotions, and the various
theories connected with it : practical applications to school work : control of the
emotions : relation between feeling and desire.

• XI. (May 20.) Desire and Will: activity of desire: relation to possibility of
attainment: expectation of success: evolution of will out of desire: nature and
function of motive: fallacy of "the strongest motive" theory: subjective and
objective aspects of the will : what is meant by training the will and breaking the
will : the problem of the free will of educator and educand.

XII. (]\Iiiy 27. 1 Temperament and Character : various meanings attached to thr
tri Ml /,■„,,, ,■,,,, ,,/ in ancient and modern times : accepted fl;i--sil"u';aiiiiis : jiliysical

t;li>i' . >! I he temperaments : permanency of temper; tM : iins^iMf nioMi-

'i' I ' '" ' '!■ : iHf element: influence of temperament on rii:ir;Mi( r : rlKiractcr
^^ pi s ,11.1 I h, ;i rhissification: use and abuse of schemes of cl;issit> niu clKnacters.

The Fee for t/ie Course of Twelve Lectures is Half-a-Guinea.

NEW TREATmInT^OF GEOGRAPHY.

By GEO. REG. GILL, F.R.G.S.

THE SUBJECT REJIODELLED UPON RATIONAL LINES AS :

(a) An Aid to Commercial pursuits.

(b) A Natural Treatment of Nature's Laws.

(c) Evidencing the entire Earth's surface as the abode of man

— in a realistic form.
The treatment embodies three necessary forms of material which prove
more economical than the out of date methods.

(1) A distinctly new collection of Contour Relief Maps.

(2) Key Demonstration Maps with novel features.

(3) Scholars' Companion Text Books forming adjuncts to the

Lecture.

*«• The Lectures will be delivered on Thursday Evenings, at 7 o'clock, at the
College, BlooinsVmry Square, W.C— Members of the College have free admission to
the Cimi-sc.

As a knowledge of Euclid is beneficial to the Reasoning powers, so this system

of Geographical training is necessary for the realization of up-to-date
methods In all branches of commerce.

I. Gill's New Contour Relief Maps.

size 60 in. ■ 40 la. (full).

THE NATURE SERIES.

The Mountains, Valleys, Rivers, and Contours stand out as actual
facts. They are true to Nature — tmbreakable .iiid light — (18 lbs.).
The series is reproduced from the original models by
GEO. REG. GILL, F.R.G.S.,
prepared during many years of research and experiment, and from the
most recent available material. The effect attained is precisely that
which one would expect to find were it possible to view the Earth's
surface from a position in space Nearly Ready —

AMERICA. EUROPE. AFRICA.

ASIA. BRITAIN. AUSTRALIA.

II. The Sphere Key Maps.

60in.x40in , on Rollers and Varnished, 12s.

This entirely new series forms a Political Commercial Key to the
above Nature Slaps. Many novel and educational points have been
embodied. Countries at nboi-e in tJie press and ready shortUi.

III. Scholars' Adjuncts to the Lecture.

Illustrated by new Relief and other Maps, designed to record the teach-
ing points made during the lecture. In the press and read;/ shortly.

The NORMAL PrEPARATIOM AND TEST MAPS

By REGINALD GILL, F.R.G.S., London Chamber of Commerce.

Id. each net.

OUTLINE M^.PS SUPEKSEDETJ.

Though not lequirinp; the Pupil to compile the actual outline, the Normal Test
Maps supply sufficient data in Art Colours to enable him to do the work correctly.
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[Feb. 1, 1909.

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Feb. 1. 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

51

CONTENTS.

Pago

Leader : ' ' For Private Profit " .51

Notes 52

The Teachinjf ot English in Schools— The Teachers' Register— The
Commercial Value of Languages— Parliamentary Representation of
Higher Education— [rish in the Xational University.

Summary of the Month S-l

Educational Conferences 54

Universities and Colleges 57

Oxford — East London — Leeds — Glasgow — Joint Matriculation
Board.

Ciurent Events 61

Fixtures — Honours— Scholarships and Prizes — Endowments and
Benefactions — Appointments and Vacancies— Literary — General.
College of Preceptors :

Half-yearly General Meeting 64

Adjourned Meeting of Council 66

The Educational Ladder 66

Open Court : A Budget of Controversies — mainly over Moral
'EducatioTi {couliiiiied). By Dr. P. H. Hayward 67

American National Education Association : Declaration of
Principles, 1908 69

Scientific Method in the Study of Education. Summary of a
Paper by Prof. Fiudlay and Mr. P. Sandiford, M.Sc 70

Reviews 71

Principles of Secondary Education {De Garmo) : Vol. I., The
Studies ; Vol. II., Processes ot Instruction— My Story (Hall Caine)
—A Scrap Book of Elementary Mathematics (White).

General Notices ''i

First Glances 76

Mathematics 77

TLbc Ebucational ITtines.

'•For
Private Profit '

Mark Twain begins one of his books with
a pretty eulogy of the ass, but goes on to
say : " Instead of being complimented when
we are called an ass, we are left in doubt." In Board of
Education circulars a certain class of schools are described
as being conducted for private profit. It is quite possible
that nothing offensive is meant by the phrase, but the
private-school masters are in doubt. The time has long gone
by when it was considered disgraceful to take fees for giving
instiuction. Had they lived to-day, the Sophists would
not have felt called upon to apologize for accepting the due
reward of their laboui-s. None of our modern teachers emu-
late those of the olden times who, according to J. R. Green,
used to think so little about fees as to leave them lying
about in the classroom — sometimes to the profit of the less
scrupulous pupils who were already in arrears. The teacher
of to-day, no doubt, like Brooks, " disdains a vulgar trade,'"
but, unlike that famous club-foundei-, he no longer " blushes
to be paid." This change of attitude marks teachers of all
grades ; so it is at least ungenerous to select one class and
label it as specially given over to the desire for gain. As a
matter of fact, many a private teacher would very gladly
exchange gains with his jDublic colleague. The teacher
under a public authority works quite as much for the sake
of money as does the private- school ma.ster. Money that
comes direct from the parents should carry no stigma, just
as money that comes by the more roundabout way of the
public purse should carry no pi-estige. Thei-e is a subtle
distinction in ordinary speech between a public servant and
a servant of the public. The official schoolmaster is too
often denied the first title, but this injustice is no excuse
for attaching the second title to those who have private
schools.

No slur is attached to a medical man because he practises
his profession for private profit. He is none the less atten-
tive to the interests of his patients because he insists upon
their paying him a reasonable fee. The comparison here
has a closer bearing on our subject than would at first sight
appear ; for there is an increasing tendency for medical men

to seek public appointments. The recently instituted system
of medical inspection is excellent so far as it goes ; but it is
unlikely that it will be allowed to remain as it is. It is
already being asked : What is the good of inspection unless
something is to he done in cases where grave but remediable
defects have been discovered ? Inspection must be followed
by treatment, and, if the treatment is to be in the hands of
the public doctor, what is to become of the private practi-
tioner ? We shall have circulars from Whitehall penal-
izing doctors who practise for j^rivate profit.

It may be objected that it is somewhat trifling to make
so much of a mere phrase, and the contention may be
willingly granted if the natui'al conclusion follows — that,
since it is so trifling a matter, there can surely be no
objection to I'emove a phi'ase that displeases those to whom
it is applied and does not specially please those who use it.
Why not cut out " conducted for private profit " and sub-
stitute " conducted for private enterprise " ? Were this
change adopted there would not only be no longer any
possibility of reading a sinister meaning into the oflicial
description, but the new phrase would be really an accurate
description of what the private-school master claims to be.
Enterprise implies alertness, suggests efficiency, and, above
all, calls up ideas of progressiveness and openness to new
ideas. It is at least not unreasonable to maintain that the
private schools, by the very fact that they are free from
official restrictions, are in a better position to initiate new
lines of development than those that are under public con-
trol. There is at the present moment great danger of the
secondary schools of this country being reduced to a very
undesirable state of uniformity. Centralized inspection of
schools almost inevitably leads to an unwholesome sameness.
The Board of Education is fully alive to this danger and
is doing all it can to avert it, though it cannot altogether
eliminate the levelling tendency. The desirability of con-
sidering the special needs of each school area is now
generally recognized, and it is, perhaps, in this connexion
that the private schools have their strongest claim to public
support.

Signs are not lacking to indicate the rise of a demand for
a different type, or different types, of school from that which
is being stereotyped throughout the country. This is par-

52

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

ticularly marked in the case of girls' schools. It would
almost appear that the high-school type of gir'l is being
produced in greater numbers than there is any demand
for. High-school training for girls appears to have fallen
into a vicious circle. Girls are prepared at their high
school for the University. When they have finished
with the University they find that the one thing they
are specially fitted for is to be high-school mistresses.
So back they go to the schools and train more girls to
do as they have done. It will naturally be objected that all
the girls trained at high schools do not go to the Univei-sity,
but the trouble is that they are all trained as if they were to
go there. The same objection might be raised against the
girls' high schools that was formerly raised against the
Universities themselves, when it was maintained that their
teaching was carried on as if all their students were to
become University professors. Parents are getting a little
tired of having their girls all brought up in the same way,
and are looking about for other types of schools. It is
natural that they should turn to the private school, and it is
equally natural that the private-school teacher should do all
she can to meet the reasonable demands of the parents.
This, indeed, is the weakness in the private-school position.
It may be said that a teacher who must consult the wishes
of parents is no freer than the teacher who must satisfy a
hard-hearted Board of Education and a swarm of specialist
inspectors. The private-school master may well appeal to
actual experience to show that schools such as his have
actually shown greater elasticity than those under public
control. He might even go the length of arguing that
parents are anxious for the true interests of their children
and are, after all, not imbeciles. But, as a rule, the private-
school master feels the parent diificulty and would be glad of
relief.

It is at this point that the compromise, never far from the
mind of an Englishman, suggests itself. Why not seek to
combine the advantages of both systems ? Why not call in
the Board of Education to support the private-school master
when the parents make unreasonable demands P Why not
get His Majesty's Inspector to play Mr. Jorkins to the
private-.school master's Mr. Spenlow ? After all, this is
what the really efiicient private schools demand. The usual
defect of the private school is the insulBciency of the ac-
commodation and the inadequacy of the staff and apparatus.
If now a given school is able to satisfy the Board of Educa-
tion that in these essentials it is quite up to the standard
exacted from schools under public control, there does not
appear to be any just cause to regard it as inferior. But
may we not go further ? In the case of such a school,
why should we stop short at recognizing it as efiicient ? On
what grounds is a public grant to be refused ? In the case
of residential schools that draw from all parts of the country
and the colonies, it may fairly be objected that they do not
form a part of the local system of education ; but when a
boys' or girls' school does for its neighbourhood exactly
the same sort of work as is done by a municipal school, the
only difierence being that it is conducted by private enter-
prise, there does not appear to be any valid objection to its
being aided from the public funds. It provides school places
that would otherwise have to be provided for by the Local

Authority, and therefore effects a saving on the capital out-
lay of the district. An educational area ought to welcome
any master with enterprise enough to provide a number of
school places on the easy condition that he should, under
the same conditions of efficiency as the municipal schools,
share in the public grants. The exact amount of the fee to
be charged might be a matter for arrangement, and a
reasonable maximum might be fixed — a maximum that
might considerably exceed the fee in the municipal schools.
It has to be remembered, in dealing with this matter of fee,
that the parents of pupils in such a school as this are among
the heaviest conti-ibutors to the school rate ; and it does not
seem fair that they should get no direct benefit from the
rates merely because they desire a somewhat different kind
of education from that supplied by the local schools under
public control.

NOTES.

We are glad that the English Association, in the multi-
plicity of the subjects within the purview of its operations,
is giving attention to the teaching of English in the schools.
The examinational results of such teaching appear to be open
to considerable improvement. Some blame the teachers — of
course ; others blame the examiners. Very likely, examiners
and teachers do not always operate from the same stand-
point, and the pupils fall through between them. Still, we
ai'e more inclined to blame the system : the conditions and
the methods. It may be simple enough for educated adults
to write English with fluency and effect, but it is very far
from a simple exercise for school children ; they may speak
their thoughts on any subject with freedom and clearness,
but it is a very different effort to express the same things in
writing. We will venture a suggestion or two on the most
essential points. Prom a tolerably wide experience of exami-
nations, we are driven to conclude that the first reform
necessary is to insist on distinct and facile handwriting ; the
hand should write, as it were, automatically, without dis-
tracting the attention of the writer from the subject. The
grammar of English, strictly i-egarded, is so insignificant
that it need be little insisted upon : indeed, the whole mecha-
nism of English for the purpose of composition — and this,
we take it, is almost the sole grammatical puipose that need
in general be considered — can be easily taught with the most
trifling incidental references to grammar, and without even
the mention of any of those technical terms that vex the soul
of Prof. Sonnenschein (and others). [The method, with
examples and exercises, has been exhaustively illustrated in
a little volume — " First Work in English " (Longmans) — •
which was favourably discussed about a generation ago by
the late Prof. Meiklejohn in a course of lectures at the College
of Preceptors. The book, we should add, is not intended for
direct aid in examinations ; it is intended to utilize grammar
for composition, and is only indirectly an aid to examinations.]
The rest of the task will consist in the judicious selection of
subjects for composition, in limiting correction to the more
outstanding faults (to obviate discouragement), and in re-
quiring frequent exercises for practice. The necessary prac-
tice involves a demand for more time ; but this time would be

Feb. 1, 1909.

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

53

more than compensated in later stages by tlie acquired grasp
of the language. The studj^ of English as literature is a
subsequent consideration ; but it will be of little avail with-
out a trained discrimination of the good and the less good in
composition.

In view of the discussion of the question of a Teachers'
Register by the Head Masters and the Assistant Masters at
their annual meetings, the Morning Post (January 15) re-
views the position. " It is before all things desirable
to-day," saj-s our contempoi'aiy, " that teaching- should be
fully recognized as one of the liberal professions, and the
mark which distinguishes these professions from all others
is that they control the qualifications of all their members.''
The need for a Register was recognized by the Board of
Education Act of 1899, " but the history of the Registration
question since that date reflects little credit on the Board of
Education, which then came into being." Willing co-opera-
tion with the teachers' representatives " has never been
given." " Instead of doing everything in their power to
bring about Registration, the Board have done a great deal
to hinder it, and by their action have brought matters to a
veritable impasse." Our contemporary concludes :

The motive behind their action is difficult to discover. It may be that
they sincerely desire to prevent the teaching profession from becoming
a profession in any proper sense of the word, that thej- desire the
teachers to become mere officials subordinate to a bureaucracy iu White-
hall. On the otlier hand, it may be a matter of purely personal idiosyn-
crasy. Whatever be the motive, their action hardly tends to enhance the
dignity of the Board.

It is anything but agreeable to make or to reproduce such
strictures upon the Board of Education, and we should
heartily welcome the earliest possible removal of the grounds
of dissatisfaction.

In discussing the commercial value of languages it is well
to distinguish — as usual. "A knowledge of languages is
not necessary to success in business," says a City merchant.
■ Take a score of men in the City earning £3,000 a year,
and you will probably find that scarcely one of them can
sustain a conversation in any language but his own. It is
breadth of outlook, grit, and adaptability rather than know-
ledge of foreign languages that make for success in com-
merce." These qualities, no doubt, must be possessed by
the Napoleons of finance and by the Chevaliers of industry
and commerce ; and it is the anthropologist-biologist that
must tell us how to obtain them. Yet it is extremely
probable that the best natural equipment would be not in-
considerably aided by a competent knowledge of the lan-
guages of commerce — the £3,000 might be turned into
larger figures. The school, however, has chiefly to do with
the main body — the much more numerous and humbler
members — of the commercial army, to whom a knowledge of
one or more foreign languages may be the indispensable
means of getting and maintaining a post where the Napo-
leonic qualities have less scope than the routine duty of
executing the directions of a superior. It is enough to
justify the claims of modern languages if they give the
student a footing in the business world and a chance of
rising, and about that there is no room for question. One
may be an admirable linguist and yet fail in business ; but

a man with ordinary business qualities will be enormously
helped by a knowledge of the languages pertinent to his
particular class of business. As a means to an end, lin-
guistic knowledge is all to the good, to say nothing of its
value as culture.

Did we not hear something lately of a proposal to have
secondary education represented specially in the House of
Commons on the analogy of the N.TJ.T. ? It is said that
the elementary teachers have derived benefit from the
presence of representatives in the House. Why, then,
should secondary teachers not reap advantage from a
similar arrangement r" The question seems to resolve itself
into simple elements : to find the money and to find the man
(or men). Yet the processes may not prove so very simple
in the working out. From Canada we hear of a movement
with a similar purpose, but of quite another type. The
three great Universities of the Dominion — McGill, Toronto,
and Laval (Quebec) — aspire to the privilege of representa-
tion on the pattern of University representation in this
country ; and it is reported as probable " that an Act
e.stablishing this new departure will be passed next session."
The Universities are within their right in endeavouring to
magnify their importance and to look closely after their
interests. It is for the Dominion Parliament to consider
their claims in the light of the public interest. The special
representation of Universities in this country is an anomaly
that is not universally regarded as a success. But, if the
Canadian Universities gain their point, they will, no doubt,
be cited as an argument for the maintenance of the British
anomaly when it comes to be assailed, as it is tolerably
certain to be assailed, in the next Bill for adjusting electoral
conditions. A fancy franchise is not easily to be justified
in a democratic country.

The whole of Ireland is in uproar over the place of the
Ii-ish language in the economy of the National Universitv.
and the Irish journals are filled with reports of meetings,
speeches, and letters seething with controversy. The Cor-
poration of Dublin, after one vain attempt to assemble a
quorum, has at last voted, 24 to 1, " that the Irish language
should be made an essential subject for Matriculation in
the new Irish University from its inception, if the University
is to be an Irish and national institution in fact as well as
in name." The County Councils, and other public bodies.
have passed resolutions in the same sense, generally intimat-
ing at the same time that, unless Irish be made compulsory,
they will " hold the rint." The Standing Committee of
the Roman Catholic Bishops, however, while declaring theii
profound interest in the work of the National University.
and "■ looking forward to the day when the Irish language
will again be spoken throughout the country and will iu
consequence become largely the medium of instruction iu
the constituent colleges," have pi-onounced against compul-
sion and represented that, in order to reach the desired
stage, " by far the best means is to set up in the colleges
bright centres of Gaelic study that will, by their light and
by their rewards, attract young Irishmen within the s|)here
of their Irish influence.' To this the " Sinn Fein " replies
that the " credulity of the Bishops has made them the easy

54

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1,1909.

victims of English intrigue, and declares tliat, if the Senate
of the National University agree with the Bishops, then the
people must treat the new University as an enemy." It is
little wonder that an ulterior purpose is sought for in the
action of the " Sinn Fein " and Gaelic League, when one
considers the unpractical character of the contention in ex-
isting circumstances, when only a very small number of
matriculants know any Irish, whether spoken or written.
Probably the commanding position of the Chancellor, Arch-
bishop Walsh, will settle the question definitely on the
Senate. But the movement is undoubtedly significant ; and,
though Irish may not be made compulsory, it ought to have
free scope for development.

youiii;

SUMMARY OP THE MONTH.

The Annual General Meeting of the Incorporated Association
of Head Masters was opened at the Guildhall under the presi-
dency of the Rev. Dr. A. W. Upoott, Christ's Hospital, on
January 12. The Lord Major attended in state and welcomed
the members of the Association. Dr. Upcott, in his presidential
address, said that, whatever views might be taken of the provi-
sions of the Education Act, 19u2, it had left an indelible mark
upon the history of education in this country — largely, he
thought, for good. The Act had aroused an unprecedented
amount of real and intelligent, if not always wisely guided,
interest in education all over the country. The School Boards
did a great deal for elementary education, but the Education
Committees, controlling as they did both primary and secondai-y
education and composed of men and women drawn from a wider
and more liberal basis than the old School Boards, had done a
Tast deal more. With regard to the status and character of the
teacher, he maintained that no system of education, however
sound, would be truly and permanently successful unless they
had the right persons to carry it into practice. The question of
inspection was at present hardly ripe for public discussion. He
believed inspection to be a healthy tonic for both head and
assistant masters. With reference to the question of the regis-
tration of teachers. Dr. Upcott said he considered that the difii-
culty was capable of settlement without interfering with the
principles of classification which they were now urging upon
the Board. A large proportion of teachers of music, di-awing,
and other technical subjects were actually engaged in work in
primary and secondary schools which came alreadj' under their
proposed classification ; those who were not so engaged could be
included by the simple extension of their scheme so as to include
the technological class now i-ecoguized by the Board as forming
a third department of education. The following resolutions were
adopted after discussion :

That the Association is of opinion that, with regard to the free places
(now required to form 25 per cent, of admissions), when the total number
of free places in a school amounts to 25 per cent, of the whole number
of pupils, it should not be necessary in subsequent admi.«sions to throw
open 25 per cent, of the admissions, provided always that the 25 per cent.
of free places in the school is kept up ; and that, where the percentage
approved by the Board of Education is less than 25 per cent., the same
principles should be applied to the smaller percentage.

That this Associati^ •u instructs the Council to take such further steps
as may seem good to them to bring about a plan of registration in con-
cert with other educational societies willing and qualified to co-operate ;
and is of opinion that no efficient Registration Council can be formed
which is based on particular subjects of teaching rather than on the
general type and grade of the education represented.

That this Association takes steps to secure an adequate scheme for the
superannuation of masters in secondary schools, in conjunction with
the Association of Education Committees and other bodies.

That this Association is of opinion that the time has come when the
representation in Parhament of teachers in secondary schools should be
secured.

That this Association welcomes the report of the Classical Association
on the pronunciation of Greek.

That, in the opinion of this Association, [a] the salaries offered in con-
nexion with head masterships of secondary schools have in several recent
oases been utterly inadequate ; and {l>j that the Coimcil be instructed to
take action in the matter.

That this Association regards with approval attempts made to remove

the inconsistencies of grammatical teriuinology which confront ;
student who has to deal with several languages simultaneously.
Prof. Sontienschein, D.Litt. (University of Birmingham), spoke
on the last subject by special invitation. On the motion of
Mr. W. W. Sawtell (Uxbridge), the following rider was added :

That this Association recommends the Council to take steps to meet
the Classical Association, the Modem Languages Association, and the
Enghsh Association to formulate a scheme of common terminological
usage on definite lines.

The Annual General Meeting of the Incorporated Association
of Assistant Masters in Secondary Schools was held (January 8)
at St. Paul's School, West Kensington, the new chairman, Mr.
W. A. Newsome, B.A. (Stationers' School), presiding. The fol-
lowing resolutions were passed ; —

1. Tenure. That, in the opinion of this Association, no assistant

master shall sign an agreement («) if it provides for the possibility of his
dismissal at any time other thati at the end of a schod tei-m, and after
at least two months' notice has been given him, save in cases of grave
misconduct ; (A) or, if it does not provide that before the dismissal takes
effect, the assistant master concerned shall be given the opportunity of
appearing, with or without the help of a friend, before the governing
body in his own defence.

2. Siiperanniialion Fund. — That, in the best interests of secondary edu-
cation, it is imperative that the Board of Education should take all
necessary steps for the early estabUshment of a Superannuation Fund
for Teachers in recognized secondaiy schools. Such a scheme .should
provide for (a) contributions to the fund from the teacher and the govern-
ing body ; (4) the expenses of management being borne by the State ;
(c) the provision by the State of a disablement allowance ; {d) the pos-
sibility of the teacher migrating from school to school without loss of
pension rights.

3. Federal Council.— That this Association deeply regrets the with-
drawal of the Head Masters' Conference from the Federal Council.

4. Teachers' Registration Council. — That this Association instructs the
Executive to move the Federal Council to take such further steps as may
seem good to them to bring about the formation of a Registration
Council in concert with duly accredited representatives of other bodies
desirous and qualified to co-operate.

5. FronuiiciatioH of Greek. — That this Association approves of the
scheme for the pronunciation of ancient Greek foi-mulated by the Classical
Association ; with a preference for pronunciation of n diphthong and
1) as close and open e respectively, for that of the aspirates ^, 6, x,
as p, t, k, followed by a strong breath, and for u like German modified a.

The Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Association of Assis-
tant Mistresses in Public Secondary Schools was held on Jan-
uary 9. The chair was occupied by Miss E. M. Bancroft (Redland
High School, Bristol), who was declared to have been re-elected
President of the Association. Miss C. L. Laurie (The Ladies'
College, Cheltenham), in presenting the report of the Federal
CouncU, said the constitution of the proposed Registration
Council had occupied much attention during last year, but
nothing had been done in the matter. The Associations of
Assistant Masters and Assistant Mistresses had agreed on the
previous day to ask the Federal Council to convene a conference,
as representative as might be possible of the teaching profession,
to consider the subject, and that request would come before the
Federal Council on an early day. The President, in her address,
remarked on the Bndowe'd Schools (Masters) Act : she had
received an unhesitating assurance from Mr. Runciman that
women teachers were included within the operation of the clause
which provided that a master should receive a proper period of
notice before dismissal and that there should be a possibility
of appeal. The draft scheme for the registration of teachers
was not without significance for them in view of its inclusion
of women among the members of the proposed Registration
Council. Ground for the old reproach against the teaching pro-
fession that it lacked organization was ceasing to exist, and of
late there had been unexampled signs of union among members
of the profession in the pursuit of ideals. The division of work
was becoming accentuated, and teachers tended more and mori-
to become specialists. The question. What was an ideal cur-
riculum? was still with them. In an overcrowded curriculum
some subject must suffer, and usually that subject was one
which had a first claim to consideration — the mother tongue.

Miss Jowitt (Training College, Bristol) initiated a discussion
concerning pensions for teachers. The meeting passed a series
of resolutions declaring that any pension scheme proposed by
the Association should be national, that it should have Govern-
ment security, and that all teachers should be eligible for it ;
that the retiring age should be fifty-five years, but the option of
continuing work after that age should be granted if the govern-

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

55

ing body of a school should so desire ; that the scheme should
be compulsory ; that the teacher's contributions towards the
pension fund should be on a sliding scale, increasing automati-
cally with increases of salary ; that, the scheme being compulsory,
contributions, or a certain proportion of them, should be re-
turnable in the event of a teacher's retirement before reaching
the age at which a pension would become payable, but that no
teacher with less than two years' service should receive any re-
payment ; and that the minimum annual pension should be £50.
Miss Laurie, in a paper on the principles that should underlie
the planning of the science curriculum in girls' secondary schools,
urged that the main reason for teaching science was to make
children familiar with scientific method. She pleaded for an
historical course of science specially suitable for the last year of
school life and for those pupils who had not received any
scientific training. Miss Wood (Leeds High School) read a
paper outlining a school course of science applied to domestic
life in which, she said, she was trying to work out the ideas of
Prof. Smithells, of Leeds University. The great object of this
new kind of science teaching was to make common things and
ordinary phenomena the beginning of scientific instruction, and
to develop scientific methods in connexion with the facts of
everyday life. The household and, above all, the kitchen
abounded in things which could be made objects of scientific
investigation, and she outlined the training in science given in
the " kitchen laboratory " which has been provided in the new
high school buildings at Leeds.

The Annual Meeting of the Association of Public-School
Science Masters was held at Merchant Taylors' School on Jan-
uary 12. Sir Clifford Allbutt, Regius Professor of Physic in
the University of Cambridge, the President, delivered an address
upon "The Function of Science in Teaching." What did they
mean by science 'i They did not contemplate experimental
science only: they inohided the pristine idea of all orderly know-
ledge, of analysis of concepts of whatever origin, for the con-
struction of systems of affirmative propositions. Science — that
was to say, scientific method — penetrated into all the studies of
the modern school, as into all life. No doubt action might be
" sicklied o'er " by too much thought, too much trust in analysis,
and therein was engendered the distrust wiiich the humanist
had always felt of the scientist, for he winced to see the flower
of literature stiilened into a diagram. Yet supreme creative
faculty might be contemporary with analytic power. It was
still said tiiat boys were not of an age for natural science, but
were they at a stage when imagination could best be nurtured
on food more generous than natural science was supposed to be.''
Abstract science, he would admit, was not a rich food for the
imagination, though it imparted to it a scope and virility which
preserved it from rhetoric and sentiment. The healthy common
boy sliould be outward bound, busy in the common range of
wonderful visible things. Did they seek to foster the boy's
seriousness, curiosity, and handiness ? Memory had to be culti-
vated and the duty of drudgery had to be realized. Classics was
becoming more of a living subject, thanks to the new history,
the new geography, and the like ; but he claimed that science
had wrought these changes, and that, without leaving other
studies undone, natural science would do much to ensure success
in the retention of a boy's natural qualities. He had some bias
against abstract science for boys, though he admitted that some
mathematics must enter into the curriculum. In the upper
forms, however, there should be a more extensive differentiation
than at present, according to the bents, and perhaps even accord-
ing to the vocations, of the pupils. At any rate, science was not
a holjby, nor even a modern system of utilitarian ingenuity: it
was a way of observing and interpreting everything, and he pro-
tested that to box off science — or classics either for that matter —
artificially on a " modern " or any other " side " was to perpetuate
an unnatural schism. An education which was not modern was
-an anachronism. He did not desire to see head masters more
specifically scientific than linguistic, but he who would mould a
school should inspire it as a whole and be in full and under-
standing sympathy with ever}' part and function of it. A vote
of thanks was accorded to Sir Clifford Allbutt for his address.
Mr. Latter (Charterhouse), Mr. Berridge (Malvern), Mr. J. R.
Eccles (Gresham's School, Holt), Mr. R. E. Thwaites (Leicester),
theRpv. A_. Cortie (Stony hurst), and Mr. 0. J. Gardiner (Chelten-
ham) generally agreed that both the modern and classical sides of
a school should be merged up to the age of fourteen, several of
them declaring that in their schools a common curriculum did
now obtain. The remainder of the morning session was devoted

to an address from Mr. M. I). Hill (Eton) on the anthropometric
measurements being carried out at Eton, where, he said, about
400 boys had now been measured. He pleaded for the universal
adoption of similar methods in other schools, the chief aims
being to investigate the ethnology of Great Britain ; to obtain
curves of growth for different ages for different parts of the
body ; to detect any physical irregularities ; and to measure the
results of courses of gymnasium and the like.

In the afternoon papers on science curricula in public schools
were read, followed by a brief discussion. Mr. G. F. Daniell
dealt with the report of the British Association upon " The
Sequence of Studies in Science"; Mr. W. D. Eggar (Eton) spoke
of " Geography, considered as a Science Su'oject," declaring that
the class subject " Geography " had expanded until it had lost all
identity. The ideal treatment would be to teach its component
parts, as physiography and elementary geology on the one
hand and commerce and history on the other ; Mr. R. G.
Durrant (Marlborough) considered "To what Extent, and at
what Stage, should Prevalent Views on the Is'^ature of Solu-
tion be taught in Schools ?" and Mr. G. H. Martin (Bradford),
referring to " Science for the Classical Side," said that the only
form of science which seemed to be of real interest to boys who
would drop the subject at the end of about three j'ears was one
which was not only of immediate application, but which also
furnished the basis of a future hobby. Subsequently Mr. C. J.
Gardiner (Cheltenham) commented on the refusal of the General
Medical Council to recognize public schools as institutions where
medical education might be commenced. It was announced that
Prof. H. E. Armstrong (City and Guilds Institute) had been
elected President for the coming year.

The Private Schools Association (Incorporated) held its
Annual General Meeting at the College of Preceptors on Janu-
ary 8. Dr. F. Arthur Sibly, who was elected honorary President
for 1909, said that his work had been inspired and su.stained
by a deep conviction that the fight the Association was waging
for freedom, variety, and elasticity in education was a fight of
supreme national importance. Tlie confidence reposed in him
by the Council during his three years' tenancy of the chairman-
ship had also been a great inspiration to him in the arduous and
anxious work. He was happy to feel assured that the status of
the Association itself was now higher than it had ever been and
that very great success had attended the work in which it had
been engaged. He felt confident of the final victory of the
principles for which they contended. The Hon. Secretary (Mr.
W. L. Thompson, Newcastle) read the annual report. It had
not been thought necessary, he said, to state again their protest
against an all-embracing State system of education. That pro-
test and the grounds on which it was based must be perfectly
well known by all who had taken the slightest interest in the
great problem of educational reform which had during the past
few years increasingly exercised the minds of those who were
solicitous for the national welfare. The members of the Associa-
tion were second to none in patriotism, and entertained as sin-
cerely as any the hope that this England of ours might, through
educational reform or any other reform, be enabled to maintain its
proud position in the forefront of the nations of the world. But,
while they recognized the need for avoiding intellectual waste
through lack of educational advantages for those who were
mentally fitted, but unable through want of means, to profit by
those advantages, they regarded the bringing of all secondary
education under State control as an experiment of an extremely
costly nature, which was as unnecessary as, owing to the very
doubtful character of its results, it was unjustifiable. It was
also reported that financially the Association was in a sounder
condition than it had been for some years past.

At the annual meeting of the Association of Directors and
Secretaries for Education, the President (Mr. W. A. Adams,
Secretary to the Bristol Education Committee) welcomed the
declaration of the Primate in his letter of December -3 to the
Minister of Education that " contracting out schools must be
the exception and not the rule." If this were not so, a set-back
would be given to the cause of national education and an injury
done to much of the constructive and unifying work of the last
five years. One of the chief hindrances to progres.s was the
financial strain on local authorities, as in the medical inspection
of scholars and the feeding of necessitous school-chiklren. There
were still many urgent educational reforms that would doubtless
be undertaken by local authorities if Whitehall would only bear
a fair share of the cost : for example, the reduction of the size

56

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

of classes, and the replacement of supplementary by certificated
teachers. Kelief to the rate-paj'er might be given in several waj's.
The grants for infants and for older scholars should be made uni-
form. Mr. Mclveuna's superior limit of 7-5 per cent, of the total
cost of elementary school maintenance should be accompanied bj-
a condition that the grant should in no case be less than two-
thirds of the total cost, including loan charges, medical inspec-
tion, &c. And the period of repayment for new school buildiugs
should be extended to fifty years.

Among the important subjects discussed were the medical
inspection of children in elementary schools and after treatment.
In some areas where there had been medical inspection it was
found that after-treatment had not presented much difficulty
and had been inexpensive, and that the parents generallj- had
been disposed to pay due attention to the doctor's recommend-
ations, so that the absence of compulsory powers had not pre-
sented ovei-whelming obstacles. One large county had set apart
£350 to be spent between now and July, on after-treatment under
a .scheme to be approved by the Board of Education. Consider-
ation was also given to the Code of Regulations in reference to
" special " subjects taught in elementary schools, such as cookery,
woodwork, gardening. A resolution was passed suggesting that
the Code should be so revised as to give Local Education
Authorities more freedom and greateren couragement to organ-
ize instruction in handicraft and domestic subjects.

The seventh annual meeting of the North of England Confer-
ence was held at Manchester on January 7 to 9, Bishop Welldon
(Dean of Manchester) President. The effective business began
on January 8, when Dr. Welldon delivered his presidential
address, and discussions were held on the incidence of the cost
of education, the supply of teachers, the teaching of languages,
and the training of girls in domestic subjects. On January 9,
the questions treated were the co-ordination of the curricula in
primary and secondary schools, the place of the higher elemeutary
school in the scheme of education, tlie relation of the University
to evening teaching in industrial centres, and methods of teach-
ing mathematics. A varied, important, and interesting pro-
gramme.

The English Association held its annual general meeting on
January 15 and 16. The report stated that the central body
numbered 432 members — an increase of 148 during the year.
The numlier of local branches in England had increased from
three to six, and altogether, with the Scottish Branch, there wei-e
1,2S1 members and associates — an increase of 313. Prof. Saints-
bury was elected President. Prof. W. P. Ker spoke on " Ko-
mance." The eighteenth century, he said, was generally
considered anti-romantic in literature, but it kept up the supply
for its children, while the nineteenth century, which came iu
with a great romantic revolution in literature, cut off the tradi-
tion of romance amongst the simple, imliterary people, took away
the Seven Champions from the schoolboy, and the ballads from
the country-side. In the nineteenth century almost everywhere
the old popular traditions of romance had withered up. The
fairy tales which once were English were known, if known at
all. mostly through Grimm.

On the question of English in elementary schools. Miss Gill
(Head Mistress, L.C.C. Laxton Street School) read a paper sum-
marizing her own experiences in endeavouring to give a taste for
literature to girls from poor homes, who entered school at seven
and a half and left to go to work at fourteen. The aim was not
so much to impart knowledge as to lay a foundation for thought
and to give the girls the power to seek knowledge of a right
kind for themselves. The pupils took home the knowledge they
had gained at school, and there were many instances of parents
being interested and the local libraries being visited for books on
art and literatui-e. Mr. J. W. Samuel, B A. (Bead Master, Mill-
wall Higher Elementary School), observed, in the course of a
paper, that onlj' regular practice in reading aloud under
skilled teachers could act as an antidote to mispronunciation of j
vowels and to the vicious elimination of the final consonant so
prevalent i)i North, South, and East London. The double dialect
was very prevalent — that wns to sa}', while in school the child
would speak decently, but would at once fall into the Cockne3'
idiom when he went into the plaj'ing Held. A conference on " Kx- 1
aminations in English" was opened by .Mr. VV. Jenkyn Thomas
(Head Ma-ter, Hackney Downs Secondary School), who de- |
clared himself frankly anti-examiner. The British parent believed [
in multiplicitj' of examinations, and schoolmasters had to submit '
to his belief, either partly or absolutely. He was tired of hear- '

ing schoolmasters held responsible tor every deficiency in Englisk
education, and even in English life. The style of teaching was-
the result of the way examination questions were set. and in
nearly every case the examiners were as much, if not more, tO'
blame. It was generally agreed that English was neither written,
nor spoken correctly, and a man or woman could obtain the
highest University honours in English without being able to-
speak it correctly.

The Annual General Meeting of the Modern Language Asso-
ciation was held at Oxford on January 12. The Vice-Chancellor
of the University (Dr. T. H. Warren, President of Magdalen)
delivered an address of welcome to a large representative-
audience. Lord Pitzmaurice, the President, then took the chair.
Prof. Fiedler, of Oxford, presented the annual report. The
membership now stood at 730, an increase of forty or fifty on
the year. The Master of Caius introduced the report on the
training of modern language teachers, in which the Committee
expressed the hope that everything was rapidly tending towards
rendering compulsory some kind of training for modern language-
teachers. The Hon. Treasurer (Mr. Allpress) submitted the
financial statement, and moved that the life membership be-
reduced from seven guineas to five, and this was agreed to. On
the motion of Mr. Milner-Barry (Berkhamsted), seconded by
Dr. Breul (Cambridge), a resolution was carried unanimously
welcoming the recent change in the Board of Education regula-
tions for secondary schools, which allowed greater freedom to
schools in the choice of languages to be taught, and hoping that
the Board would take further steps to encourage the study of
German in secondary schools.

Lord Pitzmaurice, in his presidential address, pleaded more
particularly for a knowledge of modern languages in their
bearing on international intercourse and the amenities of societj'.
" The exaggeration of I'acial pride and the intensification of racial
hatred is one of the modern forms which barbarism has assumed
in its war against civilization and progress." So wrote Sir
William Ramsay, uttering his warning from among the ruin.-?
of the cities of St. Paul iu the remote parts of Asia Minor.
Now for this exaggeration, which disgraced movements otherwise
productive of great deeds and arising out of noble aspirations,,
the only remedy was a knowledge of languages so that different
races and nations might understand each other and not perish in
fratricidal contests arising out of a want of mutual comprehen-
sion. Did anybody doubt, for example, that the widespread
knowledge of the French language and literature in this country
was one of the causes of the present good feeling between France
and England, rendering as it did extensive international inter-
course comparatively easy? If they, as an Association, were
urging on the Education Office more extended opportunities for
the teaching of German to be given in those secondary schools
of which the curriculum came under official influences, they
were acting not merely as educational enthusiasts nor as school-
masters, but as promoters of an international work, who wished
to carry the light of peace and goodwill into the obscure regions
of mistrust and doubt. On the motion of the Vice-Chancellor,.
seconded by Mr. H. W. Eve, Dean of the College of Preceptor.'i,
a vote of thanks was passed to Lord Fitzmaurice for his addre.s.s.
In the afternoon Prof. Lanson, of the University of Paris, speak-
ing in French, delivered an address on the subject of " How
Voltaire wrote his Letters on England " ; Prof. Fiedler gave an
address in German on Goethe's " Faust."

Next day Mr. O. Siepmann (Clifton) read a paper on " Some
Aspects of German Education," comparing German and Enulish
schools and deprecating the rigidity of parts of the German
system. The Rev. H. J. Chaytor (Plymouth College) introduced
a lively discussion on " The Teaching of French and German to
Middle and Higher Forms." Personally he thought German
best to begin with, and, where only one language was taught, it
should be German. At the afternoon session Mr. H. A. ]j.
Fisher (New College) read a brilliant paper on " Our Insularity " :
" England indeed was an island, but of all islands the least
insular."

The Annual Report of the Geographical Association records-
a large increase of members during 1908. While 91 members
have been lost by death or resignation. 211 members have been
added to the ro I, making the total membership 79:! — a I'ecord
annual increase. The niembershi|) now includes teachers of
every grade, school inspectors, and others interested in geo-
graphical eiiucation, both at home and abroad. During the first
term of the year a series of six lectures on " Methods of Geo-

Feb 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

57

■iji-aphical Instruction " were delivered in the Botanical Lecture
"L'heatre of University College, London ; and it lias been decided
to hold monthly meetings of the Association chiefly in London
'for the purpose of lectures by geographical experts and for the
reading of papers by practical teachers and others. At the
request of many members a lending library of geographical
hooks has been formed. The Geographical Teacher has been
issued regularly. The series of articles on counties or natural
regions of the British Isles is being continued. The lectures
■given in London in the spring of 1908 have appeared in it. One
■of the most important activities of the Association is the answer-
ing of letters from members about book?, maps, apparatus, &c. —
.a work that has increased considerably.

The Board of Education has issued as a Blue book (Cd. -IWO)
the reports from those Universities and University colleges in
■Great Britain which participated in the Parliamentar}' grant for
University colleges in the year 1906-7. The present volume is
the first of a series in which all the reports in any one volume
relate to the same academical year. It is much to be regretted
■(as Nature justly remarks) that the Board of Education makes no
attempt to collate the particulars provided concerning the seven-
teen institutions participating in the annvial grant, which now
amounts to £100,000. It is at present a long and tedious process
to compare, say, the income, the endowments, number of staff,
.and students of one institution with those of another. The
arrangement of the volume, in fact, compares very unfavourably
with the similar report of the United States Commissioner of
Education published at Washington. The Board of Education
may earn very easily the gratitude of students of the progress
■of higher education in this and other countries by including in
the report of next year a series of tables summarizing and com-
paring the educational condition of things in the Universities
and University colleges here concerned. It would then prove
possible to understand more precisely why certain institutions
are selected to receive a Treasury grant while others are pre-
cluded.

The Visual Instruction Committee, appointed by the Secretary
■of State for the Colonies, has issued for various parts of the
Empire a series of seven lectures on the United Kingdom, illus-
trated by lantern slides. The edition, which was prepared for
the Indian Government, is now made available for use in this
country. The lectures, written by Mr. H. J. Mackinder, have
been published on behalf of the Committee by Messrs. AYaterlow
.& Co., and may be obtained with or without the illustrative slides
from Messrs. Newton & Co., 32 Fleet Street, E.G., from whom
.particulars can be obtained on application. The lectures on the
Colonies and India, for which a special fund was raised by a
committee of ladies presided over by Lady Dudley and under
the patronage of H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, are in active
preparation, and it is hoped that the first series will be issued in
the coming year.

The total attendance at the Teachers' Guild Modern Languages
Holiday Courses in 1908 was 112 ; at Tours, 24; at Honfleur, 56;
at Neuwied, 2(j ; and at Santander 6. This was a somewhat
smaller total than in 1907, owing to a considerable reduction of
entries at Tours and Neuwied, not entirely counterbalanced by
the increased bumhers at Honfleur and Santander. Of the
students, 44 were men and 68 women. This year, for the first
time. Certificates of Proficiency on examination by the Teachers'
Guild were awarded ; hitherto, the certificates have been given
by the local teachers on their own responsibility. The courses
will be repeated in the same four centres in August, 1909. A
new course, which will be of a specially practical and commercial
character, will also be started at Liibeck, under the local guidance
of Dr. Sebald Schwarz, Director of the Realschule.

The Rev. A. G. Butler, Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, died
at Torquay. He was an assistant master at Rugby under
Dr. Temple, and he was the first Head Master of Haileybury
College. He was the Butler of "Butler's Leap" at Rugby, head
of the Rugby eleven in 1848, and winner of the racquet pairs at
Oxford in 18.5-5.

Much regret will be felt for the death of Prof. H. G. Seeley
F.R.S., Professor of Geolog}' at King's College. He was edu-
cated at Cambridge, where he became assistant to Prof. Sedg-
wick and did valuable original work in Palaioutolog}^ He was
a cousin of the late Sir John Seeley. He conducted for many
years Saturday excursions from London to study geological
phenomena locally.

The Rev. D. W. Simon, D.D. Edin., died at Dresden on Jan-
uary 17 in his seventy-ninth year. He was chief agent for
Germany of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1863-69;
Principal of Spring Hill College, Birmingham (now Mansfield
College, Oxford), 1869-84 ; Principal of the Theological Hall of
the Scottish Congregational Churches, Edinburgh, 1884-92; and
Principal of Yorkshire United Independent College, 1893-1907.
He translated several important German theological books,
notably Dorner's " History of the Doctrine of the Person of
Christ," and wrote numerous theological works.

There were 293 candidates for the Cambridge Higher Local
Examination held in December. The class list now pviblished
shows that in Group B (for Latin, French, spoken French,
German, and spoken German) 6 candidates gained First Class,
14 Second Class, and 52 Third Class. In Group C (for Arith-
metic and Mathematics) 1 candidate gained First Class, 6 Second
■Class, and 79 Third Class. In Group D (for Logic, Psychology,
Political Economy, and History of Education) no candidates
gained First Class, 4 get Second Class, and 6 Third Class. In
Group H (for English History, European History, Greek History,
and Roman History) 7 candidates were placed in the First Class,
29 in the Second Class, and 28 in the Third Class.

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.

(From our oivn Correspondent.)
Though the Lent Term, when there is rather a

Oxford. dearth of interests, is often selected by reformers
or firebrands (as they are termed by their opponents),
we do not seem at present to be above the crater of anything
very volcanic : possibly the movement for the reform of Congre-
gation might, in the view of some, be described as that. The
idea of the reformer is that now Oxford has become such a
"residential town " the Masters of Arts who are qualified by
residence as members of Congregation without being Professors
or College teachers may well become a powerfvil outside party
and have a large influence on University questions : so it is pro-
posed to limit Congregation to those who are intimately con-
nected with University or College work. It may be urged on
the other side that, in the first place, those who would be dis-
qualified have, in many cases either as coaches or schoolmasters,
a considerable interest in many subjects which come before Con-
gregation ; that, secondly, the point of view of those who live
detached from caucuses or college jealousies is in itself a
valuable asset ; and, lastly, that those who do not take an interest
— and an active interest — in University questions are not often
to be found in Congregation, and so that a removal of these
from the register would be to do an injustice to the others.
After all, the election to the Boards of Faculties is now limited
to teaching members of the University in the diflerent subjects.

As your correspondent failed to supply you with notes at the
end of last term, it is well here to refer to the appointment of
Mr. D. G. Hogarth to succeed Mr. Evans as Keeper of the Ash-
molean. Mr. Hogarth, after a successful career as a Demy of
Magdalen, settled down first as a Tutorial Fellow in his own
College ; but his interests lay elsewhere, and he was elected,
(I think) the first Craven Fellow under the new system. Since
then, with Mr. Evans or " on his own," he has been engaged in
archfeological investigation in Asia Minor and elsewhere. Some
of his earlier experiences of the less esoteric kind he gave to
the world some years ago in that very readable book, "A
Wandering Scholar in the Levant." His new appointment will
not debar him from journeys "cognoscendae antiquitatis.

Another appointment in a different field is that of Mr. Selbie
to succeed Dr. Fairbairn at Mansfield. Mr. Selbie is not a
stranger to the place, as he was a tutor at Mansfield in the days
of its infancy, but he has not been in Oxford for a good many
years. It is not an easy task to succeed Dr. Fairbairn, who,
after patient years of struggling with a considerable amount of
jealousy and suspicion, gradually won himself a position as a
leader and teacher in this home of conservative tradition.

Our new Greek Professor delivered his inaugural lecture on
January 27, the subject being " The Interpretation of Ancient
Greek Literature." He is also taking part in what may be said
to be " teaching for the schools " by delivering a course of
lectiires on Homer.

Moreover, he is, with Mr. Cyril Bailey, of Balliol, taking a

58

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

leading part in the production or reproduction of the " Frogs "
of Aristophanes bj- the O.U.D.S. The Society, as on the ])revious
occasion (wlien Mr. Bailey, Mr. Godley, and Mr. Hogarth gave
advice), is calling in external and expert assistance not merely to
ensure cori-ectness of details, but also to secure actors who know
Greek. We can all remember one unfortunate Greek play.
With the exception (we hear) of one scene which was excused in
the previous pi-oduction. the play will be much on the same
lines as ou the first occasion (and the music of Sir Hubert Parry
will again be used), though the translation will be not that of
Mr. Godley and Mr. Hogarth, but Prof. Murray's own.

Though the river is full of boats, it is too early to say much
of the prospects either of the Varsity ci-ew or of the Torpids.
It is high time that we won the Boat Race again. Our prospects
for the sports and the Association match are said not to be
particularly bright, but the hockej- team is reported to be well
above the average and to be unusually strong in the half-back
line. It is remarkable, when one looks at the names of the
liockey teams (South, West, East, &c.) selected for the various
trial matches, to see how the pendulum has swung, and whereas
a few years ago University players were not considered first class,
the reverse is now the case.

East
London.

An era in the history of the East London
College was marked by the session which came
to a close with August last. The work of the
College became an integral part of the Universitj' of London.
Two matters remain to be settled : the rearrangement of the Com-
mittees, which should include a jjrovision for the representation
of the staff on the governing body, and a conference with the
other schools of the University on the question of the fees to be
charged to students. Every ho]De is entertained that, before the
conclusion of the session 1908-9, the College will have received
full recognition of its position as the University College for
East London from the Senate of the University, from tlie Local
Education Authority, and from His Majesty's Treasury.

The Annual Report of the Universitj- Textile

Leeds. Department shows that great progress has been

made in the session 1907-8. A feature of the past

session has been the carr3'ing out of inventions in warp-shedding
mechanism. During the session the classes were attended by
137 students. In the technological examinations of the City and
Guilds of London Institute, Leeds students proved very success-
ful. In the four subjects in which the}' competed, they won five
first prizes out of a total of eight awarded, two second prizes, and
one third prize ; and they carrried off all the prizes in the subject
of Coal-tar Products.

A KESOLUTiox of the Scottish Modern Languages
Glasgow. Association was submitted to the Universitj"

Court, suggesting the earliest possible reform of
the Bursai-y Examination, so as to give equal chances to modern
languages candidates with candidates in other subjects, and the
reorganization of the Modern Language Honours School, so as to
allow of honours being taken in French and German separately.
The Principal stated that these matters were under the considera-
tion of Cominittees of the Senate.

Joint

Matriculation

Board.

The Joint Matriculation Board of the four
Universities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds,
and Sheffield has just issued its Report for the
year 1908. The Board conducts the matric-
ulation examination on behalf of the four Universities, and in
the past year, for the first time, the examination has been held
under the supervision of education authorities at eight local
centres, at which 127 candidates presented themselves. The
examination was also taken as a form examination at 28 schools.
The total number of candidates at the Julj- examination was
1,695 against 1,294 in the previous July, while in September the
number was 519 against 438 in the pi-evious year. As many
candidates take the examination a year before they leave school,
those who hold the certificates are now allowed to present them-
selves in a few subjects at the higher standard for supplementary
certificates. On behalf of the Education Committees of Lanca-
shire and Cheshire, the Board has conducted examinations for
the award of Senior Exhibitions and Intermediate Scholarships
offered by these Committees. It has also formulated a scheme,
which has been accepted bj- the four Universities, for the in-
spection and examination of schools.

CLERGY MUTUAL ASSURANCE SOCIETY,

2 & 3 THE SANCTUARY, WESTMINSTER, S.W.

[FOUNDED 1829.

Patrons— THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY; THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

President— THE BISHOP OF LONDON. Vice-President— THE LORD HARRIS.

Chairman— THE DEAN OP CANTERBURY. Deputy-Chairman— SIR PAGET BOWMAN, Bart.

Secretary— W. N. NEALE, Esq. Actuary and Manager— PRANK B. WYATT, Esq., F.I.A.

The Society offers the BENEFITS of MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE without personal liability on

highly favourable terms to

THE CLERGY AND THEIR RELATIl/ES.

ALL PROFITS BELONG TO THE MEMBERS.

Accumulated Fund, £4,351,137. Annual Income, £471,097.

Bonuses Distributed, £4,256,464.

LOW PREMIUMS.
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Notwithstanding the Icnrness of the
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NEW AND SPECIAL Application Is invited for the PRO-
POLICIES. SPEOTUS, and Leaflets explaining two
newr Policies, with valuable Options.

1. ■WHOLE-LIFE CONVERTIBLE ASSURANCES. Very Low

Premium — about one half the usual rate — during first ten
years.

2. PENSION POLICIES. I'remiums returnable with compound interest in

caso of death or surrender before pension age. Option to commut« for

cash.

Assurances without profits, at low rates of premium, may be effected,
and Life Annuities on favourable terms may be purchased, by any
person irrespective of any special qualification by relatiousMp to the
Clergy.

ANNUAL PREMIUMS FOR £1,000, WITH PROFITS.

Age next

£1,000

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1 or earlier Death,

Birthday.

Payable at Death.

£. s. d.

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25

20 1 8

27 3 4

30

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32 10 10

35

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40 1 8

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Note. — Under the Reduced Premium System (explained in Prospectus) four-
fifths only of tliese Premiums need be paid, the other one-lifth remaining a charge-
to be repaid out of Bonus.

No Agents employed and no Commission paid for the intro-
duction of business, w^hereby £10,000 a year is saved to the
Members.

Assurances ca-a be effected by direct cotninunlcatlon
with the Office, 2&S THE SANCTUARY, WESTMINSTER, S.W^

Feb. 1, 1909.] THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES. 59

Professor iBeikkjofen Series^

PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT,

Messrs. MEIKLEJOHN & HOLDEN beg to announce that they have in prepara-
tion a series of PHYSICAL WALL-iVIAPS in Contour. These Maps have been
prepared on entirely new and ingenious lines, and the Publishers feel certain
that this method of presenting the Physical Features of a Country will certainly
supersede any system hitherto devised. The first Map of the series, viz., SOUTH
AMERICA, will be ready early in February, and the Publishers will be glad to
answer any queries in regard to them.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS AND OTHER EXAMINATIONS.

ENOLISH.

A NEW GRAMMAR OP THE ENGLISH TONGUE. With Chapters on Composition, Versification, Paraphrasing, and
Puuctimtion. With Exercises and Exumiiiiitiou Questions. Twenty-ltird Edition. (120tli Thousand.) Crown 8vo, 284 pp 2s. Sd.

THE ART or WRITING ENGLISH. A Manual for Students. With Chupters on Paraphrasing, Essay Writing, Precis Writing,
Punctuation, and other matters. By J. M. D. MEIKLEJOHN, M. A. Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo, 340 pp 2s. 6d.

A NEW SPELLING BOOK ON THE COMPARATIVE METHOD. With Side Lights from History. Fifteenth
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THE SPELLING LIST (10,000 Diflaeult Words). For Civil Service and other Examinations. With a Key to Correct Spelling-
By Prolossor MEIKLEJOHN. Eighth Edition. Crown 8vo, 104 pp Is.

COMPOSITION FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. Based on Outline Essays, with Exercises in Style. By C. H.
Maxwell. B.A. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 133 pp Is.

GENERAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS (with Answers and Index). By A. B. Cowan. Crown 8vo, 20O pp. Is. Bd.

'* This seems a useful idea — it would certainly be a godsend to an examiner setting a ' general paper * for boys." — The Times.

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A SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY. With special reference to Commerce and History. With Maps and Diagrams. By J. M. D. Meiklejohn,
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A Complete Catalogue will be sent post free to any address.

MEIKLEJOHN & HOLDEN, 11 Paternoster Square, London, E.G.

60

TBB EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS' CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATIONS, 1909.

Caesar.— Gallic War, Books III., IV.

A. H. Allcroft,

M.A., r. G. Plaistowe, JI.A., and others. Is. 6d. each. Vocabulary, Is. each.
Translation, Is. each. In One Vohime, 3s. each. [Juniors and Seniors.

*' Ably maintains the standard of the series, text and notes being alike excellent."
— Journal of Education.

Chaucer. — Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. By A. J.

Wtatt, M.A. Is. ISmiors.

" The notes and the glossary are in each case well and carefully written ; and the
introduction tell.-* us all else tnat we need to know. The edition is a good one." —
Journal of Education.

Cicero.— Pro Milone. By P. G. Plaistowe, M.A., and W. F.
Masom, M.A. 3s. 6d. Vocabulary, Is. Translation, 2s. In One Volume,
5s. 6d. [Seniors.

Euripides.- Hecuba. By T. T. Jeffhry, M.A. 3s. 6d. Trans-
lation, Is. 6d. In One Volume, 4s. 6d. [Seniors.
" Scholarly and useful. There is a good introduction, and the notes are careful
ftnd to the point."— Guardmn.

Horace.— Odes, Book IV. By A. H. Allcroft, M.A., and B. J.
Hates, M.A. Is. 6d. Vocabulary, Is. Translation, Is. In One Volume, 3s.

[Seniors.
" All that the student requires will be found within its boirds." — Schoolmaster,

Shakespeare.— Julius Caesar. By Prof. W. J. Rolfe, D.Litt.

2s. 6d. [Juniors and Seniors,

" Gives the student helps and hints on the characters and meanings of the plays,
while the word-notes are also lull and posted up to the latest date." ~ Academy.

Shakebpeare.— The Tempest. By A. R. Weekes, B.A. 2s.

[In the press. Juniors and Seniors.

Vergil.— Aeneid, BookJJI. By A. H. Allcroft, M.A., and

W. F. Masom, M.A. Is. 6d.* Vocabulary, Is. Translation, Is, In One

Volume, 33. [Juniors and Seniors.

" Long experience has enabled the Editors of this edition to produce an almost

ideal text/-book. There is sound scholarship displayed in the very ample notes." —

achool Guardian.

Vergil.— Aeneid, Book XI.

A. H. Allcroft, M.A., and
Translation, Is. [Juniors and Seniors,

yr. F. Masom, M.A. Is. 6d.

• This Volume contains a complete Alphabetical Lexicon.

Arithmetic, The Junior. Adapted from " The Tutorial Arith-
metic." By 11. H. CiiopE, B.A. With or without Answers. 2s. 6d.
■' Excellent."— S(ii(ca«r,Mai Times.

Book-keeping, Junior. By Thomas Chalice Jacksox, B.A.,
LL.B..Lond. Is. 6d.

" The book is an excellent one." — Accountants^ Magazine.
Chemistry, Junior. By R. H. Adie, M.A., B.Sc, Lecturer in

Cnemistry at St. John's College, Cambridge. 2s. 6d.
French Course, Junior. By Ernest Weekley, M.A. Lond. and
Camb. Second Edition. 2s. 6d.
"The execution is distinctly an advance on similar courses." — Journal of
Sducation.

French Header, Junior. With Notes and Vocabulary. By
Eksbst Wekklet, M.A. Second Edition. Is. 6d.
"A very useful first reader, with good vocabulary and sensible notes." — School-
master.

Latin Course, Junior. By B. J. Hayes, M.A. Second Edition.
2s. 6d.

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Latin Reader, Junior. By E. J. G. Forse, M.A. Lond. Is. 6d.

" A well graded and carefully thought-out series of Latin selections. The vocabu-
lary is wortliy of very high praise." — Educational News.

Mechanics, Junior. By F. Rosenberg, M.A., B.Sc. 2s. 6d.

" The general style of thM book is eminently calculated to teach in the clearest
manner possible." —Electrical Review.

Trigonometry, Junior. By Wm. Briggs, LL.D.,
F.R.A.S., and G. H. BETAS, Sc.D., F.B.S. 2s. 6d.

.A., B.Sc,

FkU List of Books for COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS' CERTIFICATE,

imd OXFORD A.Vli CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS, post .free

on application.

Uniyersitp Cutorial Press, £d.,

W. B. OLIVE, 157 Drury Lane, London, W.C.

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of London — expert work only.

J. A J. RATON,

EDUCATIONAL AGENTS,
143 CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.G.

Telephone — 50d3 Central.

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES

61

THE BEST BOOKS FOR

LONDON UNIVERSITY MATRICULATION

Sngltsb.

(ScograpbB.
Science.

yiBatbeniatfcs.

jfflioOern
Ibistorg.

fftencb.

Xatin.

English Course, Matriculation. Con-
taining Grammar, Analysis, Composition, Precis-
Writing, and Paraphrase. By W. H. Low, M.A.
Lend., and John Briggs, M.A. Camb., P.Z.S. 3s. 6(i.

Enf/lish History, Gromidviork of. By

^'l. K. (,'AKTER, First Class Honours in Modern Histor.v,
Oxford. With Coloured Maps. 2s.
Contains the "salient facts" required by the University
Regulations.

GeoffrapJiy, Text-BooJi of.

Frt. M.Sc! P.I.C. 4s. 6(1.

By G. C.

Botany, The New Matriculation. By

A. J. EivART, D.Sc, Ph.D., F.L.S. 3s. 6d.

Chemistry, The New Matriculation.

By G. H. Baiiet, D.Sc. Edited by "William Brigos,
LL.D., M.A., B.Sc, F.C.S. Fourth Edition. 5b. 6d.

Heat, The Netv Matriculation.
Light, The New Matriculation,
Sound, The New Matriculation.

By R. W. Stewart, D.Sc. Three Volumes, each 2s. td.

Hydrostatics, The 3Iatrir,ulation. By

William Briggs, LL.D., M.A.. B.Sc, F.E.A.S., and
G. H. Bryan, Sc.D., P.R.S. Second Edition. 2s.

Magnetismand Electricity, The School.

By R. H. JuPE, M.A., D.Sc. 3s. 6d.

Mechanics, The Matriculation. By Wii.
Briggs, LL.D., M.A., B.Sc, P.R.A.S., .-ind G. H.
Brtan, Sc.D., F.R.S. Second Edition. 3s. 6d.

Arithtnetic, The Tutorial. By W. P.

Workman. M.A.. B.Sc With or without Answers.
Second Edition. 4s. 6d.

Algebra, The Netv 3Iatriculation. With

a Section on Graphs. By Rupert Deakin, M.A.
Lond. and Oxon. Fourth Edition. 3s. 6d.

Euclid.— Boolcs T.-IV. By Bupert Deakin,
M.A. With a Preliminary Course of Drawing and
Problems in Practical Geometry. 2s. 6d.

Geometry, Matriculation. ByW. P. Work-
man, M.A., B.Sc, and A. G. Crackxell; M.A. 3s. 6d.

Modern History, Matriculation. Being
the History of Ensrland, 1485-1901, w tli some reference
to the Contemporary History of Europe and Colonial
Developments. By C. S. Fearexside, M.A. 3s. 6d.

Main Landmarks of European History

By P. N. Dixon, B.A. Second Edition. 23.

French Course, The Matriculation. Bv

Prof. E. Weeklet, M.A. Lond. and Camb. Third
Edition. 3s. 6d.

French Reader, The Matriculation.

Containing Prose, Verse, Notes, and Vocabulary. By
J. A. Peeret, Examiner in French at the University of
London. 2s. 6d.

Latin Authors, Matriculation Selec-
tions from. By A. F. Watt. M.A. Oxon., and B J
Hates, M.A. Lond. Second Edition. 2s. 6d.

Latin Construing Book, Matriculation

ByA. F. Watt, M.A. 0.xon., .and B. J. Hates, M.A.
Lond. and Camb. 2s.

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be forwarded post free.)

CURRENT EVENTS.

Punishments.

At the Members' Meeting of the College of
Preceptox-s on February 17, Prof. J. J. Findlay
will read a paper on " School Eewards and

'Clnivcrsit^ tutorial press, Xt).

157 Drury Lane, London, W.C.

On February 4, Prof. Adams will commence at the College
of Preceptors a course of twelve lectures to teachers on " The
Psychological Bases of Teaching and Education." The
course will be helpful to students who are preparing for
the Diploma Examinations of the College.

* *
*

Mlle. Th. de Mayol de Lugr^ will address the Societe
Rationale -fdes Professeurs de Francais en Angleterre on
" Une Femme du Second Empire " at the College of Pre-
ceptors on February 27, at 4 p.m.

* *

*

Following are some of the Courses of Advanced Lectures
airanged by the University of London for the current term :
(1) Six lectures on " Roman Municipal Institutions," by Dr.
J. S. Reid, M.A., LL.M., Litt.D., Professor of Ancient His-
tory in the University of Cambridge, at University College,
on Thursdays, at 4. .30 p.m. (began January 21) ; (2) three
lectures on '' The Spanish Drama," by Dr. James Fitzmaurice
Kelly, Litt.D., F.B.A., at King's College, on Tuesdays
(February 9, 23, March 9), at 4.30 p.m. ; (3) eight lectures on
" The Principles of Illustration, with special reference to
Class Teaching," by Prof. Adams, at the London Day Train-
ing College, on Saturdays, at 11.30 a.m. (began January 23) ;
(4) Lectures on " Composers of Classical Songs " (continued),
by Prof. Sir Frederick Bridge, M.V.O., D.Mus., M.A., at the
University, on Fridays (February 12, March .5, April 2), at
.5 p.m. ; (5) eight lectures on " Physical Chemistry and its
Bearings on Biology," by Dr. James C. Philip, M.A., Ph.D.,
D.Sc, at the Imperial College of Science and Technology,
on Mondays, at .5 p.m. (began January 25). (1), (2), (5)
admission free, without ticket. (3) open without fee to
teachers ; admission cards from Prof, Adams (give full part-
iculars — name, address, school).
*

The following courses of lectures at the University of
London, University College, have been aiTanged in con-
junction with the Education Committee of the London
County Council: — (1) Ten lectures on " Minnesang und
Hofisches Epos " (in German), by Prof. R. Priebsch, Ph.D.,
on Saturdays, at 10 a.m. (commenced .Lanuary 16) ; (2) ten
lectures on " The lUusti'ation of Fundamental Principles
of Botany by the Study of Simple Types of Vegetable
Organisms," by F. E. Fritsch, D.Sc, Ph.D., on Saturdays,
at 11 a.m. (commenced January 23) ; (3) ten lectures on
" The Structure and Natural History of Common Animals '
(followed by practical work), by W. N. F. Woodland,
D.Sc, on Saturdays, at 10 30 a.m. to 1 p.m. (commenced
January 23) ; (4) twelve lectures on "Tudor Prose — More
to Bacon," by R. W. Chambers, M.A., on Saturdays, at
10.30 a.m. (commenced .January 16) ; and (5) eight lectures
on " Xational Eugenics," by Prof. Karl Pearson, F.R.S.,
David Heron, M.A., and ]\[iss Ethel Elderton, on Tuesdays,

62

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

February 23, March 2, 9, 16, 23, Maj- 4, 11, 18, at 5 p.m.
Tickets to course (5) half-price (10s. 6d.) to members of the
CTniversitj^, to school teachers, and to charitable and

social workers.

* *

The School Nature Study Union will hold its Annual
Conference and Exhibition of Nature Study Work at the
London Day Training College, Southampton Row, W.C., on
February 27, at 3 p.m.

* *
*

At the Child Study vSociety, London (Parkes Museum,

Margaret Street, W.), there will be a reception of American

teachers on Februarj^ 11, at 8 p.m. ; and Mr. W. H. Winch,

M.A., will discourse on " The Age of Entry into School in

its relation to Progress," on February 18, at 8 p.m.

*
At a meeting of the Geographical Association, to be held

at the North London Collegiate School, Sandall Road, N.W.,
im Februarjf 26, at 8 p.m., papers will be read 1 1) on " Pic-
tures as an Aid to the Development of the Geographical
Imagination," bj^ Miss Sophie Nicholls, M.A., and (2) on
" The Correlation of Instruction in Fhj'sics and Geography,"
by W. Maclean Carey. M.A., B.Sc.
* *
Me. J. W. Allen, M.A., will give a course of six lectures
on " English Medieval Architecture," on Fridays, at 4.30
(beginning February 5), at Bedford College for Women.
Free to London University students and to teachers. Applj-
to the Principal.

Thk memorial to the late Prof. George Pixie,
Honours. M.A., LL.D., is to take the form of a stained-
glass window in the ante-chapel of King's
College, Aberdeen University.

# *
*
Prof. Gilbeet Mukeay, M.A., LL.D., formerly Fellow of
New College, Oxford, has been elected an Honorary Fellow
of the College.

» *
*

The Geological Societj' has awarded the Lyell Medal and
Fund to Prof. P. F. Kendall, of the University of Leeds, in
reoognition of his " important contributions to the science "
of geology.

A Gilchrist Studentship, £100 for one

Scholarehips and year, is open to women graduates in

Prizes. honours of the University of London of

not more than three years' standing fiom

their first graduation. Winner must take a course of study

in an approved institution in preparation for some profession.

Apply to the Principal (with three testimonials and three

references) by February 28.

Downing College, Cambridge, oifers Minor Scholarships in
Natural Science and Mathematics. Examination begins
March 2.

Serampoee College, Calcutta, wants
Endowments and £250,000, to erect suitable buildings, to
Beneiactiona. , , !• , o i ■ r ±

establish seventeen professorships, and to

create two hundred exhibitions. In 1827 Frederic VI. of
Denmai-k gave the College a University charter, with the
power of conferi-ing theological degrees, but this has hitherto
been in abeyance from lack of funds.

m *
#
Sir Julius Wernher has promised a donation of £200 for
ten j^ears to raise the stipend of the Taylorian Professor of
German from £500 to £700 a yeai-.

The German Emperor has presented his portrait to the
University of Oxford. It is painted by Alfred Schwarz, and
represents the Emperor in the red robes and holding the
velvet cap of the Oxford D.C.L.

* *

The late Mrs. C. E. Warr has left £5,000 to the Univer-
sity of Cambridge for a Fellowship or Scholarship for Clas-
sical Research, to commemorate her late husband, Prof. G. C.
Warr.

* *
«

The late Lady Louisa Goldsmid, widow of Sir F. H.
Goldsmid, Bart., has left (under contingencies) £25,000 to
Girton College ; £15,000 between University College and
University College Hospital ; £3,000 to the Jews' Infant
School, Commercial Street ; and £3,000 to the London
School of Medicine for Women.

* #
*

Mr. Alexander Elder, of Southport, formerly of Elder,

Dempster, & Co., has given £12,500 for the foundation of a

Chair of Naval Architecture in Liverpool University'.

* *
*

The Churton Collins Memorial Fund is to be devoted to
prizes for literature at the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge,
London, and Birmingham — at the three first-named Uni-
versities in connexion with their extension work ; at Bir-
mingham, as Birmingham shall decide.

* *
»

The Goldsmiths' Company have added to the Economic
Library of the University of London a large number of
manuscripts, maps, and plans relating to inland navigation
and the early days of railway entei'piise in this country —
mostly from the collections of John Urpetli Rasti-ick, an emi-
nent contractoi", and of his son, Henry Rastrick, who were
prominent among the earliest pioneers of railway traffic.

« *

*

The Rev. Dr. Fairbairn, on retiring from the Principalship

of Mansfield College at Easter, will hand over, as a gift to the

College, the whole of his theological and philosopliical

library.

* *
*

The late Mr. Thomas McKie, LL.D., Advocate, Edinburgh,
has left (subject to his widow's life interest) a very con-
siderable sum to the University of Edinburgh to develop
and encourage in the University (1) scientific, medical, and
surgical research ; (2) the teaching and study of the English
language and literature ; and (3) the teaching and study of
modern languages, especially French, German, and Italian.

* *
*

The Glasgow City Educational Endowments Board have

given £500 to the Technical College towards the establish-
ment of a Nautical School or College.

* *
#

Glasgow University has been presented by a private donor

with the valuable library of Celtic literature belonging to

the late Dr. Macbain, of Inverness.

* #
*

The sons of the late Dr. Geoi'ge Macdonald, the novelist,

have presented to the University of St. Andrews a collection

of Gaelic MSS. of the late M'Intosh Mackay, LL.D.

* *
*

At Bangor University College, the Eyton AVilliams bequest

of £10,000 is to be disposed of in one scholarship of £30,

two of £20, two of £15, and two of £10, each tenable for

three years.

* *
*

Prof. Gustav S. Oim'ekt, Professor of Indian Tongues in
Berlin University, formeily Under Librarian of Windsor
Castle Library and Professor of Sanskrit in Madras Uni-
versity, has left the residue of his property to the Institution

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

63

for the Teacliing- of Judaic Science, Berlin, to be known as
the " Professor Clustave Oppert Endowment," for a Chair
for the Teaching of Languag-es and for Oriental Research,
and, after adequate provision for one chair (including a
pension fund to the holder and, if necessarj', provision for
his widow and children), the balance of the income is to be
accumulated until tjiere is sufficient to endow two such
chairs, which will be maintained in perpetuity.

Mr. G. M. Laughlik has bequeathed £20,000 to Washing
ton and Jefferson Collea:e.

Me. Geoege H. Locke, for the past two
Appointments years Dean of the School for Teachers and
and Vacancies. Professor of the Histoiy and Principles
of Education in Macdonald College, McGill
University, has accepted the invitation of the City of Toronto
to be the Chief Librarian of the Muucipal Libraries of the
city. Mr. Locke was formerly Dean of the School of Educa-
tion of the University of Chicago and for seven years editor
of the School Eevieic.

* #
#

The Rev. W. B. Selijie, M. A. Oxon., of Emmanuel Church,

Cambridge, has been offered the Principalship of Mansfield

College, Oxford, in succession to Dr. Fairbairn.

*
Prop. Abbott Lawrence Lowell, Professor of the Science
of Government in Harvard University, has been elected Pre-
sident of the institution, in succession to President Eliot.

* *
#

Dr. Benjamin Ide Wheeler, President of the University

of California, has been selected as this year's American

'■ exchange " professor at Berlin. He will lecture on Greek

and Philology.

* *

The Rev. Gerald S. Davies, a house master at Charter-
house School, 1874-1905, has been appointed Master of
Charterhouse, in succession to the late Rev. Dr. Jelf .

* *
*

Mr. W. Morgan has been appointed Professor of Motor-Car

Engineering at the Merchant Venturers' Technical College,

Bristol.

The Rev. R. M. Gwynn, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of T.C.D.,
has been appointed Warden of St. Columba's College, Dublin.

* *
*

Mr. J. TANyUEEEY, Assistant Lecturer in French, Man-
chester University, has been appointed Lecturer in French in
University College, Dundee (University of St. Andrews).

Captain H. G. Lyons, R.E. (retired), Director-General of
the Survey Department of Egj'pt, has been appointed Lec-
turer in Geogr'aphy in Glasgow University.

*
The Rev, A. C. Knight, B.A. Oxon., assistant master and
assistant Chaplain, Royal Masonic School, Bushey, has been
appointed Head Master of Derbj' School.

* *
*

Mr. a. Plugge, B.Sc. Leeds, has been appointed Head

Master of Dilworth School, New Zealand.

Miss M. Davie, B.A. Lond., Head Mistress, Truro County
School for Girls, has been appointed Head Mistress of the
Ripon Secondary vSchool for Girls.

Mr. T. O. Coui'E, B.A. Cantab., has been appointed Tutor
in St. Paul's Missionary College, Burgh.

Captain J. E. Mignon, late of the Leicestershire Regi-
ment, has been appointed Superintendent of Physical Train-
ing for the Surrey Education Committee.
« *

Mr. R. F. Cholmeley, M.A. Oxon., assistant master, St.
Paul's School, has been appointed Head Master of Owen's
School, E.G.

Mr. Fisher Unwin is publishing a cheaper
Items ■*' edition of Mr. Thomas Marshall's " Aristotle's
Theory of Conduct " — a very helpful intro-
duction to the " Ethics."

* *
*

The Selborne Society has revived the old title of its

magazine, -which will henceforth be called The Selborne

Magazine {and Nature Notes) and will be published by

Messrs. George Philip & Son, Fleet Street, B.C.

» *
*

The " Treatise on Zoology," edited by Sir E. Ray Lan-

kester and published by Messrs. A. & C. Black, is now

nearing completion. Five volumes have already been issued

and two more wall appear immediately.

* *
*

Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. announce an important serial in

sixteen parts (Is. net each) on " Trees and Shrubs of the

British Isles, Native arid Acclimatized," by C. S. Cooper,

F.R.H.S., and Mr. Percival Westell, F.L.S.

The Royal Female School of Ai-t, Queen
General. Square, has been absorbed by the London
County Council and transferred to the new
Central School of Arts and Crafts.

A Provessokship of Astrophysics (without salary — pes-
simo exemplo) is to be established at Cambridge ; a Pro-
fessorshijj of Gas Engineering is to be established at Leeds
in niemoi-y of Sir George Livesej' ; the Merchant Venturers
have appointed a Professor of Motor-Car Engineering in
anticipation of the creation of a Bristol University ; and the
University of Gottingen has started a Chair of Aeronautics,
which has been entrusted to Prof. Prandtl, the Professor of
Applied Mechanics in the University.

* *
*

The Council of the Dublin Chambei' of Commerce has
unanimously passed a resolution requesting the Royal Com-
mission on University Education in Ireland to inquire into
the operation of Chairs of Commerce in Great Britain,
" with a view, if advisable, to the foundation and endowment
of a Chair of Commerce in the Dublin College of the new

University. '

* *
*

The University of Cambridge will celebrate the centenary

of the birth of Charles Darwin and the jubilee of the first

publication of " The Origin of Species " towards the end of

June. Already some two hundred delegates have been

appointed to represent institutions of learning in all parts of

the world.

* *
*

At a meeting of the General Council of the Daly College,

Indore, the Begum of Bhopal outlined a scheme for the

foundation of a special University to which the Chief's

Colleges in the various provinces would be affiliated, and

which might be expected to raise generally the educational

standard of these institutions.

64

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.
HALF-YEARLY GENERAL MEETING.

The ordinary Half-j-early General fleeting of the members of
the Corporation was held at the College on Saturday, January 23.

The Secrktaky having read the advertisement convening the
meeting, Professor Adams was appointed Chairman.

The Report of the Council was laid before the meeting and
was taken as read, a copy having previously been sent to every
member. It was as follows : —

Report of the Council.

The Council beg to lay before the members of the College the
following Rcj)ort of their proceedings during the past half-year : —

1. The Thirty-sixth Annual Series of Lectures for Teachers, which
commenced on the 13th of February and ended on the 17th of December,
comprised a Course of Twelve Lectures on ' ' The Application of Psy-
chology to the Work of the School," and a Courae of Twelve Lectures
on "The Practical Teacher's Problems." Both Courses of Lectures
were deUvered by Prof. J. Adams, M.A., B.Sc, F.C.P.

2. At the Summer Examination of Teachers for the College Diplomas,
which was held in the first week in September, the number of candidates
who presented themselves was 343. I'or the Christmas Examination 568
candidates have entered. During the past half-year the Diploma of
Licentiate has been conferred on 20 candidates, and that of Associate on
76, who have satisfied the prescribed conditions.

3. For the Christmas Certificate and Lower Forms Examinations,
which were held in the second week in December, the nvunber of entries
was about 6,700. The Professional Preliminary Examination for
Certificates recognized by a number of professional bodies was held in
the first week in September, and was attended by 204 candidates.

4. The Council have conducted during the past half-year the Exam-
ination of 4 schooLs by Visiting Examiners.

5. At the Members' Meetings held during the past half-year the
following Lectures have been given: — "The Teacher's Imperfections,
and how to deal with them," by Prof. J. Adams ; "The Experimental
Study of Instruction," by Prof. J. "W". Adamson. Reports of these
Lectures have been pubUshed, as usual, in The Educational Times.

6. During the past twelve months about 1,500 volumes have been
issued to members. Considerable additions have been made to the
Library by purchase and gift.

7. During the past half-year thirteen new members have been elected,
including five honorary members ; one name has been removed from the
list, andnotice has been received of the withdrawal of two. The Council
regret to have to report the death of the following members : — Mr. W.
J. Blanchard, L.C.P. ; Mr. E. Oough ; Mr. K. A. Federer, L.C.P. :
Rev. L. Graham, L.C.P.; Mr. G. Heppel; Rev. J. Stewart, F.C.P. :
Mr. T. Wild.

8. During the past half-year accumulated interest on the Teachers'
Training Fund and the Benevolent Fund has been invested in the
purchase of Stock: viz., £88 Great Eastern Railway Four per Cent,

The Dean's Refort.

In addition to the general statement of the examination work of the
College during the past half-year, which has been embodied in the
Report of the Council, I have now to submit to you, in detail, the
statistics and results of the various examinations.

The Christmas Examination of candidates for Certificates took place
on the 8th to the 12th of December at 182 Local Centres and Schools.
In the United Kingdom the Examination was held at the following
places: — Aldershot, Aylesbury, Balham, Bamford, Bangor, Bath,
Belper, Bewdley, Bideford, Biggleswade, Birminsrham, Blackpool,
Bognor, Bournemouth, Braunton, Brentwood, Bridlington, Brighton,
Bristol, Cardiff, CarUsle, Carmarthen, Cheadle Huhne, Chelten-
ham, Chepstow, Chertsey, Chiswick, Claphani, Clevedon, Congleton.
Cork, Cowes, Crewe, Croydon, Devizes, Doncaster, Dublin, Durham,
EaUng, Eastbourne, Edinburgh, Exeter, Fakenham, Fareham, Fam-
worth, Folkestone, Fraserburgh, Frome, Grantham, Gravesend, Harlow,
Harrogate, Hastings, Hayle, Hereford, Heme Bay, Holsworthy,
Huddersfield, Hulme, Hutton (Preston), Inverurie, Jersey, Kilfinane,
Kington, Leeds, Liskeard, Liverpool, Llandudno, London, Longton,
Lytham, Maidstone, Manchester, MarL'ate, Market Drayton, Middles-
brough, Morecambe, Newcastle Emlyn, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Newport
(Mon.), Newquay, Newton Abbot. Northampton, Norwich, Nottingham,
Ongar.'Penketh, Peterborough. Plymouth, Portsea, Portsmouth, Read-
ing" Redditch, Richmond-on-Thames, Ripley (-iuiTey), Sahain, St.
Leonards-on-Sea, Sale, Sandwich, Scarborough, Selby, Sheffield, Shirley,
Shoreham, Southampton, Southend, South Molton, Southport, Spalding,
Stamford (Lines), Stoke-on-Trent, Stokesley, Stouyhiu-st, Stratford-on-
Avon Sunderland, Swindon, Taunton, Thrapston, Walton (Liverpool),
Waniinster, WelUngton (Salop), West Norwood, Weston-super-Mare,
Wejinouth, Wliitchurch (Salop), AVisbech, Woodford, Workington,
Worthing, .and York. The Examination was also held at Gibraltar :
Batticaloa and Colombo Ceylon) ; Stewart Town (.Jamaica) ; George-
town and New Amsterdam (British Guiana) ; St. George's (Grenada) ;
St. Lucia and St . Vincent (B.W.I.) ; Port of Spain (Trinidad) ; Biaaw.ayo,
Cala, Grahamsto-wn, Irene, Johannesburg, Klerksdorp, Ladysroith,
Lydenburg, Oaktord, Port Elizabeth, Potchefstroom, Pretoria, Uiten-
hage, and^ ITrazinto (South Africa) ; Cape Coast ; Lagos : Allahabad
(India) ; and Lomas de Zamora (Argentine Republic).

The total number of candidates examined 'not including 510 exammed
at Colonial and Foreign Centres) was 4,328, of whom 3,123 were boys
and 1,205 girls. . . ^ ., .-.

Taking the Christmas and Midsummer Exammations together, tue
total number of candidates examined for Certificates during the year
(not including those who attended the Supplementiiry Examinations in
March and September) was 9,050.

The following table shows the proportion of the candidates at the
recent Examination who passed in the class for which they were

entered : — ^ -, t^ ^

Entered. Passed. Percentage.

Fh-st Class (or Senior) 429 ... 203 ... 47

Second Class (or Junior) 1,743 ... 988 ... ■)7

Thu-d Class 1,807 ... 1,194 ... 6«

The above table does not take account of those candidates who obtained

Debenture Stock on account of the Teachers' Training Fund, and £100 Qgrtifioates of a lower class than that for which they were entered.

Consols on account of the Benevolent Fund.

9. The Council have had their attention drawn to the use of the ex-
pression " conducted for private profit," in publications issued by the
Board of Education, to describe private schools. They have made a
representation to the Board on the subject, and have pointed out that it
is not the custom in the case of the members of other leanied professions
to distinguish in this way between those who are employed in the pubUc
service and those who are not so employed.

10. The proposals for the constitution of a Registration Council,
which were referred to in the last Report, have been submitted to the
Board of Education, who have suggested modification in certain respects,
but Dr. Gow's Committee have urged that such modifications should bo
initiated by the Board itself. The Council greatly regret the delay that

nor of those (349 in number) who entered only for certain subjects
requu-ed for professional preUminary purposes.

The number of candidates entered for the Lower Forms Exammation
(not including 240 ex.arained at Colonial and Foreign Centres) was
1,479— 810 boys and 669 girls. Of these 1,287 passed, or 87 per cent.

'At the Supplementary Examination for First and Second Class
CertiBcates, which was held on the 8th to 10th of September in London
and at the following Provincial Centres— viz., Birmingham, Bristol,
Leeds, Liverpool, and' Manchester— 198 candidates presented themselves.
The number of candidiites examined at these Supplementary Examin-
ations during the vear was 490.

The Summer Examination of Teachers for the CoUege Diplomas took
place on the Sl.st of August and five following days in London and at

has occurred in the estabhshment of a new Registration Council. [j^g foUowino- Local Centres : — Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liveri^ool,

past half- Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Plymouth ; and at Bombay and Vepery

1 1 . The Federal Council have held two meetings during the
year, and have been mainly occupied with the Registration question.
They have also considered questions relating to the assessment of income-
tax in respect of school premises, and other matters.

In reference to paragraph 10. the Eev. (^anon Bell stated that
there was to be a meeting of Dr. Gow's Committee in Feb-
ruary, which would include a large number of representatives
of educational bodies, to press forward the subject of Registra-
tion. Members would probably be aware of the negotiations of
Dr. Gow's Committee with the Board of Education and Sir
Robert Morant. In that the Federal Council had its part, and
members of it were represented on Dr. Gow's Committee.

The Report of the Council, with the accompanying Statement
•f Accounts, was adopted.

The Dean then presented his Report, which had been printed
and circulated among the members attending the meeting. It
was as follows

(India); Trmidad ; and Beterverwagting (British Guiana). It was
attended by 323 candidates— 195 men and 128 women. On the re.sults
of this Examination, 19 candidates obtained the Diploma of Licentiate
and 79 that of Associate. „ , ^ „ ta- , 1.1

The Christmas Examination of Teachei-s for the College Diplomas took
place on the 28th of December and five following days in London and
at the following Local Centres : — Banchory, Belfast, Birmingham,
Bolton, Bristol, Dublm, Kyle, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle-
on-Tyne Plvmouth ; and at Mannheim (Germanyi ; Calgary (Canada) ;
Jubb'ulpore," Ootacamund, and Pondicherry (India) ; Prome (Burma) :
Capetown ■ Umzinto (Natal 1 ; Georgetown and New Amsterdam (British
Gmana): and Anking (China). It was attended by 529 candidates -
357 men and 172 women. , ,,. -n,.

Practical Examinations to test Ability to Teach were held in February,
May, and October. At these Exammations 10 candidates presented
themselves, and 9 obtained Certificates.

The number of schools examined and inspected dunng the year under

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

65

the Visiting- Eximiination and Inspection Schemes (A), (B), and {Cj
was 7.

The Council have conducted, on behalf of the Newfoundland Council
of Higher Education, the Associateship, Intermediate, Preliminary, and
Primary Examinations of the Newfoundland Council. The examinations
were held at 100 Centres in Newfoundland on the 2'liid. to 29th of June,
and the niinibers of candidates who were examined in the several grades
were as follows: — Associateship, 62; Intennediate, 375; Preliminary,
S71 ; Primary, 989.

The Council have conducted, on behalf of the Grenada Board of Edu-
cation, an examination of teachers for Second Class and Third Class
Certificates in School Management.

Mr. Waldegkave commented on the unusual difficulty of the
Second Class Arithmetic paper, to which he had already drawn
attention in a letter to the Secretary. He was strongly of
opinion that the standard of the paper should not have been
raised without notice to the schools.

The Dean said he was not aware that there had been any
alteration in the standard of the paper, and the percentage of
failures on that paper was not higher than usual.

The report was adopted.

The meeting then proceeded to the election of twelve members
of the Council to fill the places of the twelve retiring by rota-
tion, and tliree auditors.

Dr. Maples desired to record his protest against the form in
which the voting paper had been prepared, as he contended that no
mark should appear on the paper to distinguish between those
raiididates who were retiring from the Council by rotation and
other candidates.

Mr. Walters asked whether any, and if so which, of the can-
didates nominated for the Council were non-subscribing members
of the College, and the Chairman, after having ascertained the
wish of the meeting on the subject, gave the required informa-
tion.

Mr. King called attention to the fact that the names of two
of the members nominated as auditors also appeared on the list
of nominations for the Council. He thought the names should
not appear on both lists at the same time.

Mr. Wilson said that it was quite irregular that the same can-
didates should be proposed both for election on the Council and
»s auditors. The duties of an auditor were such that they could
not be properly discharged by a member of the Council. The
auditors were, in fact, the servants of the general body of the
members, and not of the Council qua Council, and were appointed
for the precise purpose of protecting the membei'S of the Corpo-
ration from errors, innocent or otherwise, in the statement of
accounts annually presented by the Council to a General Meeting
of the members. It seemed to him, therefore, that the right
•ourse to pursue, in respect of voting papers that contained the
names of candidates for both offices, would be to reject them as
bad on the ground of uncertainty.

The Cuaikman directed that the election for members of the
Council should be taken first, and that, after the result had been
declared, the election of the auditors should be proceeded with.

The Secretauy read a letter from Mr. Mookb, withdrawing
his nomination, which had been made without his consent.

The Chairman having appointed Mr. Chandler and Mr.
Wallis to act as scrutators, the voting papers were distributed
and the election was proceeded with. On the scrutators pre-
senting their report, the following were declared to be elected : —

Membees op CoxjNon,.
A. W. Bain, B.A., B.Sc, F.I.C., Pairhght, MusweU Rise, Muswell

Hill, N.
J. L. Butler, B.A., The D- uglas School. Cheltenham.
E. M. Eagles, M A., EnBeld Grammar School, Enfield.
J. Easterbrook, M.A., Owen's School, E.G.
H. W. Eve, M.A,. E.C.P., 37 Gordon Square, W.C.
Eev. E. Lee. M.A., Southcote, Elm Grove Road, EaUng

Common, W.
Sir Philip Magnus, B.A., F.C.P., B.Sc, M.P., 16 Gloucester

Terrace, W.
E. F. Marx, M..A., 11 WoodgrangeA venue, Ealing Common, W.
C. Pendlebury, M.A , 40 Glazbury Road, West Kensington, W.
W. G. Rushbrooke, M.A., LL.M , St. Olave's Grammar School,

Southwark, S.E.
A. P. Starbuck, B.A., St. John's College, Green Lanes, N.
W. Vincent, Loughton School, Loughton, Essex.

AUDITOKS.

John Bell, M.A., LL.D., 34 Re.lboume Avenue, Finchley, N.

H. Chettle, M A., Stationers' School, Horn-.ey, N.

A. E. C. Dickinson, M.A., LL.D., L.C.P., Grove House, Highgate.

The Dean moved the following resolution :

" That the Council be requested to urge the Board of Edu-
cation to proceed as soon as possible to the formation of a
Registration Council representative of the teaching pro-
fession."

From time immemorial the College had been connected with the
proposal for the formation of a Registration Council, and had
promoted more than one Bill in Parliament for this purpose.
The question was at present at a deadlock, and, unless at the
meeting which was to be held in February, some further
steps could be made, it was likely to remain at a deadlock. He
thought the Council should do all they could to press the
matter on the attention of the Board of Education.

Mr. Barrow Rule, in seconding the resolution, said the regis-
tration question had been before the College for fifty years, before
any of the present Associations of teachers had come into exis-
tence. The College, having initiated the proposal, had worked
continually at it, had introduced Bills into Parliament, and done
all that they could for the furtherance of this object, and they
should not allow other efforts to supersedeor annul their own. They
welcomed the co-operation of all Associations and bodies who
might be willing to help them in this matter ; but the question was
peculiarly their own, and, concerning as it did the interests of
private-school masters, it behoved them to do all they could to
promote it.

Mr. Addis proposed that the resolution should read as fol-
lows ; — " That the Council be requested to urge the Board of
Education to advance the formation of a Registration Council
representative of the teaching profession."

A member pointed out that the Board of Education had not
had the necessary power given to it by Parliament to deal with
the question. This had been very clearly stated by the Secre-
tary of the Board of Education, and, therefore, while it was quite
competent for the College to pass any resolution in favour of
registration, it was desirable to put it in such a form that it
should not be open to the legal olijection he had mentioned. The
Board of Education Act did assign to the Board of Education,
acting under the Orders of the King in Council, the duty of
forming a Registration Council ; but the Education Act of 1907
did away with that obligation, and in the clause relating to
Registration no mention was made of the Board of Education.

Mr. RusHBROOKE suggested as an amendment: "That the
Council be requested to urge the Board of Education to
use what powers are at their disposal for the formation of a
Registration Council representative of the teaching profes-
sion."

The Dean having expressed his willingness to accept an amend-
ment in the sense suggested, the resolution was adopted in the
following amended form: —

"That the Council be requested to urge the Board of Edu-
cation to use all the influence at its disposal to promote the-
formation of a Registration Council representative of the
teaching profession."

Dr. Maples then moved the following resolution :

" That the Council be requested to consider, and report to
the next Half-yearly Meeting, whether, by means of an
alteration in the Charter of the College or otherwise, the
work and usefulness of the College may be increased."

During the sixty years of its existence the College had, under
able leadership, been enabled to do a great work for the advance-
ment of secondary education. The conditions had, however,
been entirely altered by the Act of 190-2, and the work of the
College ill all its branches now appeared to be steadily diminishing,
while its sphere of action was being more and moie contracted.
After havuig given, in support of this view, a number of par-
ticulars which had been collected from the official reports of the
College, Dr. Maples went on to suggest that the College should
adopt one of two courses. The first was to devote itself to the
interests of private enterprise in education, and to appeal for
support only to masters and mistresses of private schools. The
other course was to endeavour to make the College really repre-
sentative of all sections of secondary teachers ; and be believed
that such a course would result in a great extension of the work
and influence of the College. For this purpose it would probably
be necessary that the Charter should be altered so as to provide
for the representation on the College Council of the various
Associations ainmig which secondary teachers were now distri-
buted. An orszaiuzHtion reconstituted in this way should be a

66

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1. 1909.

powerful influence for the preservation of individualism in edu
cation. He would point to the National Union of Teachers as a
striking example of the power which might be attained by a
concentration of forces.

Mr. Orch.^rd, without associating himself with all that Dr.
Maples had said, tliought a case for inquiry had been made out,
and he therefore seconded the resolution.

The Dean said he fully recognized the force of the arguments
that Dr. Maples liad advanced. The most important thing for
the College was to secure a large increase in the number of its
members ; but he confessed that he doubted the practicability of
making tlie College the centre of all the Associations connected with
secondary education. A short time back, proposals for amend-
ment of the Charter had been brought before the members of the
College. The Council took the best legal opinion they could get,
and thej" were advised that the scheme was impracticable. He
was constrained, therefore, to demur to the reference in the
resolution to alteration of the Charter, and he hoped that Dr.
Maples would not press his motion to a division.

Mr. Wilson, while expressing his reluctance to place himself
in opposition to any well considered scheme for advancing the
interests of the College, was by no means sure that an attempt
to reconstitute the College on the lines suggested by Dr. Maples,
involving as it would the surrender of the Charter, would be
likely to improve the position of the College. As Dr. Maples
had pointed out, the College had achieved conspicuous success
in the past, in spite of i-estraints which were imposed by pro
visions of the Charter. If it were desired to effect a great union
of secondary teachers, the simplest solution of the problem would
be for them all to join the College, and he knew of no reason
why they should not do so. It appeared to him that Dr. Maples
had inverted the right order of procedure, and that he ought
to have brought his proposal before the Council in the first
iustance and had it there threshed out. He did not think that
«ven the members of the Council had any adequate apprecia-
tion of the difficulties involved in surrendering or amending the
•Charter.

Mr. B.iRROW KuLE said he regretted that the mover of the
resolution should have tied the Council down to a period of six
months, which he deemed to be inadequate for such a review,
and, secondly, that he should not have laid his proposals before
the Council and waited to have them discussed by his colleagues
before bringing the matter before the General Meeting.

Mr. WALDEGR.4.VE expressed his surprise that there should
be any opposition to this resolution. As the mover had
pointed out, the position of the College was gradually de-
teriorating, and it would not be wise to wait till things got
worse before devising means of revival. It had been suggested
that they were discussing a scheme ; but they were merely re-
questing the Council to consider the situation.

Mr. MiLLAE Inglis said that what Dr. Maples had tried to do
was to intere.st the members in the affairs of the College. It
was still possible for the Council to do a good deal to develop
the resources of the College, though the time for some reforms
had gone by.

Mr. Addis proposed, as an amendment, that the reference to
the Charter be omitted from the resolution, and that the Council
be requested simply to consider and report to the next General
Meeting whether, by any methods, the work and usefulness of the
College might be increased. For instance, it might be useful to
organize a series of meetings for the discussion of questions of
practical interest to teachers, including legislative measures
•dealing with secondary education. He would throw such
meetings open to non-members as well as members.

Dr. Maples said that the reason why he had bi'ought this reso-
lution before the General Meeting, and not before the Council in
the first instance, was that, in his opinion, it would not have been
right for the Council to consider a question of this nature
without having previously consulted the members of the College.

The amendment, on being put to the vote, was carried by a
considerable majority, and the resolution, as amended, was
adopted as follows : —

" That the Council be requested to consider, and report to
the next Half-yearly Meeting, whether, by any methods, the
work and usefulness of the College may be increased."

A vote of thanks to the Chairman concluded the proceedings.

In the evening fifty-four members and friends of the College
diued together at the Hotel Cecil, under the presidency of the

Kev. Canon Bell. The company included Prof. Adams, Prof.
Adamson, Mr. Addis, Mr. Andrade, Dr. and Mrs. Armitage-
Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Bain, Mr. Barlet, Mr. and Mrs. Bateman,
Rev. J. B. Blomfield, Colonel H. P. Bowles, Mr. Campbell Brown,
Rev. J. S. Bruce, Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Butler, Mr. Charles, Rev.
A. J. Church, Mr. Chalmers, Miss Clarke, Mr. Curran, Dr. and
Mrs. Dickinson, Mr. and Mrs. Eagles, Mr. and Miss Eve, Mile.
Fleurmann, Mr. Felkin, Mr. Hawe, Mr. and Miss Hodgson, Mr.
Hopkins, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Kelland, Mile, de Mayol de Lugrc,
Dr. and Mrs. Maples, Mr. Mardling, Mr. Marx, Mr. and Mrs.
Mathieson, Dr. and Mrs. Moody, Mr. and Mrs. Nicol, Mr. Rush-
brooke, Mr. Ruf, Miss Smith, Mr. Southee, Mr. Starbuck, and
Miss Steele. Colonel Bowles proposed the toast of " The College
of Preceptors," which was responded to by the Chairman, and
Mr. Eve proposed " The Visitors," which was i-esponded to by
Mr. Felkin. An attractive programme of vocal and instrumental
music and recitations was much appreciated by the guests.

ADJOURNED MEETING OP THE COUNCIL.

An adjourned meeting of the Council was held on January 23.
Present : Prof. Adams, Vice-President, in the chair ; Prof.
Adamson, Dr. Armitage Smith, Mr. Bain, Mr. Barlet, Mr.
Bau^mann, Rev. Canon Bell, Rev. J. B. Blomfield, Mr. Brown,
Mr. E. A. Butler, Mr. J. L. Butler, Mr. Charles, Miss Crook-
sliank, Mr. Eve, Mr. Hawe, Miss Jebb, Mr. Kelland, Miss Law-
ford, Prof. Lyde, Dr. Maples, Mr. Marx, Dr. Moody, Mr. Peudle-
bury, Mr. Pinches, Mr. Rule, Mr. Rushbrooke, Rev. Dr. Scott,
Mr. Starbuck, and Rev. J. Twentyraan.

The Secretary reported the death of Mr. W. H. Harris, the
Rev. J. H. Newnum, and Prof. H. G. Seeley, three members of
the examining staff' of the College, and it was resolved that
letters expressing the deep regret of the Council at their decease
should be sent to their relatives.

He reported that the Institute of Actuaries had decided to
recognize the First Class Certificate of the College as evidence of
general education.

It was resolved that, on the voting papers to be used at the
General Meeting for the election of members of the Council and
of auditors, the names of the retiring members of the Council and
auditors should be indicated by asterisks.

Applications for grants from the Benevolent Fund were re-
ferred to the Finance Committee for consideration and report.

The report of the Examination Committee was submitted, and
was referred back to the Committee for the consideration of
suggestions offered by members of the Council.

THE EDUCATIONAL LADDER.

Cambbiboe UsTVEEaiTY. — Seatonian Prize : C. H. A. Field, II. A.,
formerly of Corpus Christi College. Member's Prize for an English
Essay : C. W. P. Orton, B. A. , Scholar of St. John's Subject : ■' Pohtical
Satire in English Poetry," Norri.sian Piize (for prose essay on a sacred
subject) : E. A EdghiU, M.A., formerly of King's, and J. K. Mozley,
B.A. , Fellow of Pembroke, equal.

Corpus. — Fellowship : E. G. Selwyn, B.A., formerly Scholar of King's
and Classical Lecturer of Corpus ; BeU Scholar, 190.5 ; Porson Prize-
man, 1905 ; Porson Scholar aud Bro^vne Medallist, 1906 ; Waddiugton
Scholar, 1907; Chancellor's Medallist and Winchester Reading Prize-
man, 1908. Entrance Scholarshiyis for Mathematics : W. Butterworth,
King WilUam's College, Isle of Man, £50 ; F. Sandon, Owen's School,
Islington, £40 ; for Classics: W. M. Askwith, Bedford Grammar School,
£40 ; R. M. Kirkpatrick, Marlborough College, £40 ; for Natural
Science : P. C. L. Thorne, Berkhamsted School, £40. Exhibitions : —
for Mithematics : W. H. Murray-Wat-on, Monkton Comb« School,
.£25 ; for Classics : F. N. Harston, Eastbourne College, £30.

Qiieen'ii. — Entrance Scholarships : — Mathematics : E. M. Dultroif,
Owen's School, IsUngton ; F. W. Gardner, King's School, Chester.
E.xhibitions : L. W. Wood, Merchant Taylors' ; G Rigby, Blackburn
Grammar School ; A. E. Bell, Wilham EUis School, St. Pancras.
Classics : — Scholarships : J. R. Wade, Westminster ; G. M. Wylie,
High School, Nottingham ; A. E. P. Sloman, Bradfield College. Ex-
hibitions : P. A. Tharp, St. Paul's ; A. E. Wild, Bury Grammar School,
Natural Science ; . Scholarships : G. Storey, King WilUam's College.
IsIk of Man ; R. H. Atkinson, North-Ea.stem County School, Barnard
Castle. Exhibitions: J. T. Scott, St. Olave's School. Southwark ;
C A. Herapath, Royal Masonic School, Bushey; R. Taylor, Wolver-
hampton Grammar School. Hebrew: — Exhibition: A. Jephcott, Mer-
chant Taylors'.

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

67

St. Catharine's. — Scholarship for History : C. C. Taylor, Latimer
Upper School. For Mathematics : E. M. Dultroff, Owen's School,
Islington. Exhibitions : — Mathematics : E. M. jVtldns, Welling-
borough Grammar School. Classics : C. L. Tasker, St. John's School,
Leatherhead ; J. S. Purvis, Bridlington Grammar School ; E. B. Hall,
St. Paul's. History : H. Horrox, Bradford Grammar School ; R. D.
Milner, Wevmouth College.

■Si. /uA/i's.— MacMahon Law Studentship : W. F. Sword, B.A.,
LL.B. Scholarships on the Casberd Foundation : A. J. Woolgar and
Vyryan Hope. Casberd Exhibitions : T. Owen Thompson, S. P.
Lissant, H. S. Breakspear, and R. D. Middleton.

LoMJOjr Univeesity. — Passed in Pedagogy (external students) : A. F.
AUen. B.Sc, Loudon Day Training College; R. Ashworth, B.A. :
E. C. Childs, B.A. : H. A. Clayborn, B.Sc. ; Ethel EmUy Cox, B A.,
London Day Training College ; E. C. Cull, B.Sc, Hartley University
College ; C. B. Evans, B.A. ; * J. M. Forster, B.A. ; R. A. Jones,
M.A., Royal Albert Memorial University College, Exeter ; Jessie Par-
sons, B.A., Madras, London Day Traininsi- College; *Mary Pa,ssmore,
B.A., St. Austell County School; L. H. W. Samp.sou, B.A., Oxford;
Mary Kathleen Sladden, Mathematical Honours School, Oxford, St.
Mary's College, Paddington ; F. W. Tickner, M.A., B.Sc. (Econ.) ;
t Charlotte Maiy Waters, B.A. : tMary Eleanor AVhitaker, B.A. ;
Hilda Wilson, M.A., St. Mary's College, Paddington ; and Alice Maud
Wright, B.A. (* Excelled in the written examination, t Excelled in
the practical examination.)

Oxford U>tversity. -- Senior Mathematical Scholarship : Jonathan
Hodgkin.son, B.A , Scholar of Jesus ; hon. mention, J. R. Pound, B.A.,
Scholar of St John's. Junior Mathematical Scholarship : A. L. Atkin,
Honorary Scholar of St. John's. Exhibition : H. Coates, Scholar of
Corpus. Distinguished in the Examination : .J. Snow, Scholar of New
College ; F. J. Webb, Scholar of Brasenose.

Jesus. — Classics : — Open Scholarship ; J. G. W. Fergusson, St.
Andrews University : Open Exhibitions : W. J. Foote, University of
Melbourne and non-collegiate student ; A. B. Jordan, Nottingham High
School. Meyrick Exhibitions : F. S. Purchas, Monmouth Grammar
School ; A J. S. Hart, Monmouth Grammar School. Mathematics : —
Open Exhibition : R. F. Wilkinson, St. John's School, Leatherhead.
Meyrick Exhibition : C. R. Stephens, Manchester Grammar School.
History :— Open Exhibition : H. R. Hardie, Mill HiU School ; Welsh
Scholarship : J. G Edwards, HolyweU County School. Theology : —
Open Exhibition : S. H. Hooke, Commoner of Jesus College ; Meyrick
Exhibition : W. F. Phillips, University College, Cardiff, and Aberyst-
^vyth Theological College. Meyi-ick Graduate Scholarship for Research
in Celtic Language and Literature : T. H. Parry- Williams, University
College, Aberystwyth.

N'eii'. — Winchester Scholarships : R. H. Hutchison, T. K. Bewley,
R. P. Hankinson, and W. Sheepshanks. Exhibition : A. W. Fagan.

Diplomas iii Kdiiration iSecondary) : John H. Baines, B.A., University
College; George T. Kelland. B.A., Balliol: Lionel H. W. S.ampson,
B.A., Hertford ; Francis J. Terry, non-collegiate ; Richard M. Morgan,
B.A., Aberystwyth . Ethel M. Bkrke, M.A., Girton ; Ellen I. Benham,
B.Sc, Adelaide; Henrietta E. T. Christie, Somerville ; Jeannie Dow,
Royal Holloway ; Margaret F. Moor and Grace G. T. Muir, Somerville;
Margaret E. Sale, B A , Dublin; Ethel StaflEord, B.A., Manchester;
and Mary C. Thompson, B.A., M.nchester.

Shaw PmiosorHiCAL Fkllowship (about £148 a year for five years, open
■to graduates in Arts of any of the four Scottish Universities of not more
than 5 years' standing at the time of the competition) : John Laird,
M.A. Edin. Pnxime accesserunt, A. A. Bowman, M.A. Glas. ; H. A.
Reybum, M.A. Glas. ; Leonard J. Russell, M.A. Glas.

OPEN COURT.

Thay half said ...

Quliat say thay 1 — Lat tJiame say !

A BUDaST OF CONTROVERSIES :

MAINLY OVER MORAL EDUCATION.

By Dr. F. H. Haywakd.

(Continued from page 26.)

3. When, if ever, Direct and Systematic P
We are inconsistent people, we English, .susceptible to the
call of " justice " or " mercy " from one quarter, deal: to a similar
call from another quarter; "temperate" in one respect; "in-
temperate " in another. The foreigner, in consequence, calls us
" hypocrites " and traces our moral blemishes to the perversity
of our wills.

Bernard Shaw knows us better. The trouble with us is that
our minds are foggy. John Bull's " blessed old head " has " all
its ideas in watertight compartments, and all the compartments
(are) warranted impervious."*

" John Bull's Other Island," Act I.

The middle-class code of ethics, which condemns " priggisli-
ness " as cousin to conscious hypocrisy is at least a century out
of date. Ibsea has been among us, and, though he knew every
cranny of the modern middle-class soul, he never once drew a
conscious hypocrite. He knew Helmer and Ekdal and Peer
Gynt ; he knew men " with all their ideas in watertight com-
partrnents " ; he knew men with Sunday consciences and class
consciences and business consciences ; he knew men with apper-
ception masses in isolation from each other, and therefore " func-
tioning independently," as Mr. Keatinge says. But he knew
nothing of Pecksniff or Tartuffe, and little even of lago and
Parolles. And, consequently, Ibsen's plays do not at first attract
us. We miss our conventional heroine, our conventional hero, and
our conventional villain ; and, worst of all, we miss the " hypo-
crite " and " prig." We have been taught to hate him ; we have
raised up barriers against his intrusion into our secondary
schools. " The commandment, ' Don't be a prig,' has almost
taken its place in the Decalogue," as Mr. Benson says ; and now
behold the greatest of all dramatists of modern human nature
gives VIS never the prig, but constantly the man who has " all
his ideas in water-tight compartments."

Now it is precisely against the defects of this latter man that
some, at least, of the advocates of moral instruction would fain
wage war. It is against lack of moral lucidity and imagination,
against inaccessibility to ideas, against persistent and yet un-
conscious inconsistency of conduct, against the perfectly well
intentioned " scoundrelism " which, in Bernard Shaw's opinion,
is normal with " every man over forty " ; against the moral
" colour-blindness " which is the first stage towards the said
" scoundrelism," and is alleged by public-school teachers to be
characteristic of middle-class boys.

And yet, when advocates of moral instruction state their case
for lucidity and system, they are met by a parrot cry against
encouraging the consrinas hypocrisy known as " priggislniess " I
Outside the ranks of the professional cadger I doubt whether a
hundred conscious hypocrites exist in England. Of unconscious
hypocrites there are some fifteen millions — almost the entire
adult population ; and twenty of the remaining millions — now
children — are in process of arrival at the same goal.

Direct, systematic moral instruction." An attempt to intro-
duce lucidity, continuity, and consistency into our moral ideas r
An attempt to make our moral terminology effective, so that we
m.ay no longer deceive ourselves at every hour of the day or
remain blind to countless duties ? Anything but that ! Morality
must not be systematic ! For ever and for ever it must be a
series of scraps !

Accordingly Mr. Keatinge writes a book called " Suggestion
in Education." and proves to his own satisfaction that haphazard
" suggestion " is the best mode of moral instruction. ' In the
course of reading the " Gallic War " or the " Ode on the Death of
the Duke of Wellington," a few moral ideas of an isolated char-
acter may chance to enter insidiously into the boy's mind ; and
in this way he will best acquire a knowledge of moral truth.
Such is " suggestion in education " ! The teacher must be for
ever " reticent," " discreet," and especially fragmentary and in-
cidental.

Did ever the world see the like stated before in cold print ?
Do any of us need to be told of the value of such chance moral
suggestions as spring out of fine books? Have we not urged
that humanistic study should take a high place in every school?
Is this not the best way to familiarize the boy with noble ideas
and noble terminology ? Who doubts it ? Who has ever doubted
it ? But is there nevr to be system in our moral ideas ? Are
we to go on with " suggestions " and " scraps " for ever and ever ?
The weakness of Mr. Keatinge's book is that it recognizes no
necessity for system at any epoch of life. Not even when we
marry, not even when we see our sous or daughters marry, not
even when we totter on the verge of eternity, will our moral
ideas be systematic. Let me interrogate.

Shall we introduce system into the moral ideas current in our
elementary schools ? The children are young ; their experience
is slight ; their reading is limited ; their reason is undeveloped ;
they have not reached the stage of adolescence, when sundry
altruistic instincts begiu to reach maturity. Surely childhood is
not the best time for very systematic methods. The secondary
schools ? No ; contrariant ideas are the obstacle there. Colleges
and universities ? Contrariant ideas are still the difficulty ;
besides, only a fraction of our people attend colleges and uni-
versities. Twenty years of life have now slipped away — the
plastic years, apparently the predestined years for educational
influence. Perchance the period from twenty to thirty is the

68

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

one for 6ysteniatization ? Or that from thirty to forty ? Mr.
Keatinge does not say ; and our only conclusion must be that
.John Bull's moral ideas must never be made systematic at all ;
his head must have its "impervious " and "watertight" com-
partments, with consequent " scoundrelism," for ever.

Prof. Pindlay is a good deal wiser. His attack upon the employ-
meat of direct moral instruction applies only to the years before
sixteen ; and the attack. I admit, would be cogent if modern society
were different from what it is, and if direct i///moral instruction
(or its equivalent) did not assail the primary-school child so early.
I suspect that when Utopia has been attained Prof. Findlay's
view will be recognized as true. In any case, he knows that
in the later teens reason and conscience and personality are
finally awake, and that now, if ever, is the time for direct
methods. So I leave Mr. Keatinge to Prof. Pindlay, assuring
him that when he concedes* a place for direct moral instruction
in primary schools, while discounting its efficacy in secondary
schools, modern pedagogics, whether starting from the psycho-
logical notion of apperception or from the ascertained facts of
adolescence, would exactly reverse his verdict.

1 conclude this section with two questions : " Are moral ideas
ever to be made approximately coherent or systematic? If they
are, at what period of life P "

4. — " Doing, not Talking."

Mr. Paton has more than once expressed the opinion that
■' talks " about moral matters are of infinitely less importance
than moral action. " What we want for English boys is not that
they shall talk about these things (diligence, &c.), nor write
essays about them, but that they shall love these things and live
them . . . that they shall be big, generous, open-hearted, fi'ank "
— [What does " frank " mean P Does it imply " talking " P] . . .
" with strong self mastery."t In the algebra lesson — a fine field
for exercising will power, in Mr. Paton's belief — '■" the better the
class and the better the master, the less will be said " [about
honesty or temptation]. " It is by practice, not by precept,' that
we become perfect."

These words are normal, orthodox, and inevitable when-
ever the public-school master is called on to discuss moral
education. He has them on the tip of his tongue ; they echo
in the chambers of his memory ; and they are themselves (like
the horror of " priggishness ") a concrete illustration of the
fact that in one case, at any rate, words possess an almighty
power. Add to them the other copy-book maxim that " example
is better than precept"; and the platform platitude — true,
like most platitudes, and also fundamentally useless — that " the
most important moral influence is the personality of the teacher "
— and the armoury of the public-school man is almost complete.

It almost makes one despair to find that the fallacy underly-
ing this phraseology is not seen at once by an educated man.
" Bvery boy knows what it is to be diligent and thorough in his
work, what it means to be truthful, honest, and pure." The reader
will note the narrowness and conventionality of the catalogue —
so reminiscent {pace Mr. Paton) of the headings of the old-
fashioned moral lesson book (" Overcome obstacles by perse-
verance," " Honesty is the best policy," &c.) ; the apparent
absence of any imaginative grasp of the fact that new moral
duties, eugenic, resthetic. civic, &c., may be dawning on the race
and beckoning us forward. But, accepting the catalogue as it
stands, can we truly say that every boy hnow^ these virtues? It
is not even true that Mr. Paton li-niwx them ; he constantly im-
plies that diligence in performing mere drudgery is a virtue ; and
he never refers to the fact, pointed out years ago in the fifth
chapter of Prof. Adams's " Herbartiau Psychology," that the
bad man may be as diligent as the good. As for the " boy,"
certainly he " knows," in a verbal sort of way, the meaning of
" diligence " ; and if Mr. Paton is attacking the giving of purely
verbal knowledge (such as the slum-child's knowledge of " mea-
dow " and " forest ") he does well ; moral kuowle<lge, to be effec-
tive, must be apperceptivf, as every Herbarcian has urged ; it
must be verbal, certainly (for a reason presently to be assigned),
but it must be linked up to a mass of ideas, traceable to ex-
perience and instruction. That " every boy "/™o«;s (really knows)
what " diligence " means in this sense, is as far from the truth as
was Macaulay's famous statement about " every boy's " historical
omniscience ; if Mr. Paton consent, I shall be glad to set a few
questions on "diligence" for his Manchester boys, in order to put
the matter to the test.

My own conviction is that deep igiiorance is at the root of
almost or quite all the moral evils of the day. I will go so far
as to say that few adults " knov^ " what it is to be diligent,
thorough, truthful, honest, and pure ; in the realm of honesty,
for example (commercial, international, &c.), there is notorious
fog and confusion ; while, as to Mr. Paton's favourite virtues
of diligence, thoroughness, &c., he will find, in " A Modern
Utopia " of Mr. Wells, some indications that the significance
of these virtues is perhaps rather different from what he
imagines. If we were dumped down among the lotus-eaters,
or in certain other situations not unknown to readers of
Greek and oriental history, these strenuous virtues would be
regarded as forms of vice or lunacy. And I am not at all sure
that my " diligence " and " perseverance " in the present con-
troversy are striking the readers of this journal with admiration.

Let us, however, make the amazing admission that every bur
knows, in a measure, and even appreciates, the cardinal virtues ;
the question arises. How did he get to know and appreciate
them ? Mr. Paton must at once fall back either upon a " faculty
doctrine " (there is a " faculty " of conscience) or upon an ad-
mission that moral knowledge comes from the environment.

Now modern sociology rejects the former view; "the old con-
ception of a special faculty of moral intuition . . . was the third
of a trio of false psychological assumptions," says the most
recent writer on the subject* ; and Dr. Stanley Hall regards as
an " old superstition " the notion that " children have innate
faculties of such a finished sort that they flash up and grasp the
principle of things by a rapid sort of first intellection. "f But
this " old superstition," he adds, " persists in full force in moral
and religious training," and Mr. Paton appears to be an example
of its persistence (" every boy knows " . . .), unless, of course, he
choose to admit that the boy's moral knowledge and apprecia-
tions come from the environment.

But if they come from the environment they will be limited by
the environment ; what the boy " knows " will be much or little,
true or false ; virtues outside the environment, or uncongenial to
it, will be unknown or unappreciated ; and perhaps certain virtues
will be called vices, nr the reverse. Mr. Paton's everlasting
stress upon the " school virtues " — as if these constituted, or at
least summarized, the whole duty of man — is itself significant ;
and I may say, once again, that no advocate of moral instruction
asks for the old-fashioned and pedantic reiteration of what is
already obvious or inevitable (what "every boy knows ") ; nor for
dull hectoring of a class for sundry faults (possibly caused by
pedagogical arbitrariness or ignorance) ; but for something far
finer, something rational and alluring, something that "every
boy " does not know.

Once admit that the conscience is no ready-made faculty, but
a dynamic process involving memories, ideas, and suggestions,
all derived from the environment and possessing all the limita-
tions and perversities of that environment, the teacher will be
compelled (unless he is morally bankrupt and hopelessly un-
imaginative) to give moral instruction or to organize some
equivalent of moral instruction. He will commence a process
of elucidating, refining, completing, or correcting, and then, to
the extent that he finds moral terminology thin, artificial, or
perverse, he will be compelled to reorganize his curriculum and
to enrich it more particularly on the side of history, biography,
and literature, so that indirect moral instruction may adequately
supply the apperceptive needs of direct moral instruction.

And 1 do not see how all this is to be done without " talking."
Educationists will never realize how immensely significant in
all matters of morality is the spoken word, which Mr. Paton
regards as relatively unimportant, until their imaginations have
been touched by the great and broadly true doctrine associated
with the name of Weissmann.

They must picture the i-hain of germ-cells stretching back-
wards into the vanished past and forwards into the shadowy
future; and, attached to that immortal chain, the clusters of
somatic cells which constitute the bodies of individual men.
We appear as the offspring — or, rather, the by-products — of the
germ-plasm — not the makers of its living links ; we take what
it gives us, and we can give nothing to it.

The vision, when it first rises before us, is little short of
appalling. We feel like Macbeth as the ghostly series stretch
on to the crack of doom. The continuity of the germ-plasm
spells the worst confirmation of our fears. Science has closed
the doors of hope, and heredity is, indeed, omnipotent. We are

* " Moral Education Conprress Papers," page 133.
fDnit!/ News, October 1, 1908.

*McDougaU's " Social Psychology."
+ "Youth."

1

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

69

offshoots from the trunk of the mighty being, congenital para-
sites which it periodically disgorges, appendages with rootlets
fixed desperately and precariously in its substance, and with no
single tentacle feeling upwards.

This, apparently, would be a true, if gloomy, picture of human
life except for the factors which Mr. Paton would have us despise.
Man's is the gift of speech, and man's, pre-eminently, is the gift
of writing. " Talking about " morals and " writing essays "
about morals happen to be the two and the oulj- means by which
man has been lifted out of bondage to the germ-plasm. An
ethical tradition, handed down by word of mouth and through
books, is another " plasm " in which our life is rooted, and there
is no third. These quaint champions of orthodoxy and laiasez-
faire, these confident opponents of moral instruction are —
though they do not know it — the only fatalists, the only mate-
rialists, the only cynics in the educational world. Possibly the
diagram that follows may serve to change their verdict upon
the folly of " talking about " and " writing about " morals.

The Idea-plaem Q.

The Germ -plasm ■

/

a, ^, f , (/,?,_/,... the germ cells.
A, B, C, D, £, . . . the somatic cells.

[Germ cells and somatic cells together, a + A, b + B, constitute
an individual being ; all links with past or future are
through the germ cells, which are "continuous" from
generation to generation.]

Such, diagrammatically (minus the dotted line), would be the
history of the human race apart from the factors whicli Mr. Paton
depreciates. Everything human would be locked up in the chain
of germ cells ; no bridge would join the individual A with the
individual B except the round-about bridge of physical heredity ;
and upon the quality and durability of that bridge the fate of
humanity would depend.

But, luckily, there is another bridge between A and B ; a
fragile one of words and phrases and maxims ; of records of
humble efforts and heroic deeds ; of legends, of poems, of novels ;
of works on citizenship and philosophy. Neglect this bridge, or
despise it, or destroy it, and the human race will sink back to
what it once was — a chain of appendages strung on to the germ-
plasm and dependent wholly upon it. This other bridge is shown
in the diagram by the dotted line.

Dropping all metaphors, I would urge that our schools are
called upon to hand down a moral tradition embracing those
best elements of the past which are likely to be the most helpful
elements for the future. The genius of the great has to be made
the heritage of the humble. Otherwise, one only result is pos-
sible. What was missing in the primitive savage who had ac-
cumulated no imposing moral tradition — who had no time to "talk
about " morals or " write essays " about morals — will be missing
in the modern boy from whom that tradition is ostentatiously
withheld. The missing factor will be moral vision, moral percep-
tion, moral apperception. And, curiously enough, this factor is
actually alleged to be missing by men who have good reason to
know. The public-school boy is said to be " morally colour-
blind." And, still more curiously and significantly, he is said to
be a " savage " or " barbarian," the witnesses here showing a
knowledge of sociology deeper than they themselves would claim.
Lastly, he is alleged to have '' low moral admirations," an alle-
gation which at once provokes from the Herbartian the inquiry,
" How can you expect to awaken ' high moral admirations ' —
identical with ' apperceptive interest ' in moral truth — unless
you provide the boy with apperceptive resources ? "

The only answer open to tlie public-school master is a
demonstration that his favourite dogma of " formal training "
or " faculty training " is true ; and that, by a series of school
activities (games, classical drill, &c.), the boy acquires all neces-
sary apperceptive resources.

One word more, however, upon the notion that " talking about "
morals and "writing essays " on morals are things tabu.

If the schoolmaster refuse to set in use a dignified moral ter-
minology, he will still have to employ, in his serious moments, a
terminology of some kind, and to aid its currency among boys.
What will it be? He dare not speak of "justice "; such language
savours of the " prig," and perhaps of the " puritan " ; but he can
safely speak of " playing the game." He must, in fact, borrow
his terminology from the world of sport.

God give us hases to guard or beleaguer.
Games to play out, whether earnest or fun ;
Fights for the fearless and goals for the eager,
Twenty and thirty and forty years on.
The situation is saved ! So long as the master's phraseology
is that of the playing field, he can exhort and reprove to his
heart's content. He can bid his boj-s be "sportsmanlike" ; and
even " essays " on pseudo-moral topics Tnay be possible, pro-
vided the terminology is sufficiently and triumphantly trivial.

Moral metaphors borrowed from the playing fields may be as
legitimate as i-eligious metaphors borrowed from the Greek race-
course; but they ai-e neither dignified nor numerous enough to
support a complete and progressive system of moral ideas. And
yet the public school will have to make this desperate and
despicable attempt if in " talking about " serious topics it re-
fuses to employ a terminology worthy of the theme.

5. — Conclusion.
The main controversy must, however, range over the dogma of
" formal training." It it can be shown that the volitional quali-
ties demanded by school games and school pursuits do not (as
Sir Arthur Hort recently admitted) flow over appreciably into
life as a whole ; and that " accuracy," " thoroughness," " observa-
tion," and the other faculties or processes are similarly recal-
citrant, apart from some 2}rocess of instruction or elucidation,
our case is proved and our opponents' case is lost. And " formal
training " is, indeed, apparently a lost cause.

AMERICAN NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.

Declakation or Peixcitles at Cleveland, Ohio, 1908.
The National Education Association, now holding the forty-
sixth annual convention in Cleveland, and representing teachers
and friends of education in every state in this Union, makes the
following declaration of principles and aims : —

1. Fully realizing that trained and skilled labour is a primary
essential to the indnstrial and commercial welfare of the country,
we cordially endorse the establishment by municipal Boards of
Education of trade schools, industrial schools, and evening con-
tinuation schools ; and further recommend that the instruction
in these schools be practical and efficient, and have the advice,
and the approval, of the trade interested to the end that gradu-
ates of these schools may at once become advanced apprentices
or journeymen.

2. We recommend the subordination of highly diversified and
overburdened courses of study in the gi-ades to a thorough drill
in essential subjects ; and the sacrifice of quantity to an improve-
ment in the quality of instruction. The complaints of business
men that pupils from the schools are inaccurate in results and
careless of details is a criticism that should be removed. The
principles of sound and accurate training are as fixed as natural
laws and should be insistently followed. Ill considered experi-
ments and indiscriminate methodizing should be abandoned and
attention devoted to the persevering and continuous drill neces-
sary for accurate and eflScient training: and we hold tliat no course
of study in any public school should be so advanced or so rigid
as to prevent instruction to any student who may need it in the
essential and practical parts of the common English branches.

3. We assert that the individuality of the pupil should be
carefully considered, to the end that he may be instructed in the
light of his limitations and capacity ; and commend to all Local
Authorities the necessity of greater care in the arrangement of
courses of studj-, that they may be adapted to the pupils to be
instructed, rather than that pupils should be adapted to fixed
courses of stud}' and inflexible systems of grading.

4. There is concededly a grave moral depression in our busi-
ness and social atmosphere. The revelations of the financial
and legislative world for the past two years denote a too general
acquiescence in questionable practices and standards. We
earne.stly recommend to Boards of Education, principals and
teachers, the continuous training of pupils in morals, and in
business and professional ethics, to the end that the coming
generation of men of affairs may have a well developed abhor-
rence of unfair dealing and discrimination. The establishment
of the honour system in schools, the ostracism of the dishonest
or unfair pupil, the daily exemplification in the routine life of
the school of the advantage of honest and truthful methods, are
commended to the especial attention of teachers as a partial
means to this end.

5. The Bureau of Education at Washington should be pre-

70

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

served in its integrity and the dignity of its position maintained
and increased. It should receive at the hands of Congress such
recognition and such appropriation as will enable it not only to
employ all expert assistants necessarj', but also to publish in
convenient and usable form the results of investigations, thus
making that department of our government such a source of in-
formation and advice as will be most helpful to the people in
conducting their campaigns of education. We are of the opinion
that the importance of the subject under its control, and the
dignitj' of this country require that this bureau be maintained
as an independent department of the Government.

6. The Xational Education Association notes with approval
that the qualifications demanded of teachers in the public
schools are increasing annually, and particularly that in many
localities sjiecial preparation is demanded of teachers. The idea
that any one with a fair education can teach school is gradually
giving way to the correct notion that teachers must make special
preparation for the vocation of teaching. The higher standard
demanded of teachers must lead logically to higher salaries for
teachers, and constant efforts should be made by all persons
interested in education to secui'e for teachers adequate compen-
sation for their work.

7. It is the duty of the State to provide for the education of
every child within its borders and to see that all children obtain
the rudiments of an education. The constitutional provision
that all tax-payers must contribute to the support of the public
schools logically carries with it the implied provision that no
persons should be permitted to defeat the purposes of the public-
school law by forcing their children at an early age to become
bread-winners. To this end the child labour and truancy laws
should be so harmonized that the education of the child, not its
labour, is made the chief concern.

8. The National Education Association endorses the increas-
ing use of school buildings for free vacation schools and for
free evening schools and lecture courses for adults and for
children who have been obliged to leave the day school prema-
turely. We also approve of the use of school grounds for play-
grounds and the use of school gymnasiums and bath-rooms for
the benefit of children in the crowded districts during summer.

9. Local taxation, supplemented by State taxation, presents
the best means for the support of the public schools and for
securing that deep interest in them which is necessary to their
greater efficiency. State aid should be granted only as supple-
mentary to local taxation, and not as a substitute for it.

10. The National Education Association observes with great
satisfaction the tendency of cities and towns to replace large
School Committees or Boards which have exercised through
Sub-Committees executive functions, to salaried experts.

11. We cannot too often repeat that close, intelligent, judicious
supervision is necessary for all grades of schools.

12. The rapid establishment of rural high schools and the con-
solidation of rui-al district schools are most gratifying evidences
of the progress of education. We believe that this movement
should be encouraged until the children of rural communities
enjoy the benefits of public education to an extent approximat-
ing as nearly as practicable the education furnished in urban
communities.

13. The National Education Association wishes to record its
approval of the increasing appreciation among educators of the
fact that the building of character is the real aim of the
schools and the ultimate reason for the expenditure of millions
for their maintenance. There are in the minds of the children
and youth of to-day a tendency toward a disregard to constituted
authority, a lack of respect for age and superior wisdom, a weak
appreciation of the demands of duty, a disposition to follow
pleasure and interest rather than obligation and order. This
condition demands the earliest thought and action of our leaders
of opinion and places impoi-tant obligations upon School Boards,
superintendeuts, and teachers.

14. The National Education Association wishes to congratu-
late the secondary schools and colleges of the counti-y that are
making an effort to remove the taint of professionalism and
other abases that have crept into students' sports. This taint
can be removed only by leading students, alumni, and school
faculties to recognize that inter-school games should be played
for sportsmanship and not merely for victory.

15. It is apparent that familiarity with the English Bible as a
masterpiece of literature is rapidly decreasing among the pupils
in our schools. This is the direct result of a conception which
regards the Bible as a theological book merely, and thereby leads
to its exclusion from the schools of some states as a subject of

reading and study. We hope for such a change of public senti-
ment in this regard as will permit and encourage the reading
and study of the English Bible as a literary work of the highest
and purest type, side by side with the poetry and prose which it
has inspired and in large part formed.

16. It is important that school buildings and school grounds
should be planned and decorated so as to serve as effective
agencies for educating not only the children, but the people as
a whole in matters of taste. The school is becoming more and
more a community centre, and its larger opportunities impose
new obligations. School buildings should Ije attractive as well
as healthful, and the adjourning grounds should be laid out and
planned with appropriateness and beauty.

17. The highest ethical standard of conduct and of speech
should be insisted on among teachers. It is not becoming that
commercialism or self-seeking should shape their actions, or that
intemperance should mark their utterances. A code of profes-
sional conduct clearly understood and rigorously enforced by
public opinion is being slowly developed, and must one day
control all teachers worthy of the name.

18. In teaching, as in other kind of work, the best service is
secured by finding the individual best fitted to the particular
place as indicated by training, experience, and meritorious
service ; the National Educatiou Association therefore heartily
approves a merit system of promoting teachers and filling
vacancies. We assert, furthermore, that the grounds upon
which a teacher may apply for a position are preparatory train-
ing, experience, and meritorious service — in a word, professional
fitness alone ; and that the use of other personal and political
arguments is deplorable in the teacher and a serious menace to
a high professional standard.

Resolved also, That public high schools should not be chiefly
fitting schools for higher institutions, but should be adapted to
the general needs, both intellectual and industrial, of their
students and communities, and we suggest that the higher insti-
tutions might wisely adapt their courses to this condition.

And we also suggest to School Boards and superintendents
the importance of securing for their high-school teachers who
have not only abundant scholarship but also successful ex-
perience in teaching or efficient and practical training in
pedagogy.

The foregoing principles and aims and the subsequent resolu-
tions have been fully considered by the committee and unani-
mously adopted.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THE STUDY OF EDUCATION.

By Prof. J. J. FiNULAY. Jl.A., Ph.D., and P. Sanditokd, M.Sc.

(Summary of a paper read before the British Association at Dublin, a
sequel to a paper read at the York Meeting of the British Associa-
tion. Vide "Transactions," 1906, page 793.)

Ix the paper presented at York, Mr. Fiudlay confined his
attention to experimental studies in school teaching, and indicated
the lines on which he and others were at work in demonstration
schools,* associated with Departments of Education or training
colleges. The time now seems ripe for a wider review of methods
for the improvement of education which, in a broad sense, may
be described as " experimental " or " scientific " : experiments in
teaching form only one section of a large field which is being
tentatively worked in many parts of the world.

1. A first group consists of investigations which do not
directly raise questions of education at all, but are concerned
solely with the physical powers of childhood and their develop-
ment ; they are really questions of physiology and hygiene — a
branch of anthropometry. To these may be added inquiries
into feeding, clothing, sleep, &c. It must be borne in mind that
while such inquiries are invaluable as material for educational
proposals, they are not of themselves directly of service, and the
interpretations put upon them are often wide cf the mark ; for
the school is a social organization which has to do its work
under complex social conditions.

2. Allied to the above may be placed investigations into school
appliances and the physical conditions under which children
live while at school. This is a branch of public sanitation rather
than distinetivel}' a matter for pedagogics.

3. The third group is concerned with the organs of sense,

* Some of the results of the work in Manchester, as well as an account
of the methods employed, are to be found in the Jlemunstration School
Itecord, No. 1. (University Press, Manchester, 1908.)

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

n

eyesight, hearing, &c. ; and we are still in regions where the
physiologist and the physician are at home rather than the
teacher. Their resnlts need to be lianded over for the use of
schools, but the methods and processes of research are not a
distinctive concern for the teacher.

4. A fourth group carries us forward to experimental psycho-
logy, to research in which the methods of the psychological
laboratory are applied to the features of the growing organism
as distinguished from the adult.

A large mass of verj- suggestive research has been undertaken,
of which the work on " Fatigue" may be taken as typical. The
most recent results show the grave difficulties encountered in
endeavouring to interpret physical conditions in terms of mind
(see Ellis and Snipe, American Journal of Psycholoay, 1903,
page 232).

Experimental ps3-chology, when the subjects of an experiment
are children, undoubtedly would appear to have a close bearing
upon the problem of the teacher, and a good deal of the work
undertaken in Germany under the title of " Experimentelle P.ida-
gogik " (see Schwarz in Scliool Reviev:, Chicago, January to
September, 1907) show.s that many investigators would desire to
see stations for research in genetic psychology established as part
of the equipment of Departments of Education.

It would appear, however, as if the methods of the psychological
laboratory are too specialized, and too remote from the positive
functions of the school, to be introduced as part of the pedagogical
equipment of a University. Rather one would say that such a
laboratory ought to he at hand wherever advanced work in the
study of education is set on foot ; and the psychologist ought to
be asked to pay special attention to genetic studies in view of the
practical importance of anj' results which he may reach. It is
certain that if the laboratory can arrive at new conceptions of the
mental life of the young, these results will find an immense field
for application in the teaching profession.

_ 6. Of an entirely different order are the numberless investiga-
tions conducted under the name of child study, especially in
America by Stanley Hall and Earl Barnes, and more recently in
German}' by Kerchensteiner and others. Here the investigator
deals with experience, with mental " content " in ideas and feelings,
or output in expression, rather than with mental qualities or
faculties. These investigations, when conducted with real
scientific ability, have greatly influenced the schools, for the
teacher's business is directly concerned with the child's output —
the fundamental difficulty felt by the psychologist as to the
nature of mind process is largely avoided when attention is
confined to achievement.

6. All the above groups are conducted on well recognized lines
of control experiments, with quantitative measurements. But
they only bring us to the threshold of the school ; experiments
which touch directly the business of the teacher encounter several
difficulties — (1) they need a long period of time for their com-
pletion ; (2) disturbing and qualifying factors are always presented
and cannot easily be reckoned with ; (3) methods for estimating
results have scarcely as yet been seriously considered. Such
methods must obviously vary for each branch of instruction or
school management. Both in the selection of the material of a
curriculum, in methods of teaching, and in the corporate life of
school a great amount of experimental work is Ijeing undertaken,
but it can seldom hope to be placed on the same footing as regards
exactness stich as is attained in the earlier groups. Further,
such work can seldom be undertaken without some a priori bias
of general principles as to the underlying aim and function of the
school.

It is, however, in this group that the proper business of a
Department of Education centres ; and it is here that the scientific
attitude is most urgently needed by demonstrators and instructors.
Material, ilethod. Corporate Life — each of these three sections —
can be treated from the standpoint of scientific method. One of
thepressingproblems for investigation is to consider the principles
on which results can be tested : here we should refer to a remark-
able inquiry conducted in American cities by Dr. Rice (pub-
lished in the Forum, from January, 1901, to 1902). Our
English examining bodies collect every year a large mass of
material which could be utilized to capital advantage for research,
if means were at hand.

8. This leads us to a final group which takes the student outside
the school walls — the administration and control of educational
institutions. Here we have a field in which the methods of
political science offer the model.

This cursory sketch serves to indicate the vast field that lies
before the teaching profession when the time comes for the teacher

to be trained on lines which demand an approach to scientific
method. There are some signs that the Government, which controls
so intimately the training of teachers, is beginning to realize its
responsibilitj- to take the lead in this work, by affording means to
Universities and training colleges to make a beginning ; the
Education Bill of 1906 contained a clause on behalf of Demon-
stration Schools. But a fulh' equipped Department of Education
in a University would be at least as costly to maintain as a
medical school. It may be worth while for this Association to set
on foot some means for collecting information as to the extent to
which work is being attempted (either in Departments of Educa-
tion or in schools) of a quality that can make pretensions to be
regarded as scientific.

REVIEWS.

Secoxd.vry Instructiox : Studies .ind Processes.
Principles of Secondary Education. A Text-book. By Charles
De Garmo, Professor of the Science and Art of Education,
Cornell University. Xo\. 1.: The Studies. (5s.net.) Vol.11.:
Frocpssex of Instruction. (4s.Gd.net.) (Macmillan.)
Prof. De Garmo here presents " an initial statement " of " the
fundamental principles of American secondary education," dis-
cussing the curriculum in the first, and the problems of method
in the second, volume. " The Processes of Training " are i-e-
served for a third volume. The appendixes to the first volume,
covering 79 pages are exceedingly instructive to the student of
curricula, who will find in them mater-ial for the prosecution of
inquiries outside the author's limits. They include many tj-pical
courses of study, both European and American ; and it is
interesting to note the large proportion of time devoted to
literary subjects by the American secondary schools, here
termed " Manual Training High Schools." In both volumes
there is a liberal provision of " Topics for Discussion," which are
intended to be treated as exercises performed in class. This
excellent feature of a college text-book is occasionally marred in
the present case by a certain pretentiousness in some of the
topics proposed : a thorough, or even a fruitful, discussion of
these would be beyond the knowledge and ability of the persons
for whom most of the book appears to be written.

Judging it from a purely British point of view, the book must
be pronounced disappointing ; there is a lack of proportion in
treatment, in consequence of which some parts are needlessly in-
flated and others unduly contracted. The " Introduction — Pre-
suppositions undei'lying American Secondary Education," raises
the thorny questions which centre round the mutual relations of
the individual and the community; these problems are funda-
mental, yet they are dismissed in fourteen pages. Such com-
pression not only courts defeat, but plays into the hands of that
numerous and most mischievous class of "educationists " who
are ever on the look-out for generalizations that cost them
nothing for the making. One would have preferred in this
" Introduction " a reasoned statement at some length of the
principles which the author conceives to lie at the base of all
courses of study pursued for strictly educational purposes. Such
a statement is not supplied, either as a set of deductions a priori
or as the outcome of a minute stud}' of some suflSciently well
established curricula. Accordingly, when we come to chapter v.,
" The Organization of Studies and Curricula," the treatment is
elusive and unconvincing, because it wants the guidance of a
few master principles clearly formulated. We are told that the
pupil " must recapitulate in a brief time at least an epitome of
the acquisitions of the race " (II. 69), but we are left to wonder
why he must, and no notice is accorded to the objection that he
can't.

The greater pai-t of the first volume is occupied in considering
the educational value of the branches of study followed in the
secondary schools of America. While the author is willing to
concede a restricted and not very considerable value to " mental
discipline " or " formal training " as a factor in the worth of
any given study, he takes what seems to be the thoroughly sound
position that it is specific content which makes any branch of
human attainment valuable or not as a school " subject." Studies
are classified under the three great heads : Katural Sciences,
Humanities, and Economic Science — the last being an omniwrn
gatherum betokening a breakdown in the classification. AVith
reference to the first two groups. Prof. De Garmo's position will
perhaps be fairly described as being in the " left centre " of

72

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

orthodoxy : he assigns a much greater value to the study of
foreign languages, ancient as well as modern, than is commonly
conceded by American writers on education. With admirable
courage, he quotes the opinion of the Prussian Commissioner
who saw the outcome of transatlantic Latin teaching in " the
proud inscription, ' Per Pacem ad Libertas ' (sic) in one of the
principal rooms of the Philippine exhibit at St. Louis."

Prof. De Garmo's third or " Economic " group of studies in-
cludes commercial geography and history, " economic physics,
chemistry, and biology," mechanical drawing, manual training,
housewifery, book-keeping, typewriting, shorthand. Whereas
the studies of the former groups are canvassed at great length,
the specific values of this economic group are considered in
less than ten pages. It is commonly understood that America
is rapidly and successfully developing the more educational side
of " bread studies," thus establishing wliat is styled " vocational
education." Brevity on such a matter is particularly disap-
pointing to the foreign student of the process. The inclusion in
secondary-school courses of some of the so-called " bread studies "
is a necessity of modern life, justified not only by material ad-
vantage, but also by the principle that a school course ceases to
educate when it gets out of touch with life beyond the school
walls. But their inclusion is surrounded by very real difficulties.
While the studies themselves are in most cases not yet suf-
ficiently defined and systematized to serve as instruments of edu-
cation, the men and women who can employ them in that capacity
are few in number. There is therefore a demand for a broad
and deep discussion of the principles which must govern the
educational use of this economic group of studies ; but the
author does not give it attention. It will not do to accept these
studies as " of course" : the consequence of that attitude is the
plethoric curriculum so familiar in Europe.

Save for a much needed and most useful statement discrimi-
nating between the positions of the researcher and the schoolboy
(pages 67-78), the second volume is little more than a reiteration
of what is found in any modern text-book of inductive logic. One
sympathizes with the desire to reinstate logic in that high place
in method from which so man}- books on teaching have tried to
depose it. But, if educational method is no more than can be
found in the logical text-book, why the volume under review ? It
is extraordinary to find no specific presentment of mental pro-
cesses as such in a book bearing the title " Processes of Instruc-
tion." Tlie author's own statements passim lead us to expect
some notice from him of the psychological side of the instructor'
problem. Thus he speaks of " the mastery of a system of
thought " (II. 158), but devotes no space to the consideration of
the nature and growth of such a system. He insists that every
study has a twofold aspect — first, as " knowledge," which gives
insight, and second as " technique," or practical application
which gives efficiency. He deprecates the consideration of any
studies as being specifically forms of skill, on the ground that
such a conception of them would " obscure the organic nature of
the curriculum " (I. 139), and " would wholly fail to account for
its modern developments " (ItJ^). But this is little to the point
so long as these very developments lack that full consideration
of whose absence we have complained above. We look in such a
book as the present for some treatment of the psychological
questions which the instructor must answer, whether he is help-
ing his pupil to acquire insight or efficiency. It does not avail
to say (II. 152 fi.) that the psychologist is interested in the in
dividual, whilst education is primarily social or sociological.
Prof. De Garmo himself declares, on his very first page, that " in
education what is best for the individual is also best for society."
The instructor, therefore, must have an eye to the individual
pupil, and to do this he must take into account factors other than
the logical. While this is true both in teaching which aims at
knowledge and in teaching whose purpose is skill, it is especially
necessary in the latter case. Possibly the psychological treat-
ment of the processes of instruction is reserved for the third
volume. If so, the order of presentation appears to us to be
faulty.

The press-work and general " get-up " of these volumes are
very good. We have noted a few misprints, in proper names
chiefly — some of them not readily excusable.

Mr. Hall Caine's Reminiscences.

My Story. By Hall Caine. (6s. Heinemann ; for Collier & Co..

2 Tudor Street, B.C.)

In this volume Mr. Hall Caine does not present a regular and

complete account of his career. He speaks of the work as an

" autobiographical fragment." It is mainly concerned with his
literary relationships during the earlier half of his life, and
especially with D. G. Rossetti. The first part contains a sketch
of his childhood and }'0uih in the Isle of Man, " partly for the
sake of the picture it must needs present of a curiously self-
centred little communitj- that was strangely out of touch and
harmony with the rest of our kingdom as recentlj- as half a cen-
tury ago, and partly, perhaps, for such interest as it niigVit possibly
possess for some of the readers of the novels with which mj' name
is associated." It contains also a slight account of his early days
in Liverpool (where the home of his parents was) and of his first
"iterary friends (among them Ashcroft Noble and William Wat-
son), and of the steps leading up to his acquaintance with Rossetti.
The main interest of the book is centred in the second part, which
recounts prettj' fully his association with Rossetti — " the story of
that friendship, the greatest, the most intimate, the most beautiful
that has ever come to me," and probably the most painfully try-
ing. It is a pitiful story indeed, and one that need not have been
told at all but for the prevalence of other versions less creditable
to the author's friend. It appears, then, that Rossetti's gloomy
solitude was not " the result of morbid brooding over the insults
of adverse critics," but of " a deep-seated and wholly unnecessary
sense as of a curse resting on him and on his work, whereof the
malignancy of criticism was only one of many manifestations."
It was, in fact, the result of " remorse, not perhaps for any un-
kindness, any want of attention, still less any act of infidelity on
his part, but for the far deeper wrong of failure of affection for
the one being to whom affection was due." To Mr. Hall Caine's
mind, this revelation

lifted him [RosBetti] entirely out of the character of the wayward, weak,
uncertain, neurotic person, who could put up a blank wall about his
existence because his wife had died by the accident of miscalculating
a dose of laudanum ; who could do a grave act and afterwards repent of
it and undo it [that is, the burial of the manuscript poems in his wife's
coffin] ; who could finally shut himself up as a hermit and encourage a
hundred delusions about the world because a rival poet resented his
success. Out of this it raised him into the place of one of the great
tragic figures of literature— one of the great lovers whose lives as well
as their works speak to the depth of their love or the immensity of their
remorse.

It will not be easy for every reader to enter into this view of the
matter. The drugs have much to account for, and the absence
of fresh air and of a circle of non-worshipping friends. In any
case, the description presented by Mr. Hall Caine is sufficiently
painful and repulsive. The Third Part consists of fragmentary
notes about Ruskin, Buchanan, Blackmore, and Wilkie ('ollins,
and about the author's first essays in journalism, in fiction and
drama, his visits to America, and his general reflections on the
literary life. The substantial part of the book is the detailed
account of the author's association with Rossetti ; the rest does
little more than fill out the proportions of the volume. The style
is generally simple and agreeable, and, though the author writes
in the first person and of himself, he is not by any means
unduly self-regarding.

A Mathematical Miscellany.

A Scrap Book o/ Elementary Mathematics. By William F. White,
Ph.D. (5s. net. Chicago : Open Court Publishing Com-
pany. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner, & Co.)
Beneath a modest title, which, however, in a great measure,
accurately defines the nature of the materials of Dr. White's
work, the volume liefore us contains a wealth of interesting facts,
some serious and of great educational value, others useful and
suggestive and culled from the stores of the history of mathe-
matics ; others, again, are scraps dealing with the science in its
lighter vein, as it appears in the form of puzzles. Those readers
are many and of varied tastes who may take up the volume and
expect to meet with what each, in turn, will find personally
attractive. The opening sections deal with topics calculated to
interest students of the higher arithmetic and the theory of
numbers. We give one example only in mentioning that the
author, in one of his chapters, draws attention to numbers that,
when multiplied, by successive integers reproduce, in general,
the same series of digits arranged in cyclic order : in general, for
the multipliers giving exceptional results, together with the
reason of the peculiarities observable, are duly indicated. In
connexion with this portion of his subject, the author expresses
indebtedness to a mathematician whose name is well known to
some of our readers, namely. Prof. E. B. Escott.

Excellent sections treat of the trends of arithmetic at the

Feb. 1, 1909.

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

73

present time, amongst others tlie gradual, but sure, tendency in
our day towards decimalizaiiou in Arithmetic. The anther,
liowerer, does not fail to comment on the intrinsic superiority ol:
12 over 10 as the radix of notation, if only some mighty intellect,
far in advance of his time, had been present to influence our
forefathers when making and developing their choice. The
chapter avowedly on multiplic ition of decimals, but dealing
also with division., is interesting both in its educational and
in its historical aspect, whilst, from the historian's point of
view, the pages which touch on the arithmetic of the Renais-
sance are valuable, though confined to a few notes. Teachers
will probably be helped by Dr. White's investig;ation of the true
relation which exists between axioms regarding equality and
algebraic equations, and some, perhaps, will be grateful to
him for the illustritive examples by which he proves the
ti-uth of his tenets: further, his notes on the true principle of
useful checking and on other important points in elementary
woik are worthy of careful attention. The sections on pure
m-oinetry toucli on the postulates connected with the theory of
I Kiiallels, on various puzzles of a geometrical character, and on
the celebrated problems of antiquity, namely, the trisection of an
angle or arc, the duplication of the cube, and the squaring of
the circle. Also, there is a brief reference to the geometry of
the triangle and its allied points and circles. It is impossible to
accompany Dr. White through all his sections in the course of
a Ijrief review, but no study of his book would be complete that
dill not point out the following pages and chapters. Historically
interesting is the page of reproductions of specimens of the
autographs of famous mathematicians. Educationally valuable
is t;he consideration of " Mathematical Recitation as an Exercise
ill Public Speaking." Deeply inspiring notes are struck in
tlie chapter on the nature of mathematical reasoning, whilst the
sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland as told by Dr.
White in " Alice in the Wonderland of Matliematics " is grace-
ful, imaginative, and delightful. In conclusion, the book is well
worth reading, and many who read it will, we think, wish to
possess it for the sake of some at least of its pages.

GENERAL NOTICES.

CLASSICS.
Tlie Comedies of Terence. Edited by Sidney G. Ashmore, L.H.D., Pro-
fessor of Latin In Union College, Schenectady, N.Y. (6s. Oxford
University Press, Aiuerican Branch.)
Prof. A^hinore adopts substantially Prof. Tyrrell's Clarendon Press
text ("Scriptornm Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis "), not merely
because the publishers naturally desired to have their own text annotated,
but " owing chiefly to the conviction that Dziatzko's text is, on the
whole, infeiior." Dziatzko did great things for the text, and it is no
discredit to him if a successor make further improvements ; what is
more surprising is that an American si holar should stand clear of his
colleagues ' ' who imagine that no good critical te.xt of an ancient classic
can come out of England" — which is nowadays to imagine a vain
thing. Prof. TyrreU's brief critical apparatus is given at the foot of
the page, and is very usefully supplemented by Prof. Ashmore's critical
appendixes. An extensive introduction explains and discusses in every
important aspect the history of ancient comedy, with special attention
to Terence — a very instructive and convenient essay. In the notes.
Prof. Ashmore makes Terence his own commentator, as far as possible ;
but he has, of course, avaied himself of the current literature on
Terence, as well as of much of the literature on Plautus. In the
explanation of the Latin, the notes are usually concise and pointed ;
the legal expressions miss treatment from a scholar that knows the
familiar original sources — a strangely common failing in editions of
literaiw classics. Thus, " hancmi in manum dat " (Audr., ii. 3 [i. 4]) is
slurred over, and the technical expression (whii^h is not in question here
at all) is treated inadequately, and even niisleadingly. The references
to American grammars and journals constitute a certain drawback to the
utility of the edition on this side of the water, but that may be got
over easily. The treatment is sincere and capable (with the limited
exception indicated), and the work will be very welcome in schools
where Terence is read. The typography of the Riverside Press needs
no commendation.

Select Epif/rams of Martial: Spectaculorum Liber and Books I. -VI.

Edited from the text of Prof. Lindsay by R. T. Bridge, M.A.,

and E. D. C. Clarke, MA., Assistant Masters at Charterhouse.

(Clarendon Press.)

The editors have done well in accepting the te.xt prepared by Prof.

Lindsay, apart altogether from its place in the publishers' series of

Oxford Classical Texts. The introduction furnishes a connected account

of features of Roman life that are constantly emerging in the epigrams

(Cmitinued on page 74.)

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.

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By H. A. LlDDELL. Illustrated. Is. 6d. net.

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Select List of Educational Works, List of Books set for various
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London : HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, E.C.

74

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1. 1909.

— patron aud client, legacy-hunting*, recitations, books, &c. — as well as
a sketch of Martial's life and of Ms handling of the epigram, and an
account of the public spectacles. The notes are concise : they are
mainly directed to elucidation of the thought and point of the epigrams,
but real difiSculties in the Latin are not left unexplained. Proper names
iue fully dealt with in a special index. The volume is very carefully
aiid ably edited, and will be welcomed in the upper forms of schools.
AVe noticed the second volume — Books VII. -XII. — in April, 1907.

T/ie Tern's Work in Ctassicnl Studies, 1908, edited by W. H. T>. Eouse,
M.A., Litt.D., Head Master of the Perse Grammar School, Cambridge
('2s. 6d. net, John Murray), furnishes a very convenient and most useful
record. There are eighteen chapters dealing with the progress of
classical study in as many different spheres : classical work in the
schools, excavations in Greece aud Italy, archaeology, history, grammar,
palaeography, sculpture, numismatics, religion, literature. New Testa-
ment, &c. The only subject conspicuous by its absence is Law — not the
least important of classical subjects, though too often unsatisfactorily
treated in editions of classical texts. Much of the matter is very con-
densed, indicative rather than explanatory ; but the foot-note references
come to the rescue, and we hope that the editor will be encouraged,
before many more annual issues (this is the third only), to allow his
contributoi's to be more expansive.

MATHEMATICS.

A New Geometry for Middle Forms. By S. Barnard, M.A., and J. M.
Child, B.A., B.Sc. (3s. 6d. Macmillan.)

We have in the past had occasion to notice very favourably the
treatise written by the above-named writera and entitled "A New
Geometry for Schools"— a work subsequently divided and issued,
together with a treatment of the subject of solid geometry, in two
volumes, namely " A New Geometry for Junior Forms " and " A New
Geometry for Senior Forms." The present publication contains all that
is to be found in the text-book for junior pupils and also a portion of
what is included in the volume for the senior forms. Hence the treatise
now before us is medium in its character. Including as it does the
subjects treated by Euclid in his first four Books, it may be used as an
excellent text-book for examination purposes by candidates reading for
I'niversity of London Matriculation or preparing for the Oxford and
Cambridge Junior Locals and examinations of like standard. The work
is published in very serviceable form.

Geometrii, Theoretical and Practien I. Part II. By W. P. Workman, M. A.,
B.Sc, aud A. G. Crackuell, M.A., B.Sc, F.C.P. (28. Clive.)

Part I. of this publication came before our notice a considerable time
ago, and, as a text-book which combined some of the best features of
the old and the new systems of teaching geometry, the work attracted
very favourable notice. Part II. of the treatise is a fitting sequel to
the more elenientary volume and deals (1) with the theory of areas
which forms the subject of Euclid's Second Book and the end of his
Third Book, (2) with the principal propositions on regular polygons,

(3) with the theory of ratio, proportion, and similar figures, and

(4) with more modern topics; c./?., inversion, harmonic section, and
centres of similitude. The subject of rectangular areas is treated both
by pure geometry and by algebraic methods, and, although the discussion
by either is in itself sufficient, the writers .strongly recommend that those
who use the text-book should study both. Euclid's treatment of ratio
and proportion gives place to a consideration based solely on the arith-
metical definition of a ratio and its application to conunensurable quan-
tities ; but, for the sake of completeness, a chapter on irrational numbers
is introduced at the close of the volume. The demonstrations are clear
and satisfactory and are fully illustrated by neat diagrams.

Prepiirntory Mathematics. By A. Clement Joues, M.A., Ph.D., and

C. H. Blomfield, M.A., B.Sc. (Is. 6d. Nelson.)
The ideas that form the basis of this little volume of exercises are
useful and practical. The main subject treated is arithmetic, but a first
introduction to algebra and elementary geometry finds place here also,
and supplies the teacher with the means of co-ordinating in his lessons
the various branches of preliminary mathematics. Whilst providing a
general syllabus in accordauce with which the course of instruction may
be arranged, the authors have grouped the exercises as far as possible
with respect to difficulty, and with little regard for definite order of
study. The plan has been adopted with a view to framing the pupil
to be thoughtful and self-reliant, and not to judge what rule is required
for the working out of a particular exercise from the position of the
latter in his book. A valuable principle also underlies the endeavour to
lead up informally to a fresh subject, so that the pupil may not approach
his serious work on new material without having first become more or
less familiar with its ideas and its terminology. The lines on which
the volume is written agree with rather than follow the suggestions
of the British Association Special Committee, since the reader learns
from the preface that the work was well in hand before the Report of
the Committee was i.s,sued.

SCIENCE.
Ejaiiiples in Elfmtiitari, Mechanics : I'raclical, Geographical, and Theor-
etical. By W. J. Dobbs, M.A., sometime Foundation Scholar of
St. John's College, Cambridge. (ft». Methuen.)
The volume is ' ' designed to cover the ground of an elementary course
without the nse of an accompanying text-book." The text-book is

dis].ensedwith by the insertion of brief and pointed explanations and of
fully worked examples. The examples are abundant and varied and
they are very carefully graduated. The practical exercises requiring
the u.se of apparatus (of the simplest description) are designed "either
for the pm-pose of driving home some definite principle or as requiring
the use of such a principle for their interpretation." The work has
been compiled with great labour and care, and cannot fail to be most
valuable in practice, whether with or without a text-book. Answers
are appended, and there are fifty-two diagrams.

The Principles of Mechanics. For Students of Physics and Engineering.
By Henry Crew, Ph.D., Fayerweather Professor of Physics in
North-Westem University. (6s. net. Longmans.)

Prof. Crew assumes a previous course of general physics and a course
(either concurrent or antecedent) in the Calculus. Confining the treat-
ment to such part of the subject as is common ground for the physicist
and the engineer, he "builds the discussion upon a few simple experi-
ments and upon definitions which convey at once ihe physical meaning of
the quantities defined " ; and, to reduce the inherent difficulties to a
minimum, he " treats dynamics in two analogous parts, rotational and
translational, such that if either one is given the other may be immedi-
ately deduced." A very Interesting chapter is devoted to some applica-
tions of general principles to special problems. The last chapter treats
of " Fluid Motion." The handling is simple and perspicuous ; prob-
lems and exercises are furnished ; and there are 110 figures.
First Course in Biology. Part I., Plant Biology. By L. H Bailey.
Part II., Animal Biology, and Part III., Human Biology. By
Walter M. Coleman. (Macmillan.)

This volume does not seem to fit into English school biological teach-
ing so well as into the newer American arrangements for which it is
primarily designed. "In the natural science field," we learn, "the
tendency is to attach less importance to botany and zoology and j)hy8io-
logy as such, and to lay greater stress on the processes and adaptations
of life as expressed in plants and animals aud men This tendency is
a revolt against the laboratory method and research method of the
college as it has been impressed into the common schools." The treat-
ment accordingly reverts, in the main, to descriptive and observational
methods, with a constant purpose of applying the lessons to daily life.
" The very reason for knowing plants and animals is that one may live
with them, and the reason for knowing oneself is that he may live his
daily life with some intelligence." Hence in the third part there is a
good deal of matter that one usually finds in books on hygiene. " The
book stands between the unorganized Nature study of the intermediate
grades and the fomial science of the more advanced courses," and
certainly it contains a large amount of very useful information aud sug-
gestion. There are 302 + 408 + 132 figures.

The Young Engineer ; or. Modern Engines and their Models. By Hammond
Hall. (5s.net. Methuen.)

Mr. Hall mostly leaves to Dr. Smiles and other popular writers the
stoiy of the early years of the steam engine, and restricts himself as
closely as possible to giving a clear outline of the principles of modem
engine practice. Having set in order the workshop and its furniture,
he describes the steam engine in its various forms and the locomotive
engine ; shows how to make and run model locomotives (" the most
fascinating" of all branches of model engineering, " and the one re-
quiring the greatest amount of skill and technical knowledge ") ; and
then deals with marine engines (the designs for which "illustrate the
most remarkable apijUcations of the inventive genius of the mechanic,
the greatest talent of the designing engineer, and the best work of the
engine builder"), the steam turbine, steam generators, models, and so
forth. A boy with a mechanical turn wiU catch Mr. Hall's enthusiasm
and get absorbed in his patient and lucid description of machinery and
its working. There are eighty-five illustrations.

HISTORY.

The Development of Modern Europe : an Introduction to the Study of Currn//
Historg. By James Harvey Robinson, Professor of History, and
Charles A. Beard, Adjunct Professor of Politics, in Columbia Uni-
versity. Two volumes. (6s. 6d, ea<h. Ginn.)
The authors believe that, " in general, Europe of to-day can be quite
well understood if the wonderful achievements since the opening of the
eighteenth century are properly grasped." Accordingly, they start from
Louis XIV. and the reconstruction of Europe at LTtrecht ; and the first
volume goes down to the reconstruction at the Congress of Vienna, the
second continuing the history to the present day. The standpoint is the
present, and the past is treated so as to furnish the explanation of how
the present has been evolved out of it. Occurrences that appear to have
been of merely temporary prominence have been omitted as not relevant
to the specific purpose of the work. The dependence of the nineteenth
century upon the eighteenth is emphasized: "it was the eighteenth
century which set the problems of progress and suggested their solutions,
leaving to its successor the comparatively simple task of working them
out in detail and making fuller application of them." There is somewhat
of strain in this way of characterizing the two periods, but in any case
it is well to lessen the break between the centuries that has usually been
made by the date 1789. The political and military events are aUotted a
markedly reduced space, in order to make room for a more generous
treatment of the more fundamental economic matters: "the industrial

Peb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

reTolution, commerce and the colonies, the internal reforms of the
European States, even the general advanced science, have all, so far as
possible, been given their just due." In such a large field the selection
and the handling of topics mast be severely limited, but the authors rely
for amplification and enlivenment upon the cun'cnt use of " Readings in
Modem Eui-opean History," a collection that "follows the narrative
chapter by chapter and furnishes examples of the stuff of which hietorj-
is made." We have not seen these "Readings," but no doubt they are
analogous to certain volumes of representative extracts that are fainiliar
to us— extremely useful adjuncts to historical study in schools. Here
and there the nan-ative suffers from compression, and sometimes one feels
that the outlook is not exactly from the English standpoint ; but these are
trifles in view of the clear and fluent presentation generally characterizing
the work, which is v'ery ably and judiciously executed. The maps con-
stitute a valuable feature : the fii-st volume has 22 and the second 15.
There are 21 illustrations (6 in the first volume and 15 in the second), a
dozen of them being full-page portraits of men of eminence in various
departments of public usefulness. The volumes are well printed and
strongly bound.

Messrs. Hodder & Stoughtou issue a very handy and agreeable popular
edition of A IS/iort History of Social Life in England, by M. B. Synge,
F.R.Hist.S. (3s. 6d.). It is a most interesting " .sketch of the material
conditions in which our ancestors lived. It is pre-eminently a book of
detail : it presents a brief glimpse of " their houses, their food, clothes,
manners, punishments, of their wives and children, of their gardens,
their education, with some account of the social changes that have taken
plo.ce throughout the ages." The volume, though of independent interest,
should be read in conjvmction with the ordinary history, the outlines of
which it, of course, presupposes.

RELIGtlOrS AND MORAL.
The Century Bible. — (1) Deuteronomy; Joshua. By the Rev. Prof H.
Wheeler Robinson, M.A. (2) Proverbs, Ecclesiastcs, and Song of
Solomon. By the Rev. Prof. G. Currie Martin, M. A., B.D. (2s. 6d.
net each. Jack.)

(1) The Book of Deuteronomy "can claim a iraique place in the
literature of the Old Testament, both on intrinsic and extrinsic grounds,"
which Mr. Robinson clearly explains. As to its date, " the most con-
vincing proof that the book belongs to an age much later than the
Mosaic Ues in the cumulative force of the reconstruction of the history of
Israel's religion, afforded by many independent data " : Mr. Robinson
concludes that the central part of it must have been wi'itten either in the
long reign of Manasseh or in the earlier part of the reign of Josiah
(637-6U8), the latter date being perhaps the more probable. The sections
of the Introduction dealing with the Deuteronomic legislation and the
Deuteronondc religion are very able and instructive. On the former
subject constant reference is made in the notes to the laws of Hammur-
abi, "which are of the greatest importance for the interpretation of
Hebrew law, with which they are closely related, if not as direct source,
yet certainly as deveL )ped from a common origin and amongst a related
people." The ti'eatment of "Joshua" is also remarkably capable and
illuminating. The volume will rank among the vei-y bestof the excellent
series.

(2) The three books of Mr. Martin's volume exemplify " the lighter
side of Jewish literature": "two of them are strictly poetic in form,
while the third contains many passages of exquisite poetic prose." The
introductions handle discreetly and shrewdly the very difficult questions
of the origin, character, and purpose of the books ; and the notes con-
tribute immensely to the proper understanding of the text, a special
feature being liberal illustration from widely different literary sources.
Mr. Martin has done his work with great abiUtj' and resourcefulness in
the face of multiplied difficulties. His volume will be most welcome to
all serious students of the books.

Select Readings from tl'C Psalms for family and private use, by Joseph
B. Mayor (Ss. 6d. net, Murray), have been compiled on the priuciple of
" the exclusion of whatever is not in haraionj^ with the higher revelation
of the New Testament." The principle is fully explained and Ulustrated
in an able and channing preface. The Readings are given in two forms,
the Prayer Book Ver.sion and the Revised Version being placed on
oppo.site pages. The type is large and agreeable.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The '■ Knoioledge" of the Circular Slide-Rale Calculator, designed by
Major B. Baden-Powell and published from the office of Knowledge
(27 Chanc.;ry Lane, W.C.), is a simple appliance enabling one " very
rapidly to obtain approximate results, even with large figures, in multi-
phcation and division," and to find promptly the equivalents of English
and foreign measures. One can readily appreciate the difficulty of pro-
ducing the apparatus in such a simple and practical form. (3s. 6d. ;
postage, 2d.)

Messrs. George Philip & Son issue a Graphic Globe (Is. 6d. net), care-
fully designed, fully and clearly lettered and turning on a tilted axis
fixed on a brass tripod. Also a Slaie Graphic Globe (Is. 6d. net), without
lettering, but with black-.slated surface like a blackboard (the land in
white), on which chalks or pencils may be used. Mounted on a black
polished .stand. Both forms may be very usefully applied in the teach-
ing of elementary geography.

FROM GINN & COMPANY'S LIST.

GOOD HEALTH.

By F. G. JEVTETT.

Revised for use in English Schools by ALICE RAVENHILL,
F.R.San.I., Lecturer London University Extension Board.
Designed for pupils from ten to twelve years of age, treating of
hygiene rather than anatomy or physiology, special emphasis being
laid upon pei'sonal hygiene .

Fully Illustrated. 171 pages. Price Is. 6d.

THE MOTHER TONGUE.

By G. li. KITTREDGE and S. L,. ARNOLD.

BOOK I, — Speciallv revised for use in English Schools by
JOHN W. ADAMSON, B.A., Professor of Education,
Kmg's CcUege, Loudon. LESSONS IN SPEAKING,
READING, AND WRITING ENGLISH, xiv + 294 pages.

Illustrated. Price Is. 6d.

Opitiluns uj' His JJaJesti/'s Itispectors:

•• I should bs very glad to see it in use in aU our schools."

" I do not know of any better method of teaching English than

that so carefuUy developed in ' The Mother Tongue.' "

"The most practical text-book I know for teaching the Mother

Tongue."

BOOK II. ~- ELEMENTARY ENGLISH GRAMMAR,
WITH LESSONS IN COMPOSITION. sxii + 417 pages.

Price 3s.

BOOK III. — ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH COMPOSI-
TION. xx+i:il piiges. Price 4s. 6d.

SELECTIONS from STANDARD FRENCH

AUTHORS. Kditcil hv O. Tl. (JiEKLAC. Sclfctions frniii the works ol"
such writers as Molicre, Pascal, La Fontaine. Victor Hugo, Bossuet, Voltaire,
Rousseau, and Renan. With Notes, Vocabulary, and Biographical Sketches.
220 pages. Price 2s. 6d.

DIX CONTES MODERNES. Edited by H. A.

Potter. Specimens of em-rent French with EiikIisIi Paraphrases at end of
book for retranslation. 95 pages. Price Is. 6d.

CLUCK AUF. A First German Reader.

By 11. JIiiLLEE and C. Wenckebach. Jntended primarily for beginners.
The central idea ot the liook is to introduce the student at once to facts,
ideas, and sentiments, which are in close relation to German life. 235 pages.
Price 3s.

FIRST YEAR GERMAN. By W. C. Collar.

The aim of this lii.>k iv t,, |;i\ iin m orderly progression for beginners,
having not less tl 1.1 II imn Ii ^snn-- ,1 week, one year's work in speaking, read-
ing, and writing (i.-niKin. 'IMi.' lacts :iiul usa^e of the language are exhibited
first in each lesson ; t lien follow observations, rules, and practice. Selections
in prose and. poetry are freely interspersed, and at the end of the book are
massed to the amount of forty pages. 336 pages. Price 4s. 6d.

MATERIALS FOR PRACTICAL GERMAN

CONVERSATION. Ivlilcd. with iiilrodiu-lin]]. N.,t.-s, and Vocal mlary,
1>V L. Fossi.EK. An altc]iil)t I" sumHnid tlji- laipil wUli an atmosyhclv of
everyday (-Icrman as actually siHikcn. 255 i;agi's. Pnc- 5s.

ELEMENTARY GERMAN FOR SIGHT

TRANSLATION. Ky R. C. FoKli. Planned for nsc as soon as classes are
able to take up easy rc'adillg. 43 pages. I'licc Is.

THE BLAISDELL PHYSIOLOGIES.

THE CHILD'S BOOK OF HEALTH. A Fust

Book of Hytriene, presenting i-asy lessons for Junior Classes. Is.
A Supervisor of Schools says : " A book to be read by every boy and girl
of ten years and upwards."

HOW TO KEEP WELL.

replete wilh Suggcstiuns for ■ri'.aclicrs. 1

OUR BODIES, AND HOW WE LIVE. Simple

in style, with no attempt at scientilic discussion. Adapted for the Higher
Standards. Price 3s.

HOW TO TEACH PHYSIOLOGY. Handbook

Simple, teacliable, and

GINN & COMPANY, 9 St. Martin's Street, W.C.

76

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

FIRST GLANCES.

Classics.

Latin Prose, An Introduction to. By George W. Mitchell, M.A.,
Assistant Professor of Latin and Greek, Queen's University,
Eangston, Ontario. 3s. 6d. Macmillan.

[Presents a method " by which the student may be trained from
the very beginning to look beyond words to ideas." "Construc-
tions and idioms are introduced as rapidly as the average student
is capable of mastering them, and grammatical forms are reduced to
a minimum."' Abundance of exercises. Practical.]

Latin Reader, A. By W. King Gillies, M.A. Glas., B.A. Oxon., Senior
Classical Master in the High School of Glasgow, and Hector J.
Anderson, M.A. Edin., B.A. Oxon., Inspector of Training
Colleges, Cape Colony. 2s. BeU.

[Verse and prose ; good matter chosen from wide ai"ea. Provides
"easy and interesting reading for the second and third years. ' '
Some pertinent notes added ; vocabulary. Very useful.]

Latin Reading Book, A, "in usum Tironum." By the Rev. E. D.
Stone, formerly Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Assistant
Master at Eton. l.s. 6d. Macmillan.

[Prose (52 pieces) and poetry (34). Interesting matter in
sufficiently idiomatic Latin ; some verse passages are translations of
English poems, placed opposite ; selections from Virgil partly given
by reference. Very attractive and practically serviceable collection.]

MATIffiMATICS.

By M. Eastwood, B.Sc,

.Arithmetic, A Complete. By M. Eastwood, B.Sc, formerly Lecturer
in Education in the University of Liverpool, and J. Lightfoot, D.Sc.,
M.A. 4s. net. Ralph, Holland, & Co.
[Abimdant exercises ; answers.]
Arithmetic, Con-elated, Pitman's. By T. "VV. Trought, B.A., He.ad
Master, Camden Street Council School, Binningham, formerly
Lectiu'er in Mathematics, &c., at Chester Training College.
Book IV., 3id. Book III., Answers, Notes, Oral work, &c.,
is. 3d. net.
Arithmetic, Girls', McDougaU's. Book I. (Teachers') — for Class IV.,
Is. 3d. net.

[Exercises oral and mental ; practical problems. Answers.]
Arithmetic, Practical, Examples in : based upon Consterdine and
Andi-ew's "Practical Arithmetic."' Compiled by J. L. Martin.
Part II., 6d. MuiTay (School Librai-y).
[Varied, practical ; serviceable.]
Arithmetic, Short Methods in. By M Eastwood, B.Sc, and J. Light-
foot, D.Sc, M.A. Is. 3d. net. Ralph, Holland, & Co.

[Compiled by Mr. J. E. Dean, on the basis of the authors' "A
Complete Arithmetic ' ' (see above) . ]
Arithmetic, Special Method in. By Charles A. McMmTy, Ph.D. Ss.
net. Macmillan.

[Explains purpose of teaching arithmetic, outlines fully a course
of study, and discusses and illustrates the method of handling some
of the chief topics.]
Calciilus, Differential and Integral. By Daniel A. Murray, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Applied Mathematics in McGill University. 7s. 6d.
Longmans.

[Matter mainly from Prof. Murray's "Infinitesimal Calculus,"
with additions, and considerably altered treatment.]
Geometry, InteiTnediate : Experimental, Theoretical, and Practical. By
Alexander Leightou, M.A., B.Sc, E.E.I.S., Senior Mathematical
Master, Morgan Academy, Dundee. Is. 6d. Blackie.

[For bctrinners ; " such a course as would form a suitable curri-
culum in elementary' geometry in higher- grade or secondary schools."
Examples numerous and good ; answers.]
Geometry, Priijective, An Introduction to. By L. N. G. Filon, M.A.,
D.Sc, Fellow and Lecturer of University College, London, Ex-
aminer in Mathematics to the University of Lond<in. 7s. 6d.
Edward Ai'uold.

[Theory of conic sections on modem lines.]
Logarithms, ABC Five-Figure, for General Use. By C. .1. AVood-
ward, B.Sc 3e. net. Spon.

[Second edition. Explanatory introduction ; elaborately con-
trived for convenience ; substantially got up.]
Mathematics, Pure, A Course of. By G. H. Hardy, M.A., Fellow and
Lecturer of Trinity College, Cambridge. 12s. net. Cambridge
University Press.

[Primarily for first-year University students of " scholarship
standard." Considerable space given to discussion and application
of fundamental ideas of the calculus. " EeaUy elementary."]

Feench axd Gekmak.
German Reader, Historical. By J. E. Mallin, Assistant at Strand
School, King's College, London. 2s. George BeU.

[Interesting passages representing the various periods of German
history. Brief notes'; vocabulary ; illustrations. Very useful.]

Le Franc;ai8 Parle et Ecrit : Livre des Commeuf;ants. By A. Stallworthy,
M.A. , Royal Grammar School, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 3s. 6d. Murray
(French Coursei.

[" For the lower forms of the ordinary secondary school." Com-
bines a progressive conversation course with a graduated grammar
course. " Aims at laying a solid foundation of cultured colloquial
French." Phonetics made auxiliary to the lessons. Immense scope
for practice. Excellent.]

Plays, French, for Children. (1) Dans le Royaume des Fees: a second
series (4 plays) by Violet Partington, Brevetee, French Mistress at
the Queen's College School, &c. Horace Marshall. (2) La Belle
au Bois Dormant. By Ellen C. Hainsselin, Blackheath High
School. Music by R. Waddy, A.E.C.O. (31 Le Chalet Poucinet.
By Mrs. J. G. Frazer. (4) Le Chevalier du Guet. By E. Magee,
Edgbastou High School for Girls, Binningham. With Music.
(6) Le Petit Grand-Pere et la Petite Grand'-Mere. Par Kate
Weber. Diplumee de la Sorbonne et de la Guilde Internationale,
Paris (traduction franijaise par A. Bourdass, Diplomee de la Sor-
bonne et de la Guilde Internationale. Paris). (6) Cendrillon. By
E. Magee. (7) Fleiu- de Neige. By Ellen C. Hainsselin. (8) Le
Petit Chaperon Rouge. By Ellen C. Hainsselin. Music by
E. Waddy. ('J) Le Petit Poncet. By EUen C. Hainsselin. Music
by R. Waddy. 4d. each. Blackie (Little Plays for Acting or
Class Reading! .

[Very engaging and effective.]
Sprache und Literatur, Das Wissenschaftlische Studium der deutsohen :
ein Wegeiser fiir Studircnde. Von Dr. Phil. Heinz Hungerland,
z.z. Lektor der deutschen Sprache an der Universitiit zu Lund.
1 kr. (or 1.12 M.). MijUer (Lund).

[Brief guide to students in all departments— much too brief.
Reprinted from the " Skaudinavisk Manadsrevy for Undervisning
i de tre hufudspraken."]

Religious and Mokal.

Bible Lessons for Schools: (1) Genesis; (2) Exodus. By E. M. Knox-
Principal of Havergal College, Toronto. Is. 6d. each Macmillan,
[' ' Each lesson contains the story of one or more chapters, together
with the moral and spiritual truths most clearly to be deduced from
them." Though tfid, careful, simple. Broad treatment of Exodus
specially noteworthy ; seven illustrations.]
Bible Narrative, The Child's. Cassell.

[Broad outline ; in the words of the Authorized Version. Elus-
trated. Very suitable for children.]
Children, The Religious Education of. By the late Rev. James Ci'an-

brook, Edinburgh. 2d. Watts.
Christ, A Child's Life of. By Mabel Dearmer. 6s. Methucn.

[Simple and attractive. S coloured illustrations.]
Domesticated Workers, Facts concerning. By E. M. W. Printed by
G. Russell, 77 Fleet Street, E.C.

["Majority are not treated in a Christian-like way."]
Euoharistic Congress, The. What does it Mean ? By the Rev. E. W.
Moore, M.A. Id. South Africa General Mission (17 Homefield
Road, Wimbledon). Booklet Series, No. 35.
Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther. Edited by George Carter, M.A., F.R.G.S. ,
Held Master of New College School, Oxford. Is. 6d. Relfe
Brothers.

[Introductions and notes careful and useful.]
Father's Hints to his Son. By Arthui- Ryder. Jersey: Bigwood.
Wholesale : Bartlett (Warwick Lane, E.C).
[Brief, pointed, and sensible.]
Israel in the Bible and in History. Bv WiUiani Pumfrey. Preface by
the Rev. A. Herbert, M.A. S'd. net. Banks (Racquet Court,
Fleet Street, E.C).

[" 5.39 verses from the Bible, with introductory remarks. J

Josephus. Edited by S. E. AVinbolt, M.A. Is. 6d. Blackie. _

[The " .\utobiography " and selections from the " Jewish War. J
Man : the Prodigy and Freak of Nature ; or. An Animal run to Brain.

ByKeridan. 6d.net. Samm-ai Press (Cranleigh, Surrey).

[New edition, revised and enlarged. The author (if we mistake

not) is Head of a large school and M.C.P. Shi-ewd points ; latter

part on education.]
Methuen's Junior School Books. (1) The Gospel according to Luke,

edited by W. WilUamson, B.A. (2) The First Book "f Kings,

edited by A. E. Ruble, D.D., Head Master of Eltham College.

' [Judicious and instnictive introductions, notes, and appendixes
3, and 4, maps. Very useful.]
Old Testament Histoiy, narrated for the most part in the words of the
Bible. Selected and ananged by George Carter, M.A., Head Master
of New CoUege School, Oxford. 2s. Clarendon Press.

rVerv well done ; tendency conservative. Useful notes ; half-a-
dozen liiaps. Good summary of the Hebrew legislation appended.]

Feb. 1, 19D9.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

MATHEMATICS.

16471. (V. Daniel, B.Sc.)— A line CPQR ...
is drawn from one angle of a triangle, as in the
Kgiire, each (it + 2)-th portion terminated by the
n-th portion, and is such that the ratio in which
each portion of the line divides the angle from
which it starts is alternately tan- a or cot" o, a
lieiug a constant. If e„ denote the 7i-th angle
so divided, and <p„ its complement, show that

(1) <C, = 0,

(2) p„sine„ = j)„_i sin (fl„co.^-a)— j)„_3--;in (fl„sin"a),

where 7J„ is the perpendicular from C on the li-th portion of the Une.
Will any solver contribute a method of determining the co-ordinates of
the limiting point '?

Solution by M. T. Naeanii'.ngab, M.A.
Let P„P„ , 1 be the n-th por-
tion of the line. Draw OL,
OM parallel to the lines con-
taining ft,,, and ON perpen-
dicular to P,.P„»i. Then,
obviously,

p„ = ON = sum of the projec-
tions of OM, MP,,
= K sin (9„ cos^ a)

-^ h sin (e„ sin- a) .
^„ _ 1 = h sin 0„
p„-3 = K sin 9„ .

But
and
Hence

p„ sin e„ = 75,,. 5 sin (e„ cos' a) +2>n-i sin (9„ sin^o).
With a convention of signs as regards the perpendiculars (as in
Statics), we see that j)„_i = + , l^n =—, and jj„_3 = — ; therefore the
above relation may be written

2)„ sinfl,, = p„-3Sin(S„ cos"a)— ^„_i sin(S„ sin' a).
Note. — The Question requires modification accordingly.
Tlw following Solution is due to the Pkoposer.
(1) Abbreviating cos- a and sin-o to c^ and s", wc have by external
angle property it— e„ = fl„.ic-+ 9„_-2S-

alternating c- and s- for odd and even values of n.
Therefore <pu + tfn-ic" + tpn-is- = 0,

<t>»-\-^ (pn--2S' + €J)„.s,C- = 0,

</)„-2 + <f>u-3c"-i-i^„.,s- = 0;
<pit + (1 — cV) 0,1 -■.-^ c-s-(f>„_4 = 0 ;

<pu — ^<pu-i = f^{(pn-l—>^<pn-i),

where fi and X are the roots of x- + {l—c-s')x + c-s- = 0;
therefore ■}>„ — ft</),._.; = A^" (cfi,— ,n(f>-o), taking n even,

<p„-\<p„.-2 = l^^"(<l>o — '^<P-2), ,, ,,

therefore (ix — \)>p„-i = /i-" (cp,,— A<()_2) — a4"(^o— M"/"-';)-

Since jn — a:/:0 and ij. and \ are proper fractions, we deduce
Lt [i^„-d„=« = 0.
(■2) Let the "perpendicular" equations of three co-intersecting lines
at P„ be a;cosa.„ + ysinw„— ^j„ = 0, a:cosw„-i -(■ y siniu„-i— 2J„-i=0,

X eosa)„_3-l-?/sino)„-3— i^).-3 = 0.
The eliminant is

p„ sin (io„ - 1 - tti„ - i) -jJ,, -1 sin (w„ - w„ .;) -p„ _ 3 sin (a.,. _ , - a>„) = 0.

therefore
therefore

pendiculars drawn from any origin C, we get

J)„ sine,,— j;„_i sin(e„ cos-a)— jj"-3sin (9„ sin-a) = 0.
This agrees with Mr. Naraniengar's first equation, and (2) must be
restated thus in the Question :

p. sin e,. = 2.,. . , sin ■' e„ <="": » !- +p„_> sin ( 9„ ""K " ' ,
^ " J-" • ( " sni- a ) '^ [ cos- a )

sin- o and cos- a. being interchanged for odd and even values of n.

16524. (Professor Mokley.) — A triangle sets up in its plane a
Cremona transformation by taking the polar line of any point. Given
in a plane a Desargues configuration (the complete figure of two per-
spective triangles), xjrove that there are co" such transformations which
will send the ten points of the configuration into the ten lines on five
points.

Solution hy Professor Nanson.

A Desargues configuration is determined by the meets with a fixed
plane -or of the lines and planes joining five fixed points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in
space. Denote the point in which the join of p, q cuts w by pj.
Then the four points fp, tq, tr, ts and an arbitrary point L in isr deter-
mine a conic St. If x, y, z ; u, v, w are the sides of the triangle 41,
42, 43 ; 51, 52, 53, the conies S,, So, S3 are clearly given by
II ux' vy' wz' II _ f)
II 11! X v'y w'z 1 1
where dashes denote values at L. The form of these equations shows
that S,, S.., S3 have three points in common. Similarly, S,, So, 84
have three points in common. These two sets of common points must
be identical because both are on S,, S.>, whilst 12, one of the four points
common to S,, S.,, is not on either 83 or 84. Thus Sj, S., S3, 84 have
three points in common, and similarly 81, 8^,, S3, S5 have three points
in common, and as before, the two sets of common points must be
identical, so that Si, So, S3, Sj, 85 have three points in common.

Taking these three points as reference points the quadric trans-
formation or triangular inversion

x' '. y' : z' = yz : zx : xy
sends the conies Si, So, S3, 84, S5 into five straight lines. An inter-
change of point and line co-ordinates now sends these five lines into
five points, and therefore sends the ten points pq into the ten lines
joining five points. The two transformations make up the Cremona
transformation specified, and since the point L can be taken anywhere
in the plane tir there are 00 - such transformations.

Interpreting this result with the help of a figure showing the pcr-

16527. (Professor Sakjana, M.A.) — The small circle described about
a spherical triangle ABC meets the great circles bisecting internally
and externally the angle A in the points P, P'. Prove that

cot iPP' = ^/[cot' R + J tan'- R sin= (B -C)] ,
and give the analogous result in piano.

Solution by W. Rigby, M.A.

Let 0 be the centre of the ciroum-
circle of triangle ABC.

Then ZOAP = iA-(S-C)

= iA-iA-iB + |C
= i(C-B),
and I 0.\P' = I (C-B) +90°.
Let AF -= X and AP' = x'.
Then, from triangle OAF,

cot R sin a; = cos^ (C — B)(l -l-cos j') ;
therefore

tan |x = cos | (B — G) tan R.
Similarly from triangle OAF', tan Jx' = sin i (B-
From triangle FAF', cos PP' = cos x cos x' ;

/ / Ijf 00 sFF" \ _ / / l + cosacos.r' \
Vvi-cosFP'/ ~ V U-cosxcosi-W
/ 1 -H tan- |:c tan- ^x' \
\ tan- ^x + tan- ^x' I
1 -H siu= i (B-^C) c^s- 1 (B-C)tan<R \
tan- R /

= A/[cot=R + isin=(B-C)tan--R,j.

The analogous theorem in piano is |PP' = R, where F, F' are the
points of intersection of the bisectors of the angle BAC with the
circum-circle of the triangle ABC.

10525. (Professor Wolstenholme, M.A., 8c. D.)— The pedal of the
parabola 1/'-' = iax is taken with regard to the point (X, Y) ; prove
(i.) that the three inflexions of the pedal lie on the straight line
a;(3a.-t-X)-;/Y + X(a-X) = 0;

therefore cot iPF'

78

THE PJDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

al30 (ii.) that, if from each inflexion P be drawn a straight line Fp
touching the pedal in jj, a, conic can be drawn touching the pedal in
the three points 71, and this conic will touch the nodal tangents.

Solution by G. N. Watson, B.A.
(i.) The equation of any tangent to the parabola is

y = mx + a/m (1).

The perpendicular from (X, Y) on this line is

(Y-j/)to + (X-x) = 0 (2).

Solving (1) and (2), we get

X = [m{mY + X)-am]l[m(l + m-)]. y = [m- (wY + X) + a]/[m {1 + 7n-)],
as the co-ordinates of any point on the pedal ; the pedal is, accordingly,
a unicursal cubic ; it has a node (not a cusp, unless Y- = 4aX).

Now, if a: = V,U, 1/ = W U, U, V, W being any functions of )ii, the
condition (Py/dx- = 0 can be written in the form
U, V, W = 0,
U, V, w
U, V, w
dots denoting differentiations with respect to m. Hence the parameters
of the points of inflexion on the pedal are the roots of

\m(mY + X)-am, m"-{mY + X) + a, m{l + m^)\=0.

imY + X-a, ra(3mY + 2X), 1 + 3m'

I 2Y, 6mY-l-2X, 6m 1

This reduces to

m^ (X- + Y--aX) -3am-Y + 3a (a-X) m + aY = 0 (3).

The parameters of the points where La: + Mj/ + N = 0 cuts the cubic
are the roots of the equation

»«3(MY + N)-'-iH--(LY" + MX) + ra(N + LX-nL)-i-aM = 0 (4)

3) and (4) are identical if

M = Y, L = -3a-X, N = X (X-n).
Hence the inflexions lie on the line

3;(3a + X)-2/Y + X{a-X) =0.

(ii.) This is a descriptive property and is unaltered by any number
of projections. It is true for all nodal cubics.

Any nodal cubic can be conically projected into y- = x-{x + c).
And this can, by two orthogonal projections, be projected into

y- = x'{x + l) ...- (5).

The inflexions of this curve are at [-|, T(4i/3 ^/3)], infinity. The tan-
gent to (.5) at [(m--l), m{m--l)] is 2my-x (Sm"--1) * {m'-l)' = 0.
This passes through one of the finite inflexions if m = =F J ^S.

Hence the projections of the points pi, p.2 corresponding to the finite
inflexions are (-4, ±4ii/3), and the tangents to the cubic thereat are

6x=Fi^/3y + 8 = 0 (6).

The projection of the third point P3 is (-1, 0) and the tangent to the
cubic thereat is x + 1 =0.

Now consider the conic y- = 2{x + l) {ax + b). It passes through p,
and the tangent there is x + 1 =0. It touches the nodal tangents,

y = ± X, provided that {a + b)- + -2b = 0 (7).

It passes through jj,, p.;, provided that

b-ia = 8 (8).

And the tangents atp,,^)^ are those given by (6), provided that

A(7a-6)=-5, A(4n-H26)=-8 (9).

The four conditions (7), (8), and (9) are all satisfied by taking a = —4,
6 = —8, which proves the theorem ; the conic required for the cubic
y- = a;' (x + 1) being y- + 8 {x + 1) (a: -H 2) = 0.

16510. (Professor E. Heknasdez.) — Z nombres a,b...lc,l etant
donnas, si on forme le tableau

a, '2a, 3a ... la\

b, 26, -ib ...lb[

tableau (1), car il est facile de voir, qu'en remplai;ant I par dtji on a
qia, 2gia ... {d—l)gia, la,
(Jib, 2(iib ... {d-l)g,b, lb,

<j,k. 2g,k ... (d-l)gik,lk.

(1)

7;, 2/v, 3k. ..Ik)

il y aura autant de colonnes dont tons les nombres sont des multiples
do I qu'indique le plus grand commun diviseur des nombres a, b, c.l.

Solution by tlie Pboposeb.
d etant le plus grand commun diviseur de a, 6 ... Z, on a
a = dg„ b = dg« ... k = dgt-i, I = dgt.
Or, on a que Ig^, 2lgj ... {d — 1) Igi, dlg^,

Ig., 2lg, ... (d-l)lg„ dlg^,
Igi-t, 2lgi-i ... (d — l)lgi-\, dlgi.,
sont des nombres qui se correspondent, en formant d colonnes dans le

JVotes on the Din'.ii.m of Decimals.
I. By 3. Hartley Pudge, M.A. (Lond.).

Mr. Bell's method of division of decimals in your December number
admits, I think, of being made more easily intelligible to the youngest
pupil than he has left it. What objection can there be to the pre-
liminary step of multiplying divisor and dividend by a sufficient number
of tens to make the divisor a whole niunber ? The use 01 the phrase
" shifting the point so many places" I would not allow; but when the
pupil is allowed, in dividing by 5|, to reduce both numbers to halves
first, why deny him this particular short cut?

Jlr. Bell says that the division is proceeded with as in simple
division, but with a very important saving clause, the awkward ex-
planation of which may well be spared the pupil. Were he dividing
by short division he would expect to put his quotient figirre down first,
thus: 385)28-9905

•07
But, as he needs the space beneath to show the working, the master has
only to suggest that the quotient be written above, and the position of
the first figure needs no further explanation.

II. By B. C. Wadlis, F.C.P., B.Sc. (Econ.).

The note by Mr. A. H. Bell, B.Sc., on the teaching of division of
decimals seems to me to be but a variant for the mechanical process
usually employed ; i.e., it depends upon artificial placing of the figures.
May I suggest that it is equally easy to separate the two essential parts
of division of decimals ; (i.) the significant figures, (ii.) the place value
of those figures ?

This is done by training the pupils to find a first approximation to
the answer, an operation which settles the question of place value.

Consequently, the decimal point disappears from the division process,
which can be carried as far as is convenient.

The method prepares the way for later work and trains the child to
a habit of first approximation which tends to accuracy.

E.g., to divide 4-0875 by 0-075.

Step 1.— (Mental). Roughly 408 -h 7, i.e„ over 50 ; therefore the
answer is roughly 50.

Step 2.— 75 ) 40875

545

or 3 ) 40875

25 ) 13625

545 Aus. 54-5
or bv long division.

Note by Professor San.taxa,
M.A.

In The Educational Times
for December, 1908, my solu-
tion, marked (II.), of Question
16449 requires a separate
figure, which I give below.
Also, " L," at end of first
line, should be "Lj."

The hexagon is shown in
thick lines.

16514 [& 16550 which is identical with 10514]. (R. F. Davis, M.A.)
— Factorize algebraically

(1) 4a;6 + 2a^x -t- a", (2) a;'-2aV-(-fiS

and thence write down the factors of 4,000,021 and 9,800,001.

Solutions (I.) by T. Stuaet, M.A., D.Sc, and Prof. E. B. Escott ;
(II.) by Lt.-Col. Allan Ccnkingham, R.E., and James Blaikie,
M.A. ; (III.) by W. Rigby, M.A., and T. K. Venkataraman, M.A.

= {2x' + a-x + a')-—(ax)- {2x + a)'
= {2x'*2ax' + 2a-x + a^)(2j^-2a.T'- + a^).
This gives for .r = 10, a = 1, 4,000,021 = 1801.2221.

(III.) by
(I.) (i.) 4.r« + 2(t''x + a''

Feb. 1, 1909 ]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

79

(A — a) (x^ + ax- + a') {x^ — n-.r - a') ,
■■ ;-)^ 367. 989 = 3^23.43.367.

(ii.) a;' — 2a.-a^» + a^

giving for x = 10, a = 1,

9,800,001

Note. — These are only two of an infinite number of similar trinomial
expressions which can be algebraically factoi-ized. A list of binary
trinomial forms (2"±2''±1) which can be algebraically factorized
appeared in the Messenger of Mathematics (New Series, No. 437,
September, 1907). More general forms (from which these are
deducible) are : —

(1) 3^ + xi/ + y^ = {x- + xy + y-){x^-x-y + y'),
1:2) i3f — x'y' + y'= (2x'' + xy + y^)(2x^ — x-y—xy- + 7j^),

( 3) 8x' + 2xhf + y' = (2x^ — 2xy + y^) (4a;-* + ix°y + 2xy' + i^) ,

(4) 8x^+2xy^—i/ = {2x-—2xy + y-)(4:X* + ixhj + 2x'y-—y'),

(5) 16x*-x:-y" + y* = (4:X--3xy + y^){ix^ + 3xy + y-),

(6) ix'^ + 8x^>f + y'- = (23;'=— 4x^2/ + 4k V- 2a; V + /')

X (2x^ + ix^y + ix*y^ + 2x'y' + y'),

(7) x'^-Sx^y'^ + iy^ = {x''+2x^y + 2x"-y" — 2y'){x*~2xhj + 2x-y--2y^),

(8) 16x^ — 4 j;-')/'' + 1/" = (4x< - 4x^1/ + 2x-y- — 2xy^ + y*)

X {ix* + ix'y + 2x'y'' + 2xy^ + i/^) ,
|9) ix^ -i- r'y* + iy^ = {2x* — 2x^y + xhj'''—2xy-' + 2y')

X (2a;' + 2x^y + x-y- + 2xy^ + 2y*), ....

(II.) It will suffice to express each number (N) in the form
N = P--Q-, whereby at once N = (P-Q)(P + Q).

(1) N = ix'' + 2a'x + a'^ = (2x^ + a^x + a')- - [ax {2x + a)]-.
Ex. 4000021 = 4.10" r2.1M0+l= = 2011^-210- = 1801.2221.

(2) N = x' — 2a-a;" + a' = (x— o) {x^ + x°a— x'a^— x'a' — x'a' — xa^ — a'}

= (x—a) {(x' + Jx-a - J.ca-)- — (|x-a + J.rrt^+ <i')^}

= (x-a)(P-^-Q^).
Ex. 9800001 = 107 - 2 . 1 . 10» + 1? = 9 (10452 - 56=)

= 9.989.1101 = 9 (23. 43) (3. 367).
To Dr. Stuart's interesting collection might be added :
(a) x* + x-y- + y* = (x^—xy + y^{x^ + xy + y°).

(3) x*—3x-y' + 9y' = (x'- — 3xy + 3y^){x'- + 3xy + 3y-).

(7) x^ + I'Jx'y' + 4?/ = (x' — 2xy + 2 j/-) (x- + 2xy + 2y-) (2x- — 2xy + y^)
[Best in Beprint.] x (2x^ + 2xy + y^) .

16541. (C. E. YouNGMAN, M.A.) — Across two given circles B, C,
through the point A common to both, draw that chord PAQ which
makes the area PBCQ maximum.

Solution by W. P. Beard, M.A.

Let P'AQ' be a position
adjacent to the position
PAQ of maximum area.

Then

area PAP' = area QAQ'
ultimately, and

Z.PAP' = Z.QAQ';
therefore AP = AQ
in the maximum position.

To draw such a chord
join the centres E, P. Bi-
sect BP at G.

Draw PAQ perpendicular to GA, and the proof is obvious.
N.B. — The Proposer meant to denote the centres as well as the
circles by B, C ; it makes a different question to the one solved.

16458. (C. M. Ross.) — Prove that the value of the determinant
j 1 + •<;-, X, 0, 0,

IX, 1 + x', X, 0,
0, X, 1 + X-, X,

of the TOth order is 1 + x= + x' + . . . + x'-'" .

Additional Solution by Prof. Nanson.
Denoting the determinant by m,„, we have

u,„ = (1 + x=) %i,„ _ 1 — x-u,„ _ 2 ;
therefore m»i— m„,-i = x"(m„,_i — «„,_;) = x-'" ;

therefore u,„ = 1 + x= + x< + . . . + x'"'.

aTJESTIONS FOB BOLUTION.

In Question 1G581 (see Educational Times, .January, 1909), note
that ?i<f 1.

18584. (.4. Thompson.) — A gravitating mass of density p is bounded
by the planes y = ±Bx, .x=±o, 3=±c. Find the components of
attraction at a point (f, »?, Q, the squares and higher powers of 8 being
negligible, especially considering the cases (i.) when a becomes infinite,
(ii.) when c becomes infinite, (iii.) when both a and c become infinite.

16385. (Communicated by " Pbanqois.") — Prom a balloon which is
travelling horizontally eastward at the rate of 12 ft. per second at a
vertical height of 500 ft., a ship is observed due south of the balloon,
the angle of depression being 45°. One minute later the same ship is
observed to be due south-east of the balloon, the angle of depression
being 30°. Pind the velocity and direction of motion of the ship.
(Univ. of London, B.Sc. Ex., 1908, Pure Maths.)

16586. (Professor Neubebg.) — Integrer I'equation

xyy" + xy''—yy' =0.

16587. (Professor E. B. Escott.) — Pactorize

14s + 14* + l, 78-^2.7'i*l, 7"'-^2.7'-^ 1, 7^ -^ 7= . 2'' + 2=1=.

16588. (Professor Sanjana, M.A.) — Show how to obtain solutions
of equalities of the form (x •l-a)(x-t- 6)(c±x) = D, for given numerical
values of a, 6, c. Exs. (x-H 3)(.T + 12)(13-x) and (3-x)(x + 12)(x-i- 13).

16589. (Professor E. Hebnandez.) — On donne la suite des nombres
1, 2, 5, 12, 29, ..., dont ?(„ = '2u,t-\ -hm,i-2, est la loi deformation. On
aura : (1) Deux termes consecutifs et au plus trois, auront toujours le
meme nombre de chiffres. (2) La somme des ?i — 2 premiers termes
augmentee de la somme des re — 1 premiers termes plus 1, est egal au
terme de rang m. (3) Le carre d'un terme de la suite est egal au pro-
duit augmente ou dimiuue de 1, du terme qui precede par celui qui
suit. (4) Le terme u<,,+i est egal a la somme des carres des termes
consecutifs Up . 1 et Up. (5) Si des restes obtenues dans la recherche du
plus grand commun diviseur de a et b, par la methode abregee, c'est a
dire, en faisant toujours que chaque reste soit plus petit que la moitic
du diviseur, on en trouve deux consecutifs, compris entre «„ti et u,„
on n'en trouve point entre u,,-^ et u„. (6) Dans la recherche du plus
grand commun diviseur de a et b, par la methode abregee, on aura a
effeotuer un nombre do divisions au plus egal a trois fois le nombre de
chifi'res du plus petit des nombres donnes.

16590. (C. M. Ross.)— If

a^yz + bi(y + z) + Ci = 0, a.,J/2 -i 60 (y + z) -^ C3 = 0, a^yz + 63 {y + z) + c-^ = 0,

are true for an infinite series of values for x,y, z; prove that in general

ajCs-t-djCo = 2bJ>^, Orfli + a^c^ = 2636,, a-^Cn-^a^c^ = 26,62.

16591. (Professor Nanson.) — A disc of given radius moves with its
centre on a circle with given centre and radius. If the aspects of the
disc and circle are assigned, the edge of the disc traces out a surface.
By varying the aspects, but so that each remains parallel to a fixed line,
we get a system of surfaces. Required the envelope of these surfaces.

16592. (T. Stuaet, M.A., D.Sc.) — Prove that the sides of the six
self-conjugate triangles of four conies, taken in pairs, all touch a net of
conies A(p + Mif" = 0, <B = 0 and ^ = 0 being the tangential equations of
two conies of the net.

16593. (S. Narayana Aiyak.) — Prove that every conic inscribed in
a triangle passes through at least three pairs of real points which are
isogonai conjugates with respect to the triangle, but never more than
four pairs. Also give a geometrical construction to determine these
points. Hence show that the inscribed (or an escribed) circle of a tri-
angle passes through three and only three jjairs of real points which
are isognal conjugates with respect to the triangle.

16594. (A. M. Neseitt, M.A.) — If, within the angle A of a triangle
ABC, two lines be drawn AL, AL', equally inclined to AB and AC re-
spectively, and meeting BO in L, L' ; and if the same be done for the
other angles, prove (1) that a conic S will pass through the six points
L, L', ... ; (2) that a conic S' will touch the six lines AL, AL', ... ;
(3) that a conic may be drawn through the four intersections of S, S',
which shall also touch the sides of ABC ; (4) that a conic maybe drawn
touching the four common tangents of S and S' which shall also cir-
cumscribe ABC.

16595. (P. G. W. Bbown, B.Sc, L.C.P.)— ABC is a triangle having a
right angle at C ; from a point D in AB, DP is drawn parallel to BC,
and DE to AC. If AB = 13-75 cms., DE = 5 cms., DP = 4-5 cms.,
find by the methods of simple quadratic equations, the length of AC.

16598. (I. Abvold.) — Construct a quadrilateral having its sides
equal to four given right lines, and its area equal to a given rectangle,
specifying under what conditions the problem becomes impossible.

16597. (C. E. YouNGMAN, M.A.) — Two contocal hyperbolas, with
centre 0, one with an angle 30° between its asymptotes, the other rect-
angular, have a triangle ABC circuminscribed ; show that in ABC one of
the ex-circles is equal to the circum-circle and subtends 60° at 0, and

80

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

that the in-circle and the other ex-circles subtend 120° at 0 ; prove
also that the second point at which these last three subtend equal
angles lies on the Brocard axis of ABC.

16598. (M. T. Naraniengar, M.A.) — A is a fixed point. P is any
point on a fixed circle. Show that the inverse of the fixed circle with
respect to a circle of radius PA and centre P envelopes another fixed
circle.

16599. (W. P. Beard, M.A.) — The inverses of the ciroum-circle of
a triangle ABC with regard to A, B, C, and with radii of inversion BC,
CA, AB respectively, meet BC, CA, AB respectively at X, Y, Z. Prove

(1) that AX, BY, CZ meet at a point P on the circum-circle of ABC ;

(2) that BZ.CY = AB.AC; (3) that, if G, K are the eentroid and
symmedian point of ABC, then HK is the axis of perspective of the
triangles XYZ, ABC.

16600. (W. Ctallatly, M.A.)— If A + B + C = 180° ; prove that
(sin B + sin C) (1 + 2 cos B)(l + 2 cos C) + . . .

= 4 (sin B + sin C)(3in C + sin A) (sin A + sinB).

16601. (R. P. Davis, M.A.)— If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle,
factorize : — cos- B • cos-,C + 2 cos 3A cos B cos C.

11956. (Professor Sylvester, P.R.S.) — If x, ?/, s, ... .are positive
integers, such that .r + 2i/ + 35;+ ... = jt, where n is any given integer
gre.aterthan 2; prove that the number of times that l — x + o:y—:ryz+ ...
exceeds zero is greater than the total number of times that it is equal
to or less than zero.

NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS.

It is requested that all Mathematical communications should be sent
to the Mathematical Editor,

Miss Constance I. Marks, B..\., 10 Matheson Road, West
Kensington, W.

OLD QUESTIONS AS YET UNSOLVED (IN OUR COLUMNS).

11834. (Capt. de Rocquigny.) — Aucun nombre triangulaire ne pent
etre cube parfait.

11898. (Professor Bhatt.\charya.) — Observations give results 4'1,
4'23, 4'55, 4'56 ; find the probable error of the average.

11900. (Professor Orchard.) — Given that {x + y)/(x — y) varies as |
{y + .-)l{y — z), and that x = 1 when y = 2 and z = S, prove that '

12y^ + y^{7x + z) + y- {x- + ixz — z-) — 8xyz- — Idx'z- = 0 ; [

and interpret geometrically.

11910. (D. Biddle.) — A square disc has its centre fixed, but the
normal pointing to any part of the heavens. .\ particle falls from a
position which is over the square when the latter is horizontal. Find
the probability that it strikes the square.

11948. (Capt. P. A. MacMahon, R.A.) — A tangent to a parabola in-
scribed in a triangle is inclined at an angle S to the axis ; find the
envelope, and also the locus of the centres of the series of envelopes
obtained by varying 5.

Vol. XIV. (New Series) of the "Mathematical Reprint "
is noiv ready, and may he had of the Puhliither,
Francis Hodgson, 89 Farringdon Street, E.G. Price
to Subscribers, 5s. ; to Non- Subscribers, 6s. 6d.

THE LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY.

Thursday, January lith, 1908. — SirW. D. Niven, President, in the
Chair.

Prof. H. P. Stecker was elected a member.

Mr. W. H. Salmon was admitted into the Society.

The President announced the death of Mr. G. Heppel, who was a
member of the Society from 1883 to 1907.

The following papers were communicated : —

" The Canonical Form of a Linear Substitution," Mr. H. Hilton.

"On Octavic and Sexdecimic Residuacity," Lieut. -Col. A.
Cunningham.

" On Change of the Variable in a Lebesgue Integral," Dr. E. W.
Hobson.

" On Abel's Extension of Taylor's Series," Rev. P. H. Jackson.

" Note on the Evaluation of a certain Integral containing Bessel's
Functions," Prof. H. M. Macdonald.

Mr. J. Hammond gave an account of some " Researches connected
with the Solution of the Quintic Equation."

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KEYS, 2s. 6d. net each.

MacmlUan's Facsimile Worked Exercises from Modern Book-
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Welch and Duffield's Exercises in Unseen Translation in Latin 1

Alford's Latin Passages for Translation 3

Caesar's Gallic War. J. Bond and A. S. Walpole. {First, Second,
and Third Class) 4

Gallic War. Books II. and III. With Notes and Vocabulary.

W. G. Rutherford. {First, Second, and Third Class) .. 1

Gallic War. Book IV. With Notes and Vocabulary. C. Bryans.

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Virgil's Ae -eid. Book III. With Notes and Vocabulary. T. E. Page.

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andC. G. DOFFIELD. {Third Cla.ss) ' 1

Peacock and Bell's Passages for Greek Translation 1

SCIENCE.

Perkin and Lean's Introduction to Chemistry and Physics.

NewEdition. In Two Vols. each 2

Gregory and Slmmons's Experimental Science (Physioirraphv

Section I.) " ^. ".. 2

Exercises in Practical Physics. In Two Parts each 2

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Gregory's Elementary Practical Physlrs 2

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Light for Students 6

Hadley's Magnetism and Electricity for Beginners 2

Magnetism and Electricity for Students 6

Thompson's Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism 4

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Boscoe and Lunt's Inorganic Chemistry for Beginners 2

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Students 4

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Watts's Geology for Beginners 2

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Simmons and Stenhouse's Science of Common Life 2

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MACMILLAN & CO., LTD., ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON, W.C.

84

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

Cambridge University Press

Sip Walter Scott. Tales of a

Grandfather. Being the History of Scotland from the
earliest period to the battle of Flodden in 1513. Edited, with
Introduction and Notes, by P. Giles, M.A., LL.D.

Foolscap 8vo
Is. 4d. each.

This is a volume of English Literature for

SchooiSf a new series of reading books for the upper and
middle forms ol Secondary Schools. The books are printed
in a bold, clear type and are strongly bound in cloth boards.
The following have already been published, and several
other volumes are in active preparation :—

Daniel Defoe. Memoirs of a Cavalier.

Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Elizabeth
0'Neii,l.

Captain John Smith. True Travels,

Adventures and Observations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and
America: and the General History of Virginia, New
England, and the Summer Isles, Books I-III. Edited with
Introduction and Notes, by E. A. Bemans, M.A., Fellow
of St. .lohu's College, Cambridge.

William Cobbett. Rural Rides. Selected

and edited by J. H. IjOBBan, M.A., Lecturer in English
Literature, Birkbeck College, London.

William Hazlitt. Characters of Shake-
speare's Plays. Edited, with Introduction and Notes,
by J. H. I.OBUAX, M.A.

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each furnished with a simple and spirited introduction and
a serviceable, but judiciously limited, set of notes."— PaM
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" An admirable series of reading books. ... In them-
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Balzac. Le Medecin de Campagne.

Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by de V. Payen-Payne.

Foolscap 8vo

" No book of Balzac's is healthier, or better expresses the
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Gautlen. Voyage en Italie, Selections

from. By the same Editor.

" "We are sure that many a student of the French language
will be glad to have this little volume in his pocket for
frequent reference." — School.

Foolscap 8vo

The Epistles to the Galatians and

to the Romans. The Revised Version. Edited, with In-
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M.A., Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge.

The First and Second Epistles to

the Corinthians. The Revised Version. Edited, with In-
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The following are the first six volumes and others are in
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SUSSEX. By G. F. BuswoRTH. F.R.G.S.
NORFOLK. By W. A. DUTT.
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Chakles Davison, Sc.D., Mathematical Master at King Edward's
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This work, which was published in September last in nne
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volume I., To Quadratic Equations, and Volume II., From
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Italy from 1494 to 1790. By

Mrs. H. M. Vernon (K. Dorothea Ewart), Author of " Cosimo

de' Medici " in the Foreign Statesmen Series.

The history of Italy in the period treated m this volume
divides itself naturally into two parts, 1494-1559 and 1559-
1790. Since the events of the earlier years are fully described
in numerous accessible works, the author deals with them
briefly, in spite of their importance, treating them rather as
an introduction to the later and neglected period, about
which it is difficult for the ordinary reader to obtain in-
formation.

Crown 8vo

One Vol., 6s. ;

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THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL Hf STORY OF ENGLAND

History of England for Use in

Schools. By Arthur D. Innes, M.A. Complete in One
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Part I., To 1509 a.d. | Part II., 1509-1714 a.d.
Part III., 1689-1901 a.d.
A separate Part is also issued containing the period ' ' From the
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and lucidity, and he is remarkably well furnished with the
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London, Fetter Lane : CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE : C. F. CLAY, Manager.

Feb. 1. 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

85

CLASS LISTS

OF CANDIDATES WHO HAVE PASSED THE CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION OF
THE COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.— CHRISTMAS, 1908.

The list of successful candidates at the Colonial Centres w/ill be published
number of " The Educational Times."

the March

[^Throughout the following Lists, bracketing of names implies equaltfi/.'j

PRIZES.

Dodson, F. K.

(Isbister Prize.)
Bennell, Miss M.

{Pinches Prize.)
Jewell, J.
W'oodhouse, R. A.

, Spendelow, C. W,
, / Flew. U VV.
■•\Nokes. Miss C. M.
. Marsden, H. M.

1. Bigg^s, MissC. M.

2. Thomas, A. E.

3. Du Heaume, H. G.

4. Whipp, ?. S.

General Proficiency.

First Class [or Senior].
Hutton Grammar School.
Crouch End High School, Hornsey.

Second Class [or Junior].

HuDiberstone Foundation School, Grimsby.
Weymouth Pupil-Teacher Centre.
Crouch End High School, Hornsey.
Hutton Grammar School.

Third Class.
Crouch End High School, Hornsey.
Froebel House, Devonport.
Boys' Collegiate School, Aldershot.
Gi-ammar School, Shoreham.

English Subjects.

Crouch End High School, Hornsey,
Devonport High School.

Mathematics.

Oakes Institute, Walton, Liverpool.
New College, Heme Bay.

1. Jackson, W.

2. Hargrave, D. H.

1. Mercer, F.
2 / Blackman, W.
•\Caunce, A. E.

Modern Foreign Languages.

Classics.

The Cusack Institute, Broad Street Place, E.C.
Merchant Taylors' School, E.G.

Natural Sciences.

Oakes Institute, Walton, Liverpool.
Oakes Institute, Walton, Liverpool.
Oakes Institute, Walton, Liverpool.

Taylor Jones Prize for Scripture History.

Gieve, Miss G. iM. Crouch End High School, Hornsey.

Soames Prize for Scripture History.

Nokes, Miss C. M.

Cri

ch End High School, Hornsey.

Fish, F. J.

{Silver Medal.)
Smee, H. G.

{Bronze Medal.)

Pitman Medals for Shorthand.

The Cusack Institute, Broad Street Place, E.C.
Mercers' School, E.C.

r#ie following is a List of the Candidates who obtained the FIRST and SECOND PLACES in each Subject on
FIRST CLASS PAPERS. (Only those who obtained Distinction are included,)

Scripture History.
fBennell, MissM. Crouch End High School.

\.\ Hornsev.

I, Gieve, Miss G. M. Crouch End High School,
Hornsey.

Kytglish Language.
BennelUMiss M. Crouch End

Hornsev.
Dodsnn, P. K. Hutton G

Mvnntt. A. F. Brentwood High School.

, Holsworthy Middle School.

High School,
School.

Tylcoat, Miss L.

■\ New man,

1. Mercer. \

2. Dodson, '.

/'Caunce, A. E-

Private tuitic
Geography.

Private ttiition.
t. Crouch End High School,

Hornsey.
Holloway College, N.

Arithmetic.

Oakes Institute, Walton,

Liverpool.
Hutton Grammar School.

Algebra.

Canning Street School, New-

castle-on-Tyne.
Devonport High School.
Oakes Institute, Walton,

Liverpool.

Geometry.

Canning Street School, New-

castle-on-Tyne.
Oakes Institute, Walton,

Liverpool.
Brentwood High School.

Trigonometry.

Oakes Institute. Walton,

Liverpool.
Devonport High School.
Oakes Institute, Walton,

Liverpool.

Book-keeping .
rBeunell, Miss M. Crouch End High School.

I Hornsey.

|.Rahtkens, G. A. Grammar School, Shoreham,

Mensuration.

New College, Heme Bay.
Devonport High School,

French.

James' liadies' School,

! Magnetism and Electricity.

j 1. Dodson, F. K. Hutton Grammar School.

. ! r Mercer, F. Oakes Institute,

1. Le Montais, M

L. R. de L.

2. Chattin, A. E.

1. Chattin, A. I

2. Welsh, L.

1. Walsh, T. C.

1. Roberts, J.

/ Dodson, F. K.
•\ Hargrave, D. H.

1. Jackson. W.

Jersey.

The High School for Boys,
Croydon.

The High School for Boys,

Croydon.
Mercers' School, E.C.

Spanish.

Private tuition,
Wehh.

Private tuition.
Latin.
Hutton Grammar School.
MerchantTaylors'School,E.C.

Greek.

Light and Heat

.. Lovell. E. R.
j'Bennell, Miss M,

'*] Fassnidge, W. Private tuition.

V Whitfeild, B. "W. Private tuition

Whitchurch Grammar School.

Crouch End High School,

IJornspy.

rBramer, J. D. S.

\A Cunningham, L.

I. Dodson, F. K.

Walton.

Liverpool.
Hutton Grammar School.
Hutton Grammar School.

Chemistry.

Athei'Stone Gi-ammar School.
Hutton Grammar School.
Hutton Grammar School.

Natural History.

1. Bisiker, A. M.

rjensen. Miss E. :
2.-^ Jewell. J.

t Williams, P. G.

Cliftonville College, Margate.
Peugwern College, Chelten-

Tollington Park College, N.
Westbank School, Dulwich.
Devonport High School.
Froebel House, Devonport.

Le Breton, T. V.

Political Econo.
Bennell, Miss M,
Leslie, P. W. L.

Croucli End High

Hornsey.
Private tuition.

Fish, F. J.
Smee, H. G.

Shorthand.

The Cusack Institute,

Street Place, E.C.
Mercers' School, E.C.

Domestic Economy.

B.

Private tuition.
Milton House School, Athfr
stone.

86

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

Feb. 1, 1909.

CLASS LIST

BOYS.

N.B. — The ^mall italic letters deuote that the Candidate to wliose i

; they are attached was distinguished in the following subjects respectively ; —

a. = Arithmetic.

al. = Algebra.

(). = Botany.

bk. — Bookkeeping.

ch. = Chemistry.

rf. = Drawing.

do. = Domestic Economy.

e. = English.
/. = French.
(J, = Geography.
ge. = German.
geo. = Geology.
gm, = Geometry,
or. = Greek.

h. = History.
he. = Hebrew.
1. = Italian.
I. = Latin.
It. = Light and Heat.
m. = Mechanics.
ma. = Magnetism & Electricity.

ms. = Mensuration.
m«. = Music.
nh. = Natural Histoiy.
p. = Political Economy.
ph. = Physiology.
phys. = Elementary Physics,
s. = Scripture.

tr. = Trigonometry.
TO. = Welsh.
s. = Zoology.

he small figures ' ami 'prefixed to names in the Second and Third Class Lists denote that the Candidates were entered fur the First and Second Classes respectively.

In the addresses, Acad. = Academy, C. or Coll. = College, Coll. S. = Collegiate School, Comm. = Commercial. Couv. = Convent, Elem. = Elementary, End. = Endowed,

Found. = Foundation, H. = House. Hr. ^ Higher, Inst. = Institute, Int. = International,

Inter. = Intermediate, Poly = Polytechnic, Prep. = Preparatorj-, P.T. = Pupil Teachers, S. = School, Sec. = Secondary, Tech. = Technical, Univ. = University.

FIRST CLASS [or SENIOR^.
Honours Division,

Dodson,P.K. e.a.ai.tr.l.ma.cli.

Huttou Gram. S.

Jewell,J. s.g.a.al.gm.d. DevonportHigh S.

Woodhouse,R.A. ma.ch. Hutton Gram. S.

Ferraro, R. a.tr.ms.ch.sh.

Devonport High S.

Mercer, F. a.aJ-,gin.tr.U.-imx.ch.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
rBlackman,W. a.al.gm.li-.vis.ch.
I Oakes lost., Walton, Liverpool

I WilliamB,P.G. e.gm.ms./.d.sh.
U Froebel H., Devonport

Lampai'd,L.A. ir.m.ms. DevonportHighS.

Welsh, L. ge. sh. Mercers' School, E.C.
f Bisiker,A.M. s.e.d.
I ToUington Park Coll., N.

Montgomerie,W.G. al.vis.ma.ch.
L Huston Gram. S.

Curtis, S.J. s.e. Kendrick S., Reading

Lovell.E.R. Il.ck. Whitchurch Gram. S.

Chattin,A.E. al.nia.f.iie.

High S. for Boys, Croydon

Taylor.P.C.C. a.aJ.ff»i..7iis.

New College, Heme Bay

Bell.S.J. e.mo.. Hutton Gram. S.

Caunce,A.E. gm.ch.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

Cunningham, L. vis.itia.ch. HuttonGram.S.

Smee.H.G. s.e.sh. Mercers' School, E.C.

Fish, F.J. sh.

Cusack Inst., Broad St. Place. E.C.
fPassnidge.W. e.g.f.U.ma. Private tuition
I Rogers, W.T. al.gvi. Brentwood High S.
1 Sagger,son,E.J. aX.g\ti.tr.ms.
K. Canning Street S., Newcastle-ou-T.

Mercer,E. al.gin.mo..

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

Mynutt,A.P. e.gm.d. Brentwood Higli S.

Dodson,H. iMi.d. Hutton Gram. S.

Townson.C.H. al. Hutton Gram. S.

rHammer.V.M. c. Mercers' School, E.C.
l.Jones,L. al.d. High S. for Boys, Croydon

Rahtkens.G.A (it. Gram. S., Shoreham

Colwill.G. ina.ch. Camelford Gram. S.

Robinson, F. Hutton Gram. S.

fArchibald.H. ck. Hutt'ui Gram. S.

LBurbidge, D. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

FIRST CLASS [or SENIOR^.

Pass Division.

Ohoidas.T.S. /. Gram. S., Shoreham

Rusby.E. e. The Northernlnstitute, Leeds

Woodcock,E.C. ch. Private tuition

, Lee.J H. al.gm. High S.forBoys.Crovdon

I Miller, B.St. C. ms. 'Victoria Tutorial Coll.,

l Buckingham Palace Ed., S.W.

Moore.I.S. d. Hutton Gram. S.

Pitt.V.D. bk.d. Gram. S., Worthing

Newman. A. K. g.gm.vis. HoUoway College

Finder D.T. Gram.. S., Shoreham

^Garside,L R. It.ch. Private tuition

' Gray.R.B. U.<-h. Taunton School

Darnngton.C.P. Sandwich School

Peyton. S.A. Kendrick S., Reading

Barry, E.H. Gram. S., Shoreham

Squire.T.R.

Newcastle Modern S., Seweastle-on-T.
f Haward.G. s.e. Sandwich School

1 Kitson,E.W. nl.gm.m.'i.
I Stationers' Co.'s S., Hornsey

rBolton,H.F .(. Hutton Gram. S.

: Chirk, A.P. ms. Brentwood Higli S.

fCockrell.F.W. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
I, Wehber.A.E. a.iiis. Piivate tuition

Caplan S. al. Private tuition

/ Hutt,E.S. rf.

i Kingsholme S., Weston-s.-Marc

V Pearse,E. rf. Kendrick S., Reading

/'BranierJ.D.S. s.c.ch. AtlierstoneGram. S.
I Chaidopoulos,N. .f. Gram. S., Shoreham
,'Loyde,H.E. ms. Steyne School, Worthing

VMetzner,R.E. Richmond Hill School

Ferguson, G.OakesInst., Walton, Liverpool
Bolton,J.N. Gram. S., Shoreham

rMiddle,G.F. OakesInst.,Walton,Liverpool
l.Whitfeild,B.W. It.ch. Private tuition

rJameson.A.C. e. Gravesend Modern S.
LSpry.W.B.e. Pynsent'sGram.S.,Chudleigh
Maddison,G.R. Private tuition

f Howard,A.A. il. Hutton Gram. S.

I Josling.H.R. .7,. Private tuition

I Oxley,R.H. Castle Hill S., W. Ealing
I Slater,R.A. Gram. S., Shoreham

l,\Vatson,A. Hutton Gram. S.

Starkey,W.E. e. Epworth Coll., Rhyl

rLe Breton,T.V. iiiK.

1 Jersey Modern S., St. Helier

I Silver.H.B. Whitchurch Gram. S.

Lstokes.G.A. ch. Private tuition

Hutton Gram. 8.
Private tuition

rBastham,L.E.S.
I Kent.L.H. d.
I Ries,H.F. gm.ms
I Oakes

LSouthworth.T.

St., Walton, Liverpool
Hutton Gram. S.

Forsaith.F.L. d. High S.rorBovs,Crovdon
fLong.J.

i Canning Street S., Newcastle-on-T.

I Mar»liall,J.L. /. Argyle H., Sunderland
LYoung.J.A.C. Brentwood High S.

fAUchin.F.M. c.ch.

I Univ. Tutorial Coll., Red Lion S(i.,W.C.
; Harris,C.J.P. W.-.rf. Brighton Gram. S.

Hick.^A. Private tuition

I Murphy ,E.F. High S. for Boys, Crovdon
l^ Peters J. Hutton Grammar S.

Smythe.H.J.D. ch. Private tuition

I'Brunning.A.E. Steyning Gram. S.

I Davey.T.F. sh.
I Wallingbrook S., Cliulnileigh

Root, A. C. Lancaster Coll. , W. Norwood
Lwitting,T.N. Grammars. Scarborough
I'Bickerstaff.R.
I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

Green, B.J. rf. Xaverian Coll., Manchester
(.Salman, C. Kendrick S., Reading

rClarke,J.E. Kendrick 8., Reading

I Gulbenkian,K.S. f.

I St. Paul's S., W. Kensington

("Gosling, L.D. St. George's Coll.,Weybridge
l,Suel.son,F. University S., Southport

('Bateman,R.J. Grammars., Cowes

I Jackson, W. l.gr.

Cusack Inst., Broad St. Place, E.C.
l.Powell,B.V. Private tuition

('Ford,N.L. High 8. for Boys, Croydon
I Hall.C.W. High S. for Boys, Croydon

Jones, P.G. ms.
I The Greystones, Scarborough

LStubbs,C.A. sim.blc. Gram. S., Shoreham
/'Gray,J.B. d Stationers' Co.'s S., Hornsey
I Humphreys, L.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I, Woodro£re,S. W. 8t«yne 8., Worthing

fAlderton.W.H. Giggleswick S., Settle
I Linley,H.H. Ellesmere S., Harrogate
LPatersoTi.H. s. Bridlington College

rClarke,J.H.P.

Cambridge H., Camden Rd., N.
LPenhale.R.H. Holsworthy Middle S.

Border.R. Gram. S., Dawlish

CBanister,R. d. Hutton Gram. S.

I. TurTier, A. G.OakesInst., Walton, Liverpool

Clarke,T.P. Cambridge H.,Oamden Rd.,N.
I Laarens.E.J. Private tuition

fHaggett.H.G.ms. CollegiateS., Bridgwater
I Hinder, R.J. Kendrick S., Reading

Hughes,J. Whitchurch Gram. S.

(.Jones.B.O. Eversley 8., Stamford

Hodsnn.H.E. rf. University 8., Southport

Evans,D.T. Private tuition

Davies.J A. Epsom College

Wilbamson,T.H.

Oakes lust , Walton, Liverpool

Weakley,H. High S. for Boys, Croydon

Carpenter.JS. Steyne S., Worthing

i''NichoIls,G.L. Victoria Tutorial College,
I Buckingham Palace Rd., S.W.

l..Stubbs,H.R. Grammar S., Worthing

f'Higliton.J.H. University S., Southport
I Howcroft,R. d. Hutton Gram. 8.

1^ Roberts, W. Gram. S., Cowbridgf

Hargrave,D.H.!.MerchancTaylors'S.,E.C.
Russell, B.E. Brentwood High 8.

CBaines.T.H. Mossley Hall 8., Congleton
I Nicliolls,H.B. Private tuition

O'Farrell.G.H.M.C.
I St. Helen's Coll., South

rCarr,C.M.L. Charlton Academy, Bath
I Northey,H.G. Chaloner's S., Braunton
LPringle,A. Private tuition

rBertram,G.W.

I Oxeuford H., St. Lawrence, Jersey

LHarper,V.H.3i;i.CliftonvilleColl., Margate
Carter, A.N.

African Training Inst., Cohvyn Bay
Marsland, W.R.

Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingh:
CElliott,B.W.M. Private tuition

I Lloyd,J. Whitchurch Gram. S.

I Moore.K.H. ch.

I Univ. Tutorial Coll., Red Lion Sq.,W.C.
LWaldegrayCj A.H. vis. GravesendModernS.
Sandwich School
Private tuition
Kendrick 8., Reading
Whitchurch Gran ~
Private tuition
Private tuition
Mercers' School, E.C,
Private tuition
inersbury S., Chiswick

(-Hogben, F.L.

l,Rastall,L.H.

rCaugliey,J.W.

VLee,E.H.

fEbden,J.A.W.

I Ertsforth.J.H.

l,Hutcliisou,D.J

^Andrews. A. C.

(^ Baden, R.

CMoore,G.W.

I Univ. Tutorial Coll., Red Lion Sq., W.C,

kWalshjT.C. s2>.ch. Private tuition

fDiment.R.

I Canning Street S., Newcastle

I Hoyle,F.W. Oakeslnst.,Walton,Liverpool

I King.T. s. St. Boniface's Coll., Plymoutii

l.,Shillaker,H. Eversley S., Stamford

l'Banks,C.N. Oakeslnst., Walton, Li verpool

I..Doherty,J. The Palace S., Bewdley

SECOND CLASS [or JUNIOR}.

Honours Division,

8pendelow,C.W./.oft.

Humberstone Foundation S., Grimsby
Flew,L.W. a.al.gm.U.

Weymouth P.-T. Centre
Marsden,H.M. ma.d. Huttou Gram. S.
8tedmau,G.F. ul.gm.d.

Mercers' School, E.C.
deMowbray,R.M. g.al.f.l. Private tuition
Brown, W.H. s.al.f.

The College, Weston s.-Mare
Godden,E.W. a.al.f.d.

Weymouth P.-T. Centre
Attw^ooll,J.L. al.phys.d.

Weymouth P.-T. Centr.-
Youug,E.W. Mercers' School, B.C.

^Buck,A.J. blc.ma. Grammar S., Shoreham
Pilbeam,L.S./.rf. Brighton Gram. 8.

l^ Press, W. bk.J. Raleigh Coll., Brixton

Wookey,G. R.P. s.h. The CoUege.Clevedon
^Charley,G.W. a.al.d.
I Douglas S., Cheltenham

I Whitbourn.T.J.C. bk.d.
\ Ryde House Comm. 8., Ripley

Broniley,E.V./. Hutton Gram. S.

f Bailey.E. al. Hutton Gram. 8.

I Christal,F.A. a.al.gvi.

Redby Boys' 8., Sunderland
I Lloyd. W.V. /.rf. Weymouth P.-T. Cer.tre
I .«iles,E.A. f.d. Castle Hill 8., W. Ealing
i^Townend.B ma.ch. Southport Modern 8.
Greenhalgh,J. o. Farnworth Gram. S.
I^Cheater.G.W. g.S.ch

Shaftesbury Grammar 8.
LPearson.M. e.h.g.f. Private tuition

Goodchild.A.T. hk.vm.

St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park

CBurgess,J.W. d. 'R'eymoutli P.-T. Centre-
Shaw, R. jthys.ch.d.
I Queensberry S., Lungton

rClewer, D. /. Taunton H. , Brighton

LLongley, R. F. /. Steyning Gram. 8.

Curtis,A.T. d. Gram. 8., Ongar

Wickett,T. rf. Newquay College

rClark.H.J.C. a.d. Kendrick S., Reading
I Rankme,J.B.C. a.bk.
L Hightield S., Muswell Hill, N.

Gabony,W.A.E. f.ge. Mercers' School, E.C

Ogle,G A. a.al.bk. Grammar 8., Belper
rMaiden.A. d. Hutton Gram. 8.

Mortou.W. gm.d. Arg>-|e H., Sunderland*
LWalker.C.R./. Mercers' School, E.C.

Walloud,H.C.W. bk.ms.

Brunswick H., Maidstone

Norris,S. s.ch. Private tuition

rBlairmann,D. /.m<i.

Haberdashers' S. , Cricklewood
I Blandford,T.C. rf. Weymouth P. -T.Centre
l.,Na.sh,W.H. rf. Mercers' School, E.C.

Russell, P.G. al.f. Private tuition

('FI>nn,F.W. Mercers' School, E.C.

I Harlow, F.W. al.f.
I Newcastle Modern 8., Newcastle-on-T.

Proper, J. B. /. Mercers' School, E.C.

L.Tuain,R. bk. Grammar 8., Shoreham

f Moran.F. Private tuition

I Needell.C. Mercers' School, E.C.

Waugh.J.B. h.
L Newcastle MorlemS., Newcastle-on-T.
rDerry,D. g.al. Queensbeny 8., Longton
l,Rodwell,H.L. g d. Private tuition

rDowling.A. s.

Oxeuford H., St. Lawrence, Jersey

Heys,W.T. al.gm.

Redby Boys' S., Sunderland

Hiuwood.G.Y s The College, Clevedon

Townsend,B.M. d.

St. Paul's 8., West Kensington

BIanksby,F. d. HuttonGram.S.

Sanmel.J.T./. Private tuition

^Schreier.R.S. bk. Gram. S. Shoreham

-Bartlett,J R.C. High 8 for Boys,Croydon

Dale.W.L. s. The College, Weston-s.-Mare

Main prize, J. V. a.al.gm./.ch.

Grammar 8., Bridlington.
/'Ashwell,W.B. bk.

I Brunswick H., Maidstone

I Austin, W.A./.

I Pitman's S., Southampton R"W, W.C.
j Bartholumew.J.C. Colebrook H., Bognor
l.Ingram,A.T. d. St. Olave's Gram. S.,S E.
^FIeury,W./. Jersey Modern 8.. St. Helier
I Hutchings.H.J. S.M-. Wilsford H., Devizes
I Pratt, H.B. Grammar S , Shoreham

LThomas,G. Mer.-ers' School, E.C.

('Gardeunei-,F.C. e.f. High 8., Camborne

I Joule.J.S.
I Saul.E.R. f.
LWhite.H.G.
/'Butler. A. E.
I Matthews, W.R.
V Buckii

itwood Hit

Private tuition

Weymouth Modern 8.

Gram. 8., Devizes

Victoi ia Tutorial Coll.,

Cham Palace Rd., S.W.

/'Godding.E.F.J. d. The College, Clevedou
I Moore,G A. al. Highbury Park School
VSully,R. Gunnersbury S., Chiswick

rJohnson,H.T. Mercers' School, E.C.

Lsiggs.C.G. D. Boys' High 8., Streatham
f Compton.R 8. 6fc. Gram S , Shoreham
I Johnson, D.G.cft.d.St.Olave'sGram.S.,S.E
I Whillock.G.B B.

V, The Greystones. Scarborough

/'Chillingworth.H.F /. Privat* tuition

Hodge,G. W,-. Brunswick H., Maidstone

Leadbeater,H. al.d.

Gi-amrnarS., Scarborough

Minchin,H.N. Grammars., Shoreham
.Price.N.L.T. bk. Brentwood High S.

('Babbage,N.J. d.

I Wallingbrook 8., Chulmleigh

I Broxup,C. s.e. Margate Commercial S.
I Garrett,L.A. d.

High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Goodwin, H. Queensberry 8., Longton
I Green, W.J. Oakes lnst.,Walton,Liverpool,

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

BOYS, 2nd Class, Bons.—CaiUimied.
Kitcat,A.J. St. Dmistan's Coll., Margate
Parker,C.S, Private tuition

Rix,S.M. Grammar S., Shoreham

Sainsbury.A.P. f.d.

St. Paul's S., West Kensington
Spink.S.C. Taunton H., Brigliton

Squire.H.F. Private tuition

young, P.O. al.d.

Newcastle Modern S., Newcastle-on-T.

Private tuition
Private tuition
Private tuition
Penketli School
re .S., Harrogate
Dulwich College
Private tuition

SfCO/VO CLASS [or JUNIOR}.
Pass Division.

lCastle,G. Sandwich School

ILyon.W.N.r./. St. Mary'sColl., Harlow

lDodd,J.R. Private tuition

ILaurens.S.J. Jersey Modern S., St. Helier
^Andrews,D.W.J. t.

I Portsmouth Grammar School

J Lyne,F.H. Private tuition

Moore.H.W.H. al. Mercers' School, E.C.
l.Rodway,A.R. Boys' High S., Streatham
^Blackford,A.J. s. The College, Clevedon

Bobby,F.H. a.d.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

Came,D.F.G./.(;. Private tuition

Holden,F. vm. Southport Modern S.

Lee,C.H. KendrickS., Reading

'.WiUans,N.J. I. Rossall S., Fleetwood
IBrowell.H.P. Mercers' School, E.C.

Grant, G. ch.

Archbp, Holgate's Gram. S. , York

Jinks,S. Hutton Gram. S

Robinson, H.S. Hutton Gram. S.

Robinson,J.A. </./. Private tuition

lWenham,G. High S. for Boys, Croydon

Willans,W.R. a.U:

Chaloner's S., Brauuton
rGray.J.H. s. Steyne S., Worthing

I Johnson, V.R.W. Kendrick S , Reading

Johnston,C.D.O. s.U. Kendrick.S.,Readin.'
I Keet,C.C. Mercers' School, E.G.

l.Royley,H. Farnworth Gram. S.

rBickerstafte,T.S. Hutton Gram S

I Corless,A.F. d. Hutton Gram. S.

Cowlin.J. W. /. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
I MacFarlane,J.iK. GrosvenorColl., Carlisle
l.West,J.R. a. Kendrick S., Readinp

EvaDS,D.

Linzee,N.H. /.

lRyder,O.S.

Sankey,J.B.

Suteliffe,K.H.
LWoods.R.S. id.f.
rBedelI,A.E. g.f.

Burn.E.W. td.

Victoria S., Heaton, Neweastle-on-T

ICochraoe.H.D. New College, Heme Bay

Domville,S.T. al.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
LLoader,C.P. St.John'sColL.FinsburyPark
"Applin,G.W.H. Mercers' School, B C.

Barnes, J. M. Brighton Gram. S.

Lmdsay.G.P. St. Olave's Gram. S., S.F,.

Livingston, R. Colebrook H., Boo-nor

Shrimpton.G.V. d.

The College, Weston-s.-Mare

lSkentelbery,B.T. County S., Liskeard
l.Stanip,M.F. Mercers' School, B.C.

'lFaulkner,R.O. Grammars., Shoreham

Pox,P.W. (j.d.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

Hemphrey,M.B.K.

Brunswick H., Maidstone

Hopley, >V.A. ch. Whitchurch Gr

LeMasurier,P.H. /.

St. James' Coll. S., Jersey
l.Stott,H. Hutton Gram. S

rlBrasher,W. Cliftonville Coll., Margate
I Coplans.S.H.
I Simon Langton Boys' S., C.interbury

IMackenzic,J.S. Steyne S., Worthing

Mnss,R.E. d. Kendrick S., Reading

■Saunders, W.H. Private tuition

fBates.T.H. ch.

Royal Grammars., Xew.nstle-on-T
Charnock,G.B./. Ashland Highs., Wigan
Edgar.L. Sandwich School

Hamley, W.W. Boys' High S., Streatham
Hargreaves,H. Newchurch Gram. S.

Hill.R.L. Scarborough College

l>ewth,F.D. High S. for Boys, Croydon
Page.P. St. Leonards Coll. S

Redman, R.E. Private tuition

lRobmson,P.S.

Lancaster Coll., W. Norwood
Sadler.N. al.ch.

Skerry's Coll., Newcastle-on-T.
IStott.G.H. OakesInst.,Walton,Liverpool
'Adderiey,W.

The Polytechnic S., Langham Place, W.
Baker,E. The Gram. S., Newton Abbot
lBrine,P.J.F. A.shford Gram. S.

Dingle, A. T. U: f. County S., Liskeard
Glick,J. y»i./. Thoresby High S., Leeds

Harrison, H. d.

Canning Street S., Newcastle-i

I iStubbs,E.E. Private tuition

Lwatchorn,S.C. Bversley 8., Stamford

rCoombs.A.W. s.

I Milton Coll., Bexley Heath

lFinch,F.J. Teignmouth College

I Goodwin,H.a!.

I St. Martin's Gram. S., Scarborough

Hale,F.W. <f.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
Kingsland,C.J. Grammar S., Shoreham
Luscombe,J. bk.d. St.Winifred's,Torqu.'iy
Nelson, K.M. /. Private tuition

iRoberts,J. w. Private tuition

iThomas.D.I. Private tuition

Westwater, J.S. /. School for Sons of

Missionaries, Blackheath
Wolfe.H.L.

St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park

f-Beaucbamp,W.G. Private tuition

I Beavis,F.E. St.John'sColl., Finsbury Park

1 Heald,J.H. Hutton Gram. S.

I LeMasurier,C.G./.

St. Cle

Lord, J. A.

Neal,F.J.

Nelson, H.

Oliver, F.
VRideal,A.
rAllsliorn,S.G.

Parochial S., Jersey

Farnworth Gram. S.

Private tuition

Farnworth Gram. S.

Grammar S., Shoreham

High S. for Boys, Croydon

H., Highgate

Anderson, B. A. High S. for Boys,Croydi
j Banks,E.H.c/i.Lanca3terColl.,Morecambe
I Easton.W.A./. HaileyburyColl., Hertford
I Evans,W. ch. Queensberry S., Longton
I Hodge, R. hk. Brunswick H., Maidstone
1 Long,L. d. Richmond Hill School

I Ludolf,G.H. h.

I Tlie Northern Inttitute, Leeds

1 Petherick.J.S. .«. Holsworthy Middle S.
I lTodd,F.J. The Greystones, Scarborough
I iTraise,B.W. Bversley S., Stamford

l^Walker.A.D.F. RedbyBoys'S.,Sunderiand
rCarrier,J.R. St. Olave's Gram. S, , S.B.
I Collett,H.R.P. Private tuitioi

Gill.J.W. St. Ohive's Gram. S., S.E,

1 Jones.F. Whitchurch Gram. S.

I iMatthews,C.H.

I Broomy Hill Acad., Hereford

I Tasker,R.H. /.
I., Bryn Melyn S., Weston-s.-Mare

(k. Iwood.G.B. Gram. S., Belper

I Bell,W. Private tuition

I iCranmer,G.P. al. Private tuition

I Hutchinson, W. hk.
I Grammar S., Fulwood, Preston

Long,R.M. St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate

Mortimer.G. hk.

Southport Commercial Coll.

Oldham, E.C. St. James' Coll. S., Jersey

Ordish,P.J./. Mercers' School, E.C.

I lSimpson,8.E.M.

I Mossley Hall S., Congleton

I^Warren,J.W. h. Private tuition

riAnderson.A.E.H. d.
I High S. for Boys, Croydon

I Bernard, A.S. Brondesbury College

I Carter Braine.J.F. ((.
I St. Paul's S., W. Kensingti

i Fulton,S. Gunnersburv S., Cbiswick

] Gaud,D.n. Froebel H., Devonport

I Gibson, W.S. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I iGill.R. Private tuition

I Hardy,E.A. i(. St. Paul'sS.,W.Kensingb
I Harper.E.C. Private tuitii

I IJones.G.H.W. Long Ashton S., Bristol
I Lovell,E.R. Weymouth P.-T. Centre

I Reeves,R.A. Kendrick S., Reading

IRobb.W.A. Barton S., Wisbech

LWhiley.B.A. Bridlington College

fAnibrose,L.G. Bedford H., Folkestone
I Christie,G. Private tuition

I Knibb,H. Comm. S., Stratford-on-Avon
I lLaurenson,E.

I Christ Church Hr. Elem. S., Southport
I Pearson, L.S.W. Boys' High S., Streatham
I Scott.T.H.H. High S., Market Drayton
I Southall.P.K. Grammar S., Shoreham
I Wallis.A.B. Tynemouth School

LWaylett.J.R. High S. for Boys, Croydon
f Aitkin, W.B. Gravesend Modern S.

I Brierley.H. Oakeslnst., Walton, Liverpool

iCharoen.M.L. in. Arnold H., Chester

lJones,F. Private tuition

Mason.C.W.J. Mercers' School, E.C.

Rycroft,E.C. Thornton Heath School

Swinscoe,A.H. .St. Olave's Gram. S., S.E.

Wilder6-Lewis,H.C.

High S. for Boys, Croydon
(-Brown.G. d.

I Canning Street S., Newcastle-on-T.

I Colley,T. Gram. S., Fulwood, Preston
I Crane, W.A. Private tuition

i Hollis.H.F. /. Private tuition

1 Madge,H.M.A.

I South Molton United Higher S.

I Murphy.J.B. Grain. S., Belper

LWenmoth,L.J. hk. County S., Liskeard
rBeevor,L.P. Grammar S., Belper

I IBi-ealey.B.W. Private tuition

I Browning, C. Private tuition

I Cnlverson,A.D. Langharne S., South

Fr3mpton,II.L. Steyne S., Worth

Hainsworth,W. Hall Gate 3., Donoaster
Jc(rreys,E.W.

Kingshulme S., Weston-s.-Mare
Kettlewell,N.H. Private tuition

Manton,M.D. Derwent H., Baniford

Marshall, W.B. al. Holsworthy Middle S.
Pen»lleton,H.C. St. Leonards Coll. S.

LTydeman.B.V. Private tuition

r'Bnsh.D. Hutton Gram. S.

I Carman,B. St. Olave's Gram. S., S.E.
I Gilbertson,F.J. Argyle H., Sunderland
I Horton,B.K. Cliftonville Coll., Margate
] Meyer.H. Mercers' School, E.C.

I Naylor,F./. Rastrick Gram. S., Brighou.se
LWebb.G.T. /. Private tuition

f lBuck,E. Private tuition

I iCoote,P.E. Cambridge H.,CamdenBd.,N.
I Eason,W. JIargate Commercial S.

I Emery,P.C. Kendrick S., Reading

I Evetts,R.C.T. St.PaursS.,W.Ken.sington
I iFoster,A.D. CoUegiateS., Bridgwat-r
I Harris, W.H. Private tuition

I Pierce, W.C. ik. St. Leonards Coll. S.

1 Siraonseu,W.V. Colebrook H., Bognor
! Summers,L. W Brondesbury College

I Welfare,8.A. Brunswick H., Maidstone
I lWest,D.A. St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate
l^WilsoUjR.L. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle
flAllen,J.B. High S., for Boys, Croydon
I Angwin,R.P. a.al. Highbury Park School
I Bell,A.E. Derwent H., Baniford

1 Day, J. Queensberry S., Longton

Dowding,C.A.L.

The College, Weston-s.-JIare
Drake, D.H. Ellesmere S., Harrogate

Horton,S.

St. Martin's Gram. S., Searborongh
Rodriguez, C.E. Gunnersbury S.,Chiswick
ISinclair,K.F.

Ryde House Comm. S., Ripley
l,iSinith,J.W. Private tuition

('Anios,T. al. Grammar 8., Sale

I lCandish,B.J. W.-. St. Winifred's, Torquay
I lGardner,W.P.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
1 Glasper,W.
I The Preston Gram. S., Stokesley

Hopkins, .S.N. a.al.f. Private tuition

I Lack.E.B. s. Grove H., Highgat

I Llarena,B.F. Dulwich College

I Poulton,A.H. mil.
I Ryde House Coinm. S., Ripley

I Price, H. P. Private tuition

l^Williams,K.R. w. Private tuition

f Bennett, W.L.B. 57 Lansdowne St., Hovi
I iChester,C.C. St. Leonards Coll. S,

1 Coombs, A. C. d. Beverley S. , Barnes

I Day,6.K. Western Coll., Harrogate

Gore-Jones,8.F. High S.for Boys, Croydi
I Hyde,W.R. St.John's Coll., Finsbury Park
I lOgden.J.M. The Greystones,Scarborougli
LPocockjE.J. Kendrick 8., Reading

Bociin,L.A. Argyle H., Sunderland

Caton,T.C. Oakeslnst, Walton, Liverpool
Clarke,H.B. Penketh School

Dodd,A.F. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

Hewens,F. Margate Commercial S,

Hufram,J.C. The College, Buxton

Perrem,J.H. The Gram. S., Newton Abbot
Ramsden,A.M. Clifton Coll., Harrogatt
Roberts,M.E. Margate Commercial 8.
Rook,B.H. Froebel H., Devonport

RyanMacMahon,J. Stonyhurst College
I Sherrard.F.R.G.N- d. Brighton Gram. S
I Skelton,W. /. Richmond H., Saudgati
I Skinner, W.T.

Oakes lust., Walton, Liverpool
j Smith, C. Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
I .Symes,H.

1^ Highfleld 8., Wandsworth Comm

CHartridge,N.L. ins.

I Brunswick H., Maidstone

I Heppell,J G.

I Canning Street S., Newcastle-on-T.

I Journeaux,H. /.

I Jersey Modern S., St. Helier

[ Kean,J.S. hk. Gravesend Modern 8.

I Ogden,J.R. The Greystones, Scarborough
I Read, W.B.I. Brighton College

I Smith, R.S. Private tuition

[ Swarbrick,H.

I Christ Church Hr. Elem. S., Southport
I iTatton.G.F. 30 Stapleton Hall Ed. "
I Wuod,D./. Gram.S.,Choritou-cum-Hardy
l.,Wood,F.E. Douglas 8., Cheltenham

f-Lelieup,E.P. hk. CliftonvilleColl., Margate
I lMasson,I.A. Mercers' School, E.C

I Tucker,A.E. The Gram. S., Newton Abboj
VWoodford,H. TheGreystones,Scarboroug,
('Chappell,H.R. /. Finsbury Park Coll

I CliB.N.D. /. The High 8., Torquay

I IDenize.F.A. Jersey Modern S., St. Heli
I lMacdonald,A. Private tuiti

I 01iver,R.G. s. Holsworthy Middle

I Roas.J.H. d.
V ChrLst Church Hr. Elem. S., Southport

('Besley,D.J. Chaloner's S., Brauntot

[ Dobson,L.J. Brentwood High S,

Harailton,M.St.C. Arnold H., Chester
I Lear, 'W.J. Grammar S., Dawliah

I Partridge.S.C. Private tuition

I Pennington, W.F.

I 'The Greystones, Scarborough

Private tnitir

Southport Modern S.

Private tuition

Ever.sley S., Stiiiiford

Private tuition

:S., Dawlish

Rowbottom,F.
I Sheard.H.8. ma.
Townshend,O.B.
LWoolbouse.F.M.
CBates,R.N.
I Curtis,R.L.
I Griffiths,T.V.
I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

Henry, M . G. /. Private tuition

Heslam.T.W. hk. Gronvenor Coll., Cariisle
'Huelin,J. Jersey Moderns., St. Helier
Jenner, P. A. Brunswick H. , Maid.stone
Lockett,G. Queensberry S., Longton

Manuel, J. Crewe Academy

Merrett.B.L.d. Mercers' School, B.C.
Shackell.D.R. /. Emwell 8.. Waiminster
Sternberg,P. (jin.f. Private tuition

^Ward,H. Private tuition

f Barber.N.B. Froebel H., Devonport

I nirch,H.J. Derwent H., Bamford

I Cartmell,N.W.C. High8.forBoys,Croydon
I Close, W.G. hk. Brunswick H., Maidstone
I C'ooke,E.W. Wilsford H., Devizes

Fehrenbach.F. d.
I St. Boniface's Coll., Plymonth

I Ferrington,H. ma.d.

Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham
I Fleming, E.G. /. Private tuition

I Forrester, H. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Haws.G.W. /. Private tuition

I Jenkinson,E. Private tuition

1 King.G.W. Private tuition

1 Le Cornu,J.H.

I Oxenford H., St. Lawrence, Jersey

I Loinas.E.

I Southampton Boys' Coll., & High 8.

I Reason, T. F. Private tuition

I Smith,A.M. LancasterColl.,W. Norwood
I Steele,H.R. d. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Sykes,F. Private tuition

I Walpole,B.O. /.

I Gunnersbury S., Chiswick

I^Wills.G.E. /. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle
Chambers,S. d. Bversley 8., Stamford
Chataway,J.D.P. Courtenay Lodge,

Sutton Courtenay, Abingdon
Currie,H.D. High S. for Boys, Croydon
lEvans,J. Private tuition

Horsley.L. Private tuition

Smith, G.A. Private tuition

Virgin,A.H. TheSchool, Bi.shopStortford
f-Bennion,T.R.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Bower,A.LeB. /.

Harleston H., St. Lawrence, Jersey
Cuthbert,R.B. f.l. Private tuition

lDavidson,L,F. Castle Hill S., W. Ealing
Gardner,L.G. d.

Archbp. Holgate's Gram. S., York
Hollings,J. St. Olave's Gram. S., S.E.
Ridley, T. GrosvenorColl., Carlisle

_lStansby,B.F. Grammar S., Ongar

("Bilby.B.B. Mercers' School, E.C.

I Darrington,T.A. Sandwich School

I de VerteuiljL. Stonyhurst College

I Eady,B. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

LLangley,C.C. hk. Brunswick H., Maidstone
fCoIenian,B.L. Sandwich School

, Collis,B. Queensberry 8., Longton

I Lancaster,G.C. d. Private tuition

I Lupton.S.W.

I Kingsholme S., Weston-s.-Mare

I Masters, W.E. Private tuition

1 Morre]l,A.

I Canning Street S., Newcastle-on-T.

1 Newman.J.C.F. Private tuition

I iPercy,A.F.

j The School, Wellington Rd., Taunton
VWard,P. Private tuition

rBeaver,G.H. cK.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Buck,A.G. Grosvenor Coll., Cariisle

I Caunt,C. LadyHawkins'Gram.S.,Kiiigl"n
I iClemmeus,B.W.S.

I Cambridge H., Camden Ril., X.

I Conn, W.H.

I W. Jesmoiid Senior 8., Newcastle-on-T.
^,Panton,D.F. Dulwich College

flCompton.J.S. Grammar 3., Shoreham
I Croft, W.L. ill.

1 Cricli Common S., Matlock Bath

I Durham, W.

I The Preston Gram. S., Stokesley

Fletcher, J. H. Southport Modern S.

Private tuition
St, Mary's Coll., Harlow
Kendrick S., Reading
St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
I IMaitl'and.C.'J. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Mallet,H. Private tuition

I Rowlands,!. S.

l^ Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham

rBarrett,C.A. hk. Grammar 3., Ongar

I Bindon,L.W. Cliftonville Coll.. Margate
I Buer,W.B. Warner's Coll., Richmond
Capon,C.J.S.

Hillmartin Coll., Camden Bd., N.W.
Chefalino,A. Grammar S., Shoreham

I Forbes,H.W.
I Gibbs,R.C.
I Hallraark.A.S,
I Lewis, A. W./.

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

BOYS, 2nd Class, P/jiS—C07itimted.
I Corpe.H. Alargate Commercial S.

I Deaoe G.S. /. De Aston 8., Market Rason
I Blliott.H.W. St. Glare's Gram. S., 8.B.
I Holford.A.R.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Morris, R. P.

I Emlyn Gram. S., Newcastle Bmlyn

I P.arry,J.M, /, Private tuition

I Roberts, J. Oakes Inst.,Walton, Liverpool
I Saul,R.

L King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
CBridge,G.R. Winchester H., Bristol

I Chadwick.B. d.

I St. Martin's Gram. S., Scarborough

I Cl«gue,C.E.

I Royal Gram. S., Newcastle-on-T.

I LeGros.J. Jersey Modern S., St. Helier
I Lowick.H.S.

I Cusack Inst, Broad St. Place, B.C.

I Bose.S.H. Bridlington College

Lstevens.S. Private tuition

fDurrant,J.L,

) Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

t Follett.H.J. Hillcroft S., Mortimer

1 IGrace.B.F. Broomy Hill Acad., Hereford

i Johnson, W.

I Newcastle Modern 8., Newcastle-on-T.

I McGowan,H. Private tuition

1 Mulliner,N. Private tuition

I Pengilly,J.A.

I Bradley High S., Newton Abbot

I T«nton,S.A. St. Leonards Coll. 8.

I Watkins,G.A. W.-.

i Southdown Coll., Eaetbournf

^IWills,T. Charlton Academy, Bath

fBeswick,W,T. /. Private tuition

I 0arruther9,P.G.E.

I Bly.A J. gm./.
I Bvans,C.H. /.

Grogiu,E.G.

Holmes, N.W. a

Langdo

Laureui

Lenn

('Borland, D.D. High 8. for Boys, Croydon
I Brown, S.D. High S. for Boys, Croydon

Cuthbert,W.B.
I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Evans,D.L. Thornton HeatJi School

I Grassam.S.A. Spalding Gram. School
Jardine.D. f. Private tuition

'Jones, H. Private tuition

LlLintern,E.C. Private tuition

rBenn

osvenor Coll., Carlisle
Kingsbridge Gran

Private tuition
Irammar S., Shoreham
Private tuition
i,G.H. HolBworthy Middle 8,
,A. Jersey Modern S., St. Helier
Brown, A.G. Private tuition

Mallet.A. St. James' Coll. S., Jersey

Romeril,A.J. /.

Harleston H., St. Lawrence, Jersey

Thompson, J. H. Penketh School

VThomson,C.G. 01 Mutley Plain, Plymouth

^Bannerman,S.H. Private tuition

I Brett. B.B. Brunswick H., Maidstone

I Clarke.J.G. Kendrick 8., Reading

1 Cockerill.L.D. J. Forest Gate High 8.

I Elli8,A. Parley H., Peterborough

1 Griffin,C.L. al. Thornton Heath S.

I Palmer,F. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth

I Peerless,H.T. Bedford H., Folkestone

Richard«on,D.R. Huttoii Gram. S.

Rogers, R.S. Oakeslnst., Walton, Liverpool

Rowe,F. St. Boniface's Coll., Plymouth

Trethewey,L. bk. St. Winifred's, Torquay

Way.W.E.T. Oliftonville Coll., Margate

Weatherhogg.W. d. SpaldingGram School

Wilson, J.C. Littleton H.,Knowle,Bristol

.Wright,S.M. Private tuition

fBennett.J.D. s., Holsworthy Middle S.

I Denton, J. H. d. Easinewold Gram. S.

I Dodge.C.E. Grammar S., Devizes

I lFi8her,C.F.

Licensed Victuallers' S., Lambeth
Goodall,H. /.

Newcastle Modem S., Newcastle-on-T.
Jones, F.W. High S. for Boys, Croydon
McDonald.J.S.

W. Jesmond Senior S., Newcastle-on-T.
JMoirond,A. /. Private tuition

Pentony.J. Stonyhurst College

l.Scott,E.H. St, Mary's Coll., Harlow

fB»wden,J.Y. Farnwortb Gram. 8.

I Bowles, W. Jersey Modern S., St. Helier
I Davies,W.M. mu.

I Bourne Coll., Quinton, Binningham

] Fill, C.J. d. Graraujar 8., Ongar

I Leaberry,P. Bversley 8., Stamford

I Linzee.J.l. Warner's Coll.. Richmond
I iParr,G.W. Lancaster Coll., W. Norwood
I Tonikinson,C.W.

I Mossley Hall S., Congleton

LWhite,C.A. bk. Fitzroy S., Crouch End
rBarnett.A.E. Douglas S., Clieltenham

Baston-Cook,A.B. /.
j Grammar 8., Shoreham

Ellis,D.A. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

I Glover, F. Holsworthy Middle 8.

I Gritliths,R.G. /. Private tuition

I Lee,H. /. Sandbach School

I Letheren,S.K.

Wallingbrook S., Chulraleigh
MacIntyre,R.H. Boys' HighS.,Streatliam
Mallinson,J.F. High 8. for Boys, Croydon
Martin, F. Queensberry 8.. Longton

Roberts, T.S. Probus School

Sharp,G. Devonport High School

Smith, C.F. /. Bridlir gton College

Smith,I.E.J. Forest Gate High S.

Southall,J. Private tuition

Stanfleld,C.J. mo. Southport Modern 8.
i Wagner.H. High S. for Boys, Croydon
(.WomersleyiCV. St Leonards Coll. S.

St Martin',
I 81ater,J.A.
I Tucker,8.L.
I Winiamson,J.H.
LWriglit,J.E. /.
('Barfoot,W.P.

Blnnn.A.G.

Collins, R.E.

Crick, A. Private tuition

Holt,H.D.G.

Cambridge H., Camden Ed., "

I Rateliffe.G.

Bibeiro.J.
I ISkey.C.O.
I. Wilson, R.

: Academy

High S. for Boys, Croydon

Oliftonville Coll., Margate

Barton 8., Wisbech

tt.L.J. d.

Kingsholme S., AVeston-s.-Mare
Bowen,B. St Mary's Coll., Harlow

Bradshaw,R.J.

Arlington Park Coll., Chiswick
Chapman, A.H. Richmond Hill 8.

Claikson,P.D.J.

Grammar S., Fulwood, Preston
Crofton,R.L. d. Bailey S., Durham

Dodsley,D. Private tuition

Drever,A. Private tuition

HorsfalI,E. Lancaster Coll., Morecambe
Payne,G.V. Bracknell College

LRichmond,G.H. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
f Burton, C.E.B. d. West Cliff 8., Preston

Cooke,J.H.
j Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I Cox,C. Margate Commercial 8.

Farr,A.W. Broomy Hill Acad., Hereford
Gibbs,S.A. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

king Edward VI. Middle 8., Norwich
NichoU,C.

■ 3 Gram. S. , Scarborough
Grammar S., Shoreham
The Ferns, Thatch;
Barton 8., Wisbech
The Leys S., Cambridge
Private tuition
Mercers' School, B.C.
Philological 8., Sonthses
F.J./. Clair-Val S., Gorey, Jersey
Hall,R.F.G./. Private tuition

Hallett,L.R. High bury New Park Coll.,N,
Horncastle,R.W. Ousegate S., Selby

011is,W.H.F. Thornton Heath School
Oxley,B.H. Lewisbam Park S., S.E

Parsonage, F.H. Crewe Academy

Pitchford,C.E. Grammar S., Shoreham
iPitt,A.

Southampt"
I Place.T.B.
I Taylor, L. bk.
I Bradley High 8., Newton Abbot

VWatts,A.E. ToUington Park College, N.
('Allkin.s,W.H. Private tuition

I Armistead,A. Button Gram. 8.

I Ayre,A. Chaloner's 8., Braunton

i Barker, H.

I The Preston Gram. S., Stokesley

I Bennie,M. Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Berry,P. Douglas 8., Cheltenham

I Carman, L. Blenheim H., Fareham

I Cunmiing,H. i(. Hutton Gram. 8.

I Green, F.N. cli.

1 Lancaster Coll., W. Norwood

I Hartree,J.R. Emwell S., Warminster

Rule.G.G.
l,Slacy,W.B.
Allen, W.F. Sandbach School

Archer,H. Brunt's Technical 8. .Mansfield
Edwards, K.G. St. Deiniol's, Bangor

Gordon, H.E. LancasterColL, W.Norwood
Heath.S.P. bk.

Grammar 8., Longsight, Manchester
Knatchbull,R.

Oxenford H., St. Lawrence, Jer
Luce.W. OxenfordH., St. Lawrence, Jersey
Macdonald.S.R. Arundel H., Surbiton
Grammar S., Shoreham
8., Shoreham
Private tuition
esend Modern S,
Wardeil,L.J. /. Mount Academy, Malton
^Watson,M.G. Private tuition

('Baker,D.T.

Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham
i Bullett,G.W. HighfieldS.,Muswell Hill,N,
I Cashin.P.W. Private tuitioi

I Chambers, J. G. . Haughton S., York

I Epstein, J. Private tuition

I Gallop,S.G. Winche.ster H., Bristol

I Highton,C.L. Southport Modern 8.

I Holloway.W.J. The College, Clevedon
Horbury,F. gm. Private tuition

Maelzer.N.H.S. Private tuitior

Perkin.L.N. Wallingbrook S., Chulmleigl
Roberts, W.S. St. Paul's 8.,W.Kensingtor
Short,F.R.

W. Jesmond Senior S., Newcastle-on-T.
Spalding.F.L. Private tuition

.,iThierens,F. Skerry's Coll,, Liverpool
fBowman,J. Oakeslnst., Walton, Liverpool
I Briggs,G. ch. Whitchurch Gram. "

I Campbell, W.S. Private tuit

Fielden,F.E. High S., Leek

I Harrison, R. St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate
Marshall, F. Council S., Queenborough
LPurvis,G.B. Grammars., Bridlington
CBates.C.C. Bailey 8., Durham

I Coupe,J.S. Gram. 8., Fulwood, Preston

rCook,R.P.

1 Farquharson,W,

I Gibbins.G.L.

I Bradley High S., Newton Abbot

I iGodfrey,E. Grammar 8., Margate

I Hoffmann, F.J.

I Bradley High S., Newton Abbot

I MacPherson.N.H.

High S. for Boys, Croyd,

Private tuition

Taunton School

Newquay College

Bewdley Gram. 8.

Richmond Hill School

Marshall, H.H.
Norman, J.G.
Eeid.R.
Wallif "

I Ozzard,J.R. h.

I Phillips,R.G.

I Robinson.C.C

I Southan,J.

LWright,J.G.

rCooke.C.P.

I King Edward VI. Middle 8., Norw

i Goad, A. J. d. Private tuit

l^Martyn,H.J. Drayton Green S., Ealing

rHeaviside,S.C.

I Highfield S., Wandsworth Common

I Powell, H.W

I Licensed Victuallers' S., Lambeth

I Romeril,C.

I. Harleston H., St Lawrence, Jersey

|'Allen,8.B. Barton 8., Wisbech

I Dale.B. St. Boniface's Coll., Plymouth

LSmith,C.H. Lancaster Coll., W.Ni

CAdderley,F.A. Boys' Coll. S., Aldershot

I Bayley,J.H. Private tuition

I Beach.A.H. Private tuit

I Cri.sp.A.F. Langharne 8., Southsea

IDixon,C.C. Private tuition

Godsell,R. Spalding G:

Greenwood, H.W.
I Municipal Secondary 8., Hanley

I 'Hill, A. Pi-ivate tuition

I Morgan, U. Collegiate 8., Bridgwater

I Morris, W.B.W. Lytham Colli ^

I Nichols, J. Bversley S., Stamford

I Rose.L. St. Martin'sGram. 8., Scarborough
I Sliaw,H.C. Private tuition

I Stoneman,E.A. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth
Walford,T.J. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
tWelch,G. Chaloner's S., Braunton

Adams,R.G.H. Maida Vale School, W,
Austin, A.T. Private tuition

ChaufTourier.V.M.D. /. Private tuition
Ebbutt.H.B. High S. for Boy.s, Croyd
Elliot,B. Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
1 Leslie, P. W. L. 3'. Private tniti^

Payne.C.A. LancasterColL, Morecambe
Pike,H.T. High 8. for Boys, Croyd

Richards,J.B. University S., Southport
Shaw,R.P. Harrogate Modern CoU.

Thomas,F. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth

.Wilson.S. Bedford H., Folkestone

rBarrett,L.L. Private tuition

I Bolton, C.

I Christ Church Hr. Elem. S., Southport
I Crowe.A.A.R. Private tuition

I DHrnford,R.J. Grammar S., Devizes

I Giles, B.C. aJ. Private tuition

Gloster,H.W-
I Ryde House Comm. S., Ripley

I Graham, E. MaryportChurch of England S.
I Harris, W.E. Private tuition

I Haynes,J.F. Grammars., Belper

I Peckett,L.V. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow-
Keswick 8., Cumberland

l.Swindle,N.

'Bado,A.J. sp.
Bickerton,C.M.
Chandler,B.J.
Edmoods.H. Gri
Green.B. /.
IHills.F.W.

Eastbourne College
Private tuition
The Ferns, Thatcham
S., Fulwood, Preston
Tamworth Gram. 8.
St Leonards Coll. S.
Mosso'p,F.H. Clair-Val 8., Gorey, Jersey
Vincent, D.H. High S. for Boys, Croydon
Vinson, A. Private tuition

_Wilks,8.E. Private tuition

.''Bland, R.L. Guimersbury S., Chiswick
I Bradley,R.G.

I 15 EUerker Gardens, Richmond

I Carrington.G. hk. Grammar S., Ongar

i DundasMcRae.W. Private tuition

Fairlie,W. Grammars., Shoreham

Harris,R.O. Argyle H., Sunderland

Irvine, J. W. Private tuition

Jagger,F. Council Secondary S., Halifax

Kappcy,C.F.G. Grammar 8., Shoreham

. Kidner,C.H High S. for Boys, Croydon

j Monckton,E.G. Commercial 8., Maid stone

LVeitch,J.R. Private tuition

rIberson,F.H. a. Private tuition

I Jerorae,F.E. Boys' Coll. S., Aldershot

I Rowlands, R.

I Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham

I Seward, E. Private tuition

i Shepherd, C.J. The Ferns, Thatcham

LTilk-y,E. Montrose Coll., Streatham Hill
rChappell,W. Finsbury Park College

I Cossey.S.J.
1 Municipal Secondary S., Norwich

I Dickson.McT. Holsworthy Middle S.

I Etches.A.J.E. Grammar S., Scarborough
I Jolly,S.M. Cliftonville Coll., Margate

I Mc6wan,A. Corner H., Godstone

I Paton,G.8. Roseberry H., Scarborough

Roger,J.L.
i SchoolforSon90fMi8sionaries,Blackheatb
lUlph,H. Springfield Coll., Acton

r Featherstone,R. K.

I Mossley Hall 8., Congleton

I Hainon,E. Jersey Modern 8., St. Helier
I Heads.A. Tynemouth School

I Jarrett.F.G. CanibridgeH.,CamdenRd.,N.
I Kent, J, B. Private tuition

I Pallant,F.M. Gravesend Modern S.

j Parker,V.S. Kendrick 8., Reading

I Shackleton,T.S. Private tuition

I Stone,W.D. HolbornEstateGram.S.,W.C.
I Walklett,T.J. Private tuition

tWebb,L.W.H. Grammar 8., Redditch
f Adams, A.H. Private tuition

I Feldincke,J.D. Grammar S., Shoreham
I Hollaway,H.W. Thornton Heath School
I Hoskin,A.M. County 8., Liskeard

I Jones. W.H. Southport Modern S.

I Kidson.E.L. Willow House Coll., Walsall
LTregear.F. Jersey Modern S., St. Helier

THIRD CLASS.
Honours Division,

Thomas,A.E. (im. Froebel H., Devonport

DuHeaume.H.G./.!.

Boys' Coll. S., Aldershot

Watkins,E.R.E. e.q.al.bk.

St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park

Whipp,P.S. s.e.a.cd.gm.f.

Grammar 8., Shoreham

Holmes.T. e.a.al.bk d.

Collegiate S., Bridgwater

Heeley,G.H.<;.srm.d. M'chesterWarehouse-
men & Clerks' Orphan 8., Cheadle Hulme
l'Barlow,P.a.a;.s;m.d. M'chesterWarehouse-
I men & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme
LBrooks,H., g.bk. Wilsford H., Devizes

Southern,C. s.al.gm. M'cbcsterWarehouse-

men &. Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

fArrowsmitb,E.!;.o!.ArgyleH., Sunderland

Vining,A.D. e.al.bk.
L Collegiate S., Bridgwater

('Andreas,G.E. al.

St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park
LTibbotts,A.H. g. Wilsford H., Devizes
CCook,R.H. e. St.Aubyn's,WoodfordGreen
I Kitts.H. mil. Jersey Modern S.

Seifert,P.F.P. al.bk.
\_ St John's Coll., Finsbury Park

rPaton.W.L. e.al.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I Perrott,A.W. e.a.al.

\^ Bradley High S., Newton Abbot

l-Foster.W.V. a.al. Ousegate S., Selby

LMi.ses,E.W. e.gm. Argyle H., Sunderland
('Coleroan,G.e.a7.sc. St.Mary'sColl. ,Hariow
I Faull,H. e.gm.d. Grammar S., St. Ivea
I Jep?on,L.W.37H. M'chesterWarehousemen
I & Clerks' Orphan 8., Cheadle Hulme

I Needle.E.C. al. High S. for Boys, Croydoa
I Warne,F.B. ul.

I St. George's Coll., Wimbledon

I Way,E.B. aid. Westbury H., Southsea
i Witting.S.N. o.aJ.
t. Grammar S., Scarborough

Anderson, E.V. al.bk.

St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park
CHann,M. ul./. ManorH.,ClaphamCommon
I Jones,C.H. e.gvi.f. Grammar S., Shoreham
I Palmer.H.A. al.gm.

Littleton H., Knowle, Bristol
l^ Welsh, R. e.ol. Bridlington College

f Dawson, H.R. al.

I Alderman Norman's 8., Norwich

I Full.iames,L.J. al. Gravesend Modern S.

Rey'nolds,A.R.

I St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

I Roux,P.E. /. Godwin Coll., Margate

l,Wright,P. g. University S., Southport
,-Drake,S.E. Grammar S.. Devizes

I Henri,F. f.l. Streatham Coll., S.W.

I Higgs,J.N. a.al.gm.

Manor H., Clapham Common
l,Toye,R.H. e.gj. Bedford H., Folkestone
(-Alexander,J.W.E. h.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Arnold,T.J.B. a.al.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Day,E. fm. Kendrick School, Reading
l^Goode,L. g.gm. Grammar 8., Shoreham
rCorin,T.E. Froebel H., Devonport

Jones,S.E. e.d. Bversley 8., Stamford
I Luscombe.L.A. d. Bversley S., Stamford
I Roper,D.W. a.al.

I Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport

I Taylor,H.L. sm.<i. ManchesterWarehouse-
t men & Clerks'Orphan S.,CheadleHulme

Feb. 1. 1909.J

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

89

BOYS, 3rd Class, Uoss.— Continued.
rBatley.J.W. fjm. Grammar S., Shoreham
I Emott,R.S.V. a!. IvelBuryS., Biggleswade
I Fletcher.E.A. al.d. Grammar S., Helper
I Gibaut.L.J. St. James's Coll. .S., Jersey
I Metcalfe, W. e. Bridlington College

l,Pounsett,R.F. e.d. Blenheim H.,Farehani
/'Aubrey,G.F. Ivel Bury S., Biggleswade

Booth, E.V. e.g. Taunton H.. Brighton
I Hindley,A.C.a7.s?m. M'chester Wareliouse-
I men & Clerks' Orphans ,Cheadle Hulme
I Turner.H. Gram. S., On-'a

I Wilcockson,C.H. hk.
I, Cliftonville Coll., Margat

fBulman,!. GrosvenorColl., Carlisl.

I Johnson, W.C. Kendrick S., Heading

I Loche.R.W. Manor H.,ClaMham Common
I ■ffinter,H.H. n/.rf.

L Alilerman Norman's S., Norwich

('Birtles,E.G. M-.

I St. George's Coll., Wimbledon

I Browning,H.O. h.

I Gunnersbury S., Chiswick

I Caudwell.T. (.

I Westbourne Rd. Prep. S., Sheffield

I Gummer,H.L. e.l. St. Marv'sColl.. Harlow
I Hayward,S.L. oi.sm.EendrickS., Reading
I Heasinan,G. W. Steyne S., Worthing

I Hoare,W.H. al.

I Southampton Boys' Coll. & High S,

I Lemmon.M.I. c.ffm. CoIebrookH.,Bognoi
I Warner,F.C.F. rf.

I St. Aubyn's, Woodford Greer

I Willan,G. al. Manchester Warehousemen
L & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hul:

rBenzie.B.A.S. e. CliftoiivilleColl., Margate
I Bnggs,F.H. hk. St. Winifred's, Torquay
I Child.M.D. St. Aubyn'.s, Woodford Green
I Kelly,K.G. g. Ellesmere S., Harrogate
I Meikle,J. d. New Coll , Harrogate

I Newman,G.A. Winche.ster H., Bristol
I Slee.S.B. d. Holsworthy Middle S

LSteele.D. Cliftonville Coll., .Margati

rClineh,J.A. Manor H., Clapham Connnoc
I Druce.J.G.F. Kendrick S., Reading

I Fell, W.J. bk. GrosvenorColl., Carlisle
I Goldmg.C.S. a.a;.(7m. KendrickS.,Readinf
I Hepworth,T.P. gm. M'chester Warehouse
I men & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulmt
I Sargent,S.R. a. Grammar S., Devize-

I Wale,V.H,

I Cathcart Coll., Cathcart Hill, N

I Wilson.H. Cathcart Coll. ,CathcartHill,N.

I Woolverton.H.F g.

L King Edward' VI. Middles., Norwich

^AlbiD,N. nl.d.

I High S., South Shore, Blackpool

I Booth, A. C al. Farn worth Gram. S.

I Helleur.S.G. f.

I Harlrston H., St. Lawrence, Jersey

I Hibberson,W.C.

I Hatfield Coll., nr. Doncaster

I Richards,F.R. al.

Spencer Coll.. Wimbledon
I Saphin.H.A. h. Taunton H., Brighton
LThomas.R.H.E. St. Winifred's, Torquay

THIRD CLASS.
Pass Division.

iGilbert,S.F. d. National S., Holsworthy
rSBould.A.L. gm.d. St. Lake's S., Leek
L.2Hobbs,F.A. SouthdownColl.,Easrboarn
P'Snailum,G.P. The College, Clevedon

LaVaughan.C.G. al. Newquay Collei

»Thompson,F. wi.

Philological S., Southsea

Hutton Gi-am. S

Brentwood High S,

Grosvenor College, Carlisle

Scarborough Collegf

'Pilleul.D. Jersey Modern S., St. Heliei

2Grahaui,W.L.

Canning Street S., Newcastle-on-T.

'Batten, E.C. Ivel Bury S., Biggleswade

'Lark.J.R. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth

»Brackfteld,J.A. Brunswick H.,Maidston(
f "Flower, J. A./.

I St. Paul's H., St. Leonards-on-Sea

I 'Moore,E.G. al. Highbury Park S,

L'Pearce,A.H. Brondesbury College

(^Chapman. E.J.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I 'Clark,J.H. The College, Weston-s.-Mare
L'Cleeve,E.H. Blenheim H., Fareham

r'Dady,J.A.

I King Edward VL Middle S., Non

L'Walter,A.D. Steyne S., Worthing

r»Bolton,P, L. Hutton Gram. S.

I 'Shipman,F.L./.
I, Cambridge H.. Camden Rd., N.

=Squire,J. St. Bonifaee's Coll., Plymouth
r^Comben,H. High S., Market Drayton
I »Simpson,R.W.

I Tollington S., Muswell Hill, N.

I >Smithdale,A.G.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
V'Woodiuff.C.A. Sandwich School

|^Hale,T.H. d.

King Edward VL Middle S., Norwich
L2Roe,A.S.R. Boys' High S., Streatham
2Bath,J.A. Newquay College

f2Field,W.E. St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate
L^Hind.R.P. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle

2Beeson,A.J. BroomyHill Acad., Hereford
r2Francis,A.H.

I Southdown Coll., Eastbournt

I 5Triandis,E. Grammar S., Shoreham

l..2Wigg,J. St. Mary's Coll., Harlon

(-aBeIl,J.S. Tynemouth School

I 2Butcher,C.E. Grammars., East Finchley
I 2Carrick,H.M. TheHarrogateModernColl,
I 2Firlz L. Sandwich School

I 2Ford,R.T. Grammar S., Shoreham

I =Watkins,D.H
L Emlyn Gram. S., Newcastle Emlyn

2Reed,A. Blenheim H., Fareh;

raConner,E.S. All Hallows S., Honiton
I 2Dixon,L. CravenParkColleges.Harlesd
I 2Mann,M.L. High S., Torquay

I 2Rix,R.A. GraniTuar S., Shoreham

I 2Rymer,J. The Harrogate Modern Coll.
I 2SeIf,C.F.

L King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
r=D.lle,R.E.

I Grammars., Chorltou-cura-Hard>

1 2Ellis,C.O. Froebel H., Devonp-rt

I 2Linfleld,W.F. Steyne S., Worthing

I 2.Myers.jr.J. Grammar School, Margate
I »Pirrie,R.B.

L Newcastle Modern S., Newcastle-on-T.
r=Boor,P.E.WestHillCouncilS.,Hednesfoid
I 2Dias,J.J. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle

I 2Still,F.A.W. High S., Market Drayton
I 2Tliompson,N.L.

L Ivel Bury S., Biggleswade

r»Flook,J. Sandwich School

I 2Fuller,C.M. bk. St. Leonards Coll. S.
I 2King,V. Brunswick H., Maidstone

I n"urner,G.F. Scarborough College

I 2Watson,G.

L W- Jesmond Senior S., Newcastl(
f» Court,J. Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I Horswill,E.C. d. Grammars., Ongar

I Hubbard,J.W. Castle Hill S., W. Ealing
I Jellery,J.E. /. Steyning Grs

i =Kampe,G.E.

I High S. for Boys,Upper Hornsey Ri
I 2Nayler,G. BroomyHill Acad., Hereford
I ■Norden,F.L. Craigie, Worthin

I Norris.W.E. d. Cliftonville Coll , Margat

/'Bennett,A. Farnworth Gram. S.

I Calvert, F. s.a.at. Gram. S., Scarborough
I Colgate, A. W. al.

I Milton Coll., Bexley Heath

I Edridge,A.H. Brentwood High S.

I Pry,L.T. hk. Collegiate S., Bridgwater
I Gamier,T.F. SS. Mary & Peter's S., Jersey
I 2Graves A.H.R. Finsbury Park College
I 2Gutch,C.G. Hillcroft S., Mortimer

I Hamilton, T.O'H. h.

I Westbury H., Southsea

1 Hamnett.F.W. Manchester Warehouse-
men &. Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme
I Howes,M.W. d.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

I Peters, W. ge. Highfleld S.. Chertsey

I 2Pocklington,W.R.J.P. .Sandwich School
I Reid.J.W. d. Maida Vale S.

I 2Warrington,H.S.
L Archbp. Holgate's Gram. S.. York

I 2Guy,D.S.E. The Kingsley 8., Shifnal

I Jennings,W H.

I Gi-ammarS., Longsight, Manchester

Lane,H.C./
I Licensed Victuallers' S., Lambeth

I Neate,T S. al. WaterloovilleColl., Cosham

2Ne

^H.

Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
i Richards, B.HF. at./. Steyning Gram. S.
i Roberts, T.H.a^d. MancheaterWarehouse-
I men & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme
I ShapIand,N.H.

I Hadfield H., St. Leonards-on-Sea

I 8ymonds,H.V.B. sm.
I Grammar S., Shoreham

Grammar S., Dev

Wiltshire, W.G
LWood,A.H.
f2Barley,G.J.
I Blake, W.L.
I Butt,F.T.W. g.
I Eason,F.

Ea8on,R,

Farnworth Gr;

Hillcroft S., Mortimer

Barton S., Wisbech

Wilton H., Exeter

C'omm. S., Stratford-on-Avon

Comm. S., Stratford-ou-Avon

^'Brazier,A.D.C.
I 'Britton.L.E. ma.
I Bourne Coll.,

I Buckley,H.G.
I 2deG™chy,R.T./.

Gram. S., Shoreham

CI a

•-Val S., Gorey, Jersey

"Coope.S.C.

•Dixon,C.H.
fDymock.M.
L2Newsotne,N.

I Francis.C. D.St. John'sColl. ,FinsburyPark
I Hedley,B. Argyle H., Sunderland

I 2Hotton,C.W. St. James'sCoU.S., Jersey
I March, J.F. a.

I Licensed Victuallers' S., Lambeth

I 2Reakes.G.R. High S. for Boys, Croydon
"te,C. g.{U. Derwent H., Ban. ford

>,Smith,P.L. d.
rClare.R.C.
I 2Collier,J.E. d.
I 2Green,W.P.
I =Johnsou,E.N.

St. Leonards Coll. .S.

Cambridge H., Norwich

The College, Clevedon

Private tuition

Southport Modern S.

2Knight,A. St. Boniface's Coll., Plymouth
I Matheson.F.S. a. County S., Liskeard
I Nichols, A.A. gm.

I Waterlooville Coll , Cosham

I 201dreive,R.R. Forest Gate High S.

I 2Robinson,C. Whitchurch Gram. S.

I Sharp,A.G. al.

I Manor H. , Clapham Common

I Sumner,H J. Comni.S.,Stratf.yrd-on-Ayon
I Smith,I.T.M. Grammars., Devizes

I, Watson, F.B.SouthdownColL, Eastbourne
TArmcr.T. The College, Weston-s -Mare
I Barker,F. d. Westbury H., Southsea

I 'Bessant.F.R.

I Ryde House Coram. S., Ripley

I Booty, F.C. g.
I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

2Breakell,T.H.

Grammar S., Fulwood, Pre.ston

Clarke, E.S. d. Barton S., Wisbech

2Duck«eld,W.E.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I »Harrison,A. Beverley S., Bar

I Harrison, G.R. al.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norw
I Hill,L.G. St. M»ry's Coll., Harlow

I yode,S.B. Lancaster Coll., W. Nonvood
I 2Moore,A.D.M. Thornton Heath School
I Puddicombe, D.R. al. Scarborough C«jllege
I 2Radclifre.H. Southport Modern S,

I Spurgin,H.J. c. Blenheim H., Fareham
i Sutclille,F.W. ni.

I High S., South Shore, Blackpool

I Wallis,W. al. Victoria Tutorial Coll.,

I Buckingham Palace Rd. ,S. W.

l,2Watson,J.P. Hutton Gram. S.

rAdams,W.J. g.

I Ryde House Comm. S., Ripley

I Beadon.W. Ryde House Comm, S., Ripley
I Clift,V.L. Jersey Modern S., St. Helier
I 'Ernest, A. Queensberry S., Longton

|2Harris,R.C.
I Licensed Victuallers' S., Lambeth

I'Brown.B.E. Ellesmere 8., Harrogate

I 2Chapman,B.W. Gram. S., Scarborough
I Day.J.M. e. Western Coll., Harro.a
I 2Jinman,N.F. High S. for Boys, Crovd.
I Judge,T. e.gm. The Palace S., Bewdley
i 3Lee,N. Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
I Lovett.E.W. Comm.S.,Stratford-on-Avor
I Pepin, A. F./

I Oxenford H., St. Lawrence, Jersey

I =Piper,P.J. Private tuition

1 2Pullen,L.P. Winchester H., Bristol

I Sandon.W.E. Ivel Bury S., Biggleswade
I 2Side.F. The Preston Gram. S., Stokesley
I Thurlby.J. Eversley S., Stamford

I Turner, W.J. d. Grammar S., On

I Waters,R.C. d. Farnworth GranL

I Weekes.C.W.
I, Hightield S., Wandsworth Comn

f'Burbidge.N R. Eversley S., Stamford

|2Colly ~ ■

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

I Cryer.T V. Steyning Gram. S.

I Field, A.J. CathcartColl.,CathcartHill,N.

I Houghton. B.A. Gravesend Modern S.

|2Lewis,L.A.

I Buckingham Place Acad., Portsmouth

I Nott,R. gm. The Palace S., Bewdley

I Thompson, P. a.

Norwich

- S., Sale

Chaloner's S., Braunton
ligh S. for Boys, Croydon
r S., Shoreham

r=Ablitt,B.E.

I Anderson, G.P. :

I Besle,J.R. gm.f.

I Brewer.A. I.

I Westbourne Rd. Prep. S., Sheffield

I Cariyle,L.J. Collegiate S., Bridgwater

I Collier, T.L. St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate

I 2Eckersley,A.L Gr.immarS., Sale

I Ewing,A.G. Bedford H., Folkestone

I Gleaves.T.R. Mossley Hall S., Congleton

! Gray.J.B. Steyne S., Worthing

1 How,C.P. a. Derwent H.. Bamford

I JPenwill.H.W. Grammar S.,NewtonAbbot

I 2Pink-rton,T.R.

! Highljeld S., Wandsworth Common

I 2Shaw,C.E.

I Chadsmoor Boys' National S., Caunock

I !Suiith,H.A. Grammar S., E«st Finchley

I Vernon, R.M.J.

I St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park

I 2Weller,C.G. /.

L St. Paul's H., St. Leonards-on-Sea

I 'Willia
I

l,"Will
, Dim 11
I Fnlle
I "Greg
I

Steyne S., Worthing
raminar S., Shoreham
lornton Heath School

('Barron, W.J.
i Brinsden,F.
1 Brown, D.F.
I Davies,U.B.
I Christ Church Hr. Elera. S., Southport
I Easter.H.W. Gram ' "

I Eglin,A. High S., South Shore, Blackpool
I Goldberg.J.H. d. Mission S. for Hebrew
I Children, Streatham Common

Hayward.J.H. Manchester Warehouse-
I men & Clerks'Orphan S.,CheadleHulme
I 2Jarvis,A.C. Gravesend Modern S.

I Keruick,0. al. Newquay College

I Knowles.J.W. Barton S., Wisbech

I 2Lucas,H. Hutton Gi

I 2Marsden,C.E.
I Christ Church Hr. Elem. S., Southport
I 20akes,J. d. Farnworth Gram. S.

I 0«en,H.B. al.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I 'Richards, W.B.

I Grammar S., Newton Abbot

I Spreckley.A. e. Eversley S., Stamford
I..Wood,H. HighS.,SouthShore, Blackpoo,

(-2Buchan,P.E. Froebel H., Devonport

I Danhy,H.N. al. Grammars., Scarborough
Duffield,C.C. Waterlooville Coll.,Co.sham
I Farrar.T.L Arlington Park Coll., Chiswick

I Gedge,H.W.
I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Oilbert.S. South Molton United Higher 8.
I 'Godfrey, J. H, Brunswick H., Maidstone
I «Uartnell-SincIair,L.
I High S. for Boys, Croydon

I Knott,H.P. al.gvi.

I Littleton H., Knowle, Bristol

2Luce,C. Jersey Modern S., St. Helier
|2March,L.F. Taunton School

I 2Mitchell,L.A. Langharne S., Southsea
I 2Nias,A.M. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Prior,H.R.T.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I 'Rainsden.A.St.Boniface'sColl., Plymouth
I Rabinson,J.G. Abbotsford S., Folkestone
I Sa«r,H.E. Bedford H., Folkestone

I 2Salvidea,F. sp.

I Victoria Park S., Manchester

n6,W.R.B.

United Methodist Coll., Shebbear
,H.E. Lytham College

.ck.F.M. Cliftonville Coll., Margate
C.H. Grammar S., Shoreham

ry,W.J.

Grammar 8., Fulwood, Preston
j 2Jelferson,N. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Mackenzie, K. A. a.

j Thornton Heath School

I Martin, H.W. e. Grammar 8., St. Ives

I »Norman,A. Brunswick H., Maidstone
jaRinesN.B. Scarborough College

I 'Sa'eed.S. High. 8. for Boys, Croydon
I Sanders,F.E. al.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I 'Swift, H.G. Private tuition

Thirtle,N.W.
V King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
('Barnes,S. H. Tollington Park College, N.
I Buckin, ham,J.e. SunnyHillS.,Ilfracoinbe
I Clarke.T.W. d. Gram. 8., Ongar

I Eaton, C. d. Crewe Academy

I Elgey,A. Argyle H., Sunderland

I Kennard,W.D.aI. HighS.forBoys.Croydon
I aLemon,D.G.

I King Edward VI. Middle 8.. Norwich

I Mace.C.A.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

I McKnight,N. d.

I Southdown Coll., Eastbourne

I Nosworthy.T.C.

I Pynsent'sGram. 8., Chudleigh

I Nuttall,D.K. Clifton Coll., Harrogate
I B"Wson,R H. Penketh School

I Sarchet.L.L. al. Froebel H.. Devonport
I Sargeant.S H. Comrnercial Coll., Acton
I 2Thoriowgood,R.W.T,
I Grammar S., Chichester

I Wardlow.C

I Westbourne Rd. Prep. S., Sheffield

I Wehrheim,F.A.

I Cathcart Coll., Cathcart Hill, N.

l^White,A.W. d. Grammar S., Shoreham
- Asbridge,W.H. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle
I Bardsley,C.G.C. e.f. Grammar S., Sale
I Baughan.A.W. Private tuition

I Brown, T.H. Uxbridge Preparatory 8.
I de Courcy Hamilton,J.A. (7'"-

Herns H., Cliftonville, Margate
I 'Evans, L.H.P. St. Leonards Coll. 8.

I Henderson, J. Margate Commercial 8.
! 'Hime.N.A. ClanghtonColl.S., Birkenhead
I 'Keith, A. G. Commer'-ial Coll., Acton

I Lawrence.H.C. Langharne 8., Southsea
I 'Le Breton, A. Jer8eyModernS.,8t.Helier

Okey,T.K.A.G.
I Licensed Victuallers' S., Lambeth

I Pfggs.W.J. Barton S., Wisbech

I 'Rushton.G. Farnworth Gram. S.

Shenton, A.K. WychwoodS., Bournemouth

Tho

i,R.

Emlyn Gram. S., Newcastle Bmlyn
j Thompson, D.J. d. CauibridgeH., Norwich
I 'Thomson, W.J. d.

I Commercial S., Maidstone

I Tuck.D.B. St. Aubyn's, Woodford Green
1 Tunier,A.B. Einwell S.. Warminster

l.,Voss,L.J. al. PlymstockBoys'S., Plymouth

/'Bilhe.H.A.B. Steyne 8., Worthing

I Blore,W.P. Comra. 8., Stratford-on-Avon

90

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMB8.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

HOYS, 3rd Class, PjLSS—Continutd.
I Bro«d,E.T. al.ii.

I Bradley High S., Newton Abbot

1 Chorlton.A.E.aLgfm. M'chesterWarehouse-
I men & Clerks' Orphan S. , Cheadle Huliiie

2Clarke,A.E. Grammar S., Margate

I 2Drane,D.H.

I King Edward VI. Sliddle S., Norwich
I 2Dyer,W.B. The College, Clevedoii

I Ebbutt.F.C. d. HichS. for Boys, Croydon
I 2Fraser,J.W. /.VictoriaParkS., Manchester
i Hammond, R.E.

I Comm. S., Stratford-on-Avon

I Harrison.J.A.

I St. Martin's Gram. S., Scarborough

j LeBrocq.C.

I Harleston H., St. Lawrence, Jersey

I Lucas, J. Jersey Modem S., St. Helier

I Moore.C.H.

1 St. Martin's Gram. S., Scarborough

I Moss, P.J. Brunswick Hous.', Maidstone
I New,R.H. al. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
I Poole, J. t/vi. Manchester Warehousemen
I & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme
I Shoppee,M.C.rf. Cliftonv'lleColl.. Margate
I Smith.E.F. Button Gram. .S.

1 .Stone, S.K. Graveaend Modi

I .Swann.A.B. Mossley Hall S., Congleton
I '.!Whitechurch,C.G. CawleyS., Chichester
L'^Worthington.G. Grammar S., Sale

f'Badman.C.R. Gravesend Modern S.

I Buckland,V.H. a!. Grammars., Clapham
1 Ev8rett,W.G.A. Manchester Warehouse-
I men & Clerks' Orphan S., Clieadle Hulnie
I Faull.F. d. Grammar S., St. I

I Foot.C.S.P. St. Aubyn's, Woodford Gn
I aHarries,D.E. Comm. S., Wood Gn

Jackson, T.C. Manchester Warehouseu
1 & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

I 2Jennings,N. Qrosvenor Coll., Carlish

aKinB,W.O. Grammar S., Margat(

I Lale,J.W. Grammars., Shorehan

i 2Molz,L.S. Gravesend Modern S

I Moore, G. A. R. a!.

I King Edward VI. Middle S , Norwicl

I Morris.H.J. Lytham College

I 2Newton,T.C. Derwent H., Bamford

I 20wens,A.L. TheGreystones.Scarborougl
I Thomson.S. Grammar S., shoreham

Toll,R.W. Froebel H., Devonport

I Wareham.S.W.
I Bradley High S., Newton Abbot

I Webber, L. A. d. Collegiate S., Bridgwat.
I Wbeddon.W.A. Collegiate S., Bridgwater
LTates,A.O. g. St. Leonards Coll. S.

rAtkins.T.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I aBaker.C.H. Broomy Hill Acad., Hereford
I 2Barnes,H.C. Grammar S , Shoreh

I Baron. C.B. 3m. MauchesterWareliousemen
I & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hul:

Crossley.O.L. Bedford H., Folkestc
I >Dodd,W.

1 Highfield S., Wandsworth Common

I DownSjH. Jersey Modern S., St. Hel
I Farr,L.O. al. Winchester H., Bristol

I Folingsby.T.G. Gunnersbury S., Chiswick
Gresty.A.L. Penketh School

Hodgson, G.ThePrestonGram.S.,Stokesley
Hollas, W. Farnworth Gi

Howes, A. C. (d.

Alderman Norman's S., N
Hunt,P. al. The College, Weston-s
2Jenkins,J.P. Taunton School

Mackay.W.H

Oxenford H., St. Lawrence, Jersey
Old, R.E. The Palace S., BewdlfV

Palmer,H.O. d. Brunswick H., Maidston'
Sequeira,B.A. al.d.

St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park
«Sme(ney,H.E. Grammar S., Helper

aSmith.G.E.Eyde House Comm.S., Ripley
'Steer, W.L. Taunton School

2Stevens,J.S.R. Taunton School

Welch.J.N. Grammar S.,Belpe:

rBarnett,P.J. Winchester H., Bristol

■ Bush, A G.

g Edward VI. Middle S.

•Clark, B.C.
Clarke, F.
•Clark e,H.C.
Coldham.P.C.
Cowlishaw,L. al.
Dollin.F.E, al.
Fairweathe

Froebel H., Devonport
Margate Commercial S.
Froebel H., Devonport
Barton School, Wisbech
Bridlmgton Colt

port

Froebel H,

St. Mary's Coll., Harh
Firth, N. al. Bridlington College

French, L. Wilton H., Exeter

•Grapel,W.V. High S. for Boys, Croydon
•Hancock, O.L. Newquay Colleiie

Hansen, C.P. al. Steyning Gram. S.

Lye,W.T. Wilsford H., Devizes

•Hughes, W.F. Private tuition

•Mariano, P. A,

St Boniface's Coll., Plymouth
•Markham,S.D. Chaloner's S., Braurton
•McCabe.S, Commercial S., Maidstone
Myerscough,J.LancasterColl.,Morecambe
Pool,J.B. al. St. James' Coll. S., Jersey
Salmon, B C. Coram S .Stratford on-Av<m
I 'St.GeorgcL.C. Grammar S., Margate
^'Winship.H. Bailey S., Durham

r'iAlford.C.R.

Arlington Park Coll., Chiswick

Bulled, H. South Molton United HigherS.

Colea.W.L.C. al. CliftonvilleColl., Margate

Collins,H.G. Fairlawu S., Leytonstone

Dredge, F.T.L. Cliftonville Coll., Margati

Foulshara.F.U.

St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate

Gebbett,A. South MoltonUnitedHigherS.

Graves,C.H. d.

High S., South Shore, Blackpool

Hart,L.R. Malvern H., Folkeston

Hetherton,A.al. Grammars., Scarborougl
j •James,J. Springlleld Coll., Acton

I 2Miller,N.J.

I Sutton.in-Ashfleld Higher Standard S.
I Morgan,J. B'arnworth Gram. S.

I Springlhorpe,L. Eversley 8., Stamford
I •Whyman,W.A. Gram. S , Blackpool

Wil.son,W.S. d. The Palace S., Bewdley
I 2Worrall,J.B.
L Cambridge H., Camden Rd., N,

fAitkin,R.S. a. SteyneS., Worthing

i Ashley, W.H. Comm. S., Stratford-on-Avon
I 2Bo\vden,F.R.
I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

I Bower8,J.F. Grammar S., Ongai

I Brayley.A. SouthMoltonUnited Higher S
I •Crampin.E.H. Private tuition

i 2Elce,H. Lancaster Coll., Morecambe
I Gammans,L.D. LangharneS., South
I •Goddard,J.H. Western Coll., Harrogate
I Gowlett,H..S. Cliftonville Coll., Margate
I •Haworth.F. Lancaster Coll., Morecambe
I Hunt, W.H. Cambridge H., Norwich

I •Laidman,T. Handel Coll., Southampton
I Page,H.W. Taunton School

I Putland,A.K.
I Hadfleld H., St. Leonards-on-Sea

I Underdown,H. Brunswick H., Maidstone
I •Wadbrook,W.H.B.

I Southampton Boys' Coll. & High S.

I •Walker, S.R.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Way.A.B. Grammar S., Shoreham

! Woodward, J. J. Brunswick H., Maidston
LWyatt.B.T. d. Taunton H., Brightoi

('•Boyd,W. Bailey S., Durham

I »Bnmmell,J. Langharne S., Southsea

I Buckingham, R Sunny HiUS.,Ilfracombe
I •Cardy,R.J. Clair-Val S.. Gorey, Jersey

Cherry,C.H. Manchester Warehousemen
I & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

I Clare,S.B. Farnworth Gram

Davis,E.R. Wilsford H.. Dev

Davy,T.S. al.gm. ClifK.n ColL, Harrogate
I •Fairbairn.E.C. High S. for Boys.Croyd
I 'Gardner-Leader,F. The Ferns, Thatcha
I Hart, F. A. Oakeslnst., Walton, Liverpool
I Highton,L.R.

I Christ Church Hr. Elem. S., Suuthport
1 Hodgkiss,E. al. Farnworth Gram. S,

•Kelleway.M.J. Grammar S., Shorehan
I Lu3Combe,L.

I Bradley High S., Newton Abbot

I Oates,E.T. Grave.send Modcr

I Pagniez,H.V. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

Rumsey.P.C. d. Commercial S., Maidstoui
I Russell, W.C. d.

I Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham

I Shoo3mith,W. Park House, Broadstairs
I 2Skyrme,F.J. d. Ousegate S., S^lby

I Taylor,L,G. e. High S. for Boys, Croyd
I 2Taylor,T.C.

I Longwood Gram. S., Huddersfield

I Traise,E.F. d. Eversley S., Stamford

l..2West,R.V.L. Thornton Heath School

rBarnes,J.A.

I Licensed Victuallers' S., Lambeth

I Bernardson.I. o. Mission S. for Hebrew

I Children, Streatham Common

I Buchanan, R.V.M.

I Wvchwood S., Bournemouth

I Chancellor,D.N. rd.

I Highs., Upper Hornsey Rise, N.

I Cooksey,W.O. Steyning Gram. S.

I Cooper.F.S.T. a(. Manchester Warehouse-

; men & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

I Crafter.H.C. al.

j _ _ _ Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I Craig,J.G
I Danby.B.A.
I Day. R.E. bk.
I Denton, H. P.
I Easthope.B.S,

Gu

ersbury 8., Chis
imar S. , Scarborough
iswick H., Maidstone
New Coll., Harrogate
S., Helper

I 2Fewing,H. .St. Boniface's Coll., Plymouth
I Freedman.H. Argyle H., Sunderland

I Gale, P. A. Fairlawn S., Leytonstone

I 2Gdanitz,F.O. Boys' Coll. S., Aldershot
I 2Grant,G S.

Q

linton, Hirmin
Bewdley Gn

Coll
I 2Hunt,A.S.
I 2Jones,J.E.
I Emlyn Gra

I Locke, F. A.
I Mundy.F.

I Oxenford H., St. La

I Redclifre,A.E. h. HoeGram. S., Plymouth
I Robin, E deJ. Froebel H.. Devonport

I Tunnard.R.W. Barton S., Wisbech

Turpin,D. Comm. S., Wood Green

I Verner.C. al. Highbury Park School

Warwick, K.G.G. Blenhe
Williams,M.H.<?m. Gran:

H., Fareham
r S., Margate

l'Heetham,C.W. Gram. S.,Fulwood. Preston
I Cave.E.W. al. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
I d'Avigrtor,A.H. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
I Dcxter,L.W. RydeHouseComm.S., Ripley

Harrison, V. Hoylake College

Home, J. L. Button Gram. S.

I 2Howard,H. Crewe Academy

I Johnson, R. St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate
I Laslett,B. Farnworth Gram. 8.

I Lewis, T.A. Steyne S., Worthing

I McQueen, D.R. rjia.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Morris,T.H. Taunton School

I 2Nettleton,A.

I The Preston Gram. S., Stokesley

I Parnell,A.R. Godwin Coll., Margate

I Redman, R. Button Gram. 8.

I Rogers,P.W. al.

I South Molton United Bigher S.

I Stanford.J.B. Gravesend Modern S.

I Towers, J. A. Derwent B., Bamford

I Woollacott.A. d.

L South Molton United Higher 8.

CAtkinson,W. Manchester Warahousemen
I & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

I Bolton, B. Grammar S., Shoreham

I Bullough.J.E. Farnworth Gram. S.

I Cohen, P.H. Kendrick S., Reading

I •Darlington, B.L.

I Claughton Coll. S., Birkenhead

I Durant,J.B. Priory Coll.. Bornsey

Fawcett,C.H. Wychwood S.Bournemouth
I Frampton.R.B. .Steyne S., Worthing

I Gilmour,B.S.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I Hardy, G.D. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Jenning3,B.C. Radnor S., Redhill

Kitcat,G.I. St. Dunstan's Coll., Margate
I Malsbury,J. Comm.S., Stratford-on-Avon
I McLeod.H. d.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I 'Megginson,C. Scarborough College

I Price,T.D. King8holmeS.,Westnn-s.-Mare
I RemminKton,A.E. ThorntonBeathSchool
' Roberts, Z. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle

I Rowe.T. Grammars., Ongar

I •Smith,A.E.H. Bewdley Gram. S.

I Stening.A.B. RydeHouseComm.S., Ripley
l^Widdowson,J.J. Gram. S., Shoreham

f'Barton.A.B. Willow Bouse Coll., Walsall
I Bird,E. Lytham College

I Dawson, C.W. Commercial Coll., Acton
I De Bourcier,H.L.

I Jersey Modern S., St. Bel

I Durrant.G. Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Fifleld.F E. Thornton Heath S. hool

Hyde,H.F. St. John's Coll., Finsbury Park
J"hnston,J. Mount Radford S., Exeter
aJoncs, B. A. ClaughtonColI.S., Birkenhead
2Lockyer,W.E. HandelColl.,Southampti
Milton, F.F. Gravesend Modern S.

Preston, P. W. Grammar S., Shoreham
I Rowland, P. W. Abbot»ford S., Folkestone
I Royley,G.C. Farnwoith Gran

VSmith,T.R. Cliftonville Coll., Margate

('Barton, G.B.
I Oakes Inst, Walton, Liverpool

I Burrows,C.J.Comra.S.,Stratford-on-Av
I Cassin,B.VanV. St. Mary's dll., Harl
I Currington,S.M. al. Barton S., Wisbech
I 2Dowson,J.
I The Preston Gram. S., Stokesley

I Dunster,T H.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Fell.W.R. Christ Church S., Bootl

I ■2Ga.sking,C.T. Private tuition

I Hunt,W.J. RydeHouseComm.S., Ripley
I King.A.F. al. St. Mary's C.dl., Harlow
I King,W. Hoylake College

I Land.L.N. Grammar S.. Shoreham

I Lee.H.F. al. Taunton School

I McLellan.R.B. Taunton .School

I Norman, W. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle

I Platt,J.T. Grammar S., Fulwood, Preston
I Purry,A.B. Soutlidown Coll., Eastbourne
I Robirson.J.N. Button Gram. S.

I Schute,E.B. Clifton Coll., Harrogate

I Scott,A. Portland Coll., Chiswick

I Tadraan.W.

I St. Martin's Gram. S., Scarborough

l,Waight,D.E. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

rAinsley,F. d. Bailey 8., Durham

I Beadle. I.A. Brunswick H., Maidstone
i Brooks,E.J. Chaloner's 8., Braunton

I Clough.N. Bridlington College

I Crease, A. J. P. The College, Clevedon

I Even.^H. Grammar S., Southend-on-Sea
I Jones, H.N.S. Collegiate 8., Bridgwater
I Lee,J.G. Taunton H., Brighton

I Lorenzen,A.E. Grammars., East Finchley
I McTurk.H.A.D. Brentwood HigllS.

.Mnrris.T.H. al. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth
I 011ive,L.H. Grammar S., Margate

I Porritt,A. Huddersfield Coll. Modern 8.
I Shorter, B.J. Gravesend Modern 8.

I Smith. D.A. Grammar S., Ongar

I Sngg.F.R. Oakeslnst., Walton, Liverpool
I Tarr.F.W. Hjde House Comm. S., Ripley

Vioarey,R. al. Comm S., Wood Green
Wheater,W.L. Clifton Coll., Harrogate
Winship,A. /. Bailey S., Durliam

Wood,A.C.

Bickerton B., Birkdale, Southp.-rl

fAshton.A.J. HoeGram. S., Plymouth
Billot,P.E. Jersey Modern S., St. Heliei
Boys.C.D.B. Castle Hill S., W. Ealing
Bnggs,G.G. Bridlington College

Burnand,C.L.

Southdown Coll., Eastbourne
Carling,A. Private tuition

Carman,C.R. Blenheim H., Fareliain

Clements,E.T. Kendrick S., Reading

Cliffe.C.R. Taunton Schoid

Cornelius,B.C.J. al

Bradley High 8., Newton Abbot
Cross, W.G. Grammar S.,Fulwood,Preston
Greenslade.V.B.L.

Bradley Bigh S., Newton Abbot
Barvey. A. Brunswick B., Maidstone

Ibbotson.H.R. Button Oram. S.

Jeffrey.R. Bighfield 8., Chcrt.scy

Marshall,E. Grammars., Shoreham

Reeves, W.JI. Emwell S.. Warminster
Rush. W. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle

Smith, D. Margate Commercial 8.

Smith, N.B. Collegiate S., Reading

Verrall,S.R. Gram. S., On,gar

2Walker,G.S. Famham Gram. S.

2Walker,B.E. Willow Bouse Coll., Wal.sall

LWaIton,C.D. Penketh School

rAlford.B.E. St. Dunstan's ColL, Margate
Barton, J. L. Oakeslnst., Walton, Liverpool
2Berry,B. Private tuition

Bouts, H. Margate Commercial S.

2Carrington,R.W. Taunton School

Hey worth, W.N.

Kilgrimol S., St. Annes-on-Sea
Jollifre,J.S. Holsworthy Middle S.

Lyne.G.H. Radnor 8., Redhill

2Nicholls,B.F. Cromwell High 8., Putney
Pigg,R.W.P. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle
spotter, W.B. Private tuition

Priest,W.G. Richmond Bill School

Reeves,G.V. Taunton School

Rigg,J. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle

i Stratford, F.J. Ik. Grammar S., Ongar
LThoinpson,A.W.M. RosemontB.,Newp..it

rAbram.R. Button Gram. S.

I Ash,J.B. Manchester Warehousemen &
I Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulnie

I Baker,B.G. Gunnersbury S., Chiswick
I Baker.L.G.

I King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

I Barber.J. Christ Church S., Boolle

I Beardsall.S.B. ManehesterWarehousemen
I & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

I Bryant,C G. Froebel H., Devonport

I 2Collin.s,W.

Sutton-in-Ashfield Hr. Standard S.

[•Ev

^W.

Kingsholrae S., Weston-super-Mare
i Findlay,W.D.H.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
I Fuller,H.S. al. St. Mary's Coll., Barlow
I Gamble,J.F. The Harrogate Modern Coll.
I Goodale,E.W.

I St. Catherine's Coll.. Richmonil

I Grey,C. Alcester Grammar 8.

I Ball.E.E. Highbury Park School

] Bigson,J.K. al.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpoed

I Bolloway,L. The Barrogate Modern Coll.
I aoyles,B.J. Comm. S., Stratford-on-Avon
I Bumpliry,B.H. South Norwood College
I Karnofsky,M.B. Private tuition

I Langford.H. Lancaster Coll., W.Norwocd
I Marten, C.W.

I St. Martin's Gram. S., Scarborough

I Pollard, F.G. St. Leonards Coll. 8.

I Price,H. Manchester Warehou.semen &.
I Clerks' Orphan 8., Cheadle Hulme

I 2Rahmy,M.A. King's 8., Warwick

I Schreier,B. Gram. S., Shoreham

1 Tebbitt,M.L. Abbotshill, Kilbura

I Yates. A.
V Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham

/'liourue,S.A. Derwent B., Bamford

I Comes,L.A. Abbotsford S., Folkestone
Cove,B.E. Grammar S., Ongar

Davies.D.M.

Emlyn Gram. 8.. Newcastle Emlyn
Dickson, A.H. Holsworthy Middle .S.

Gaudard,P.T. St. John's Coll., Brixton
Hartley, H. Farnworth Gram. S.

Hayhurst,0.

Gratnmar S., Fulwood, Preston
Holmes, S.J. Grammar 8., Ongar

2Huglies,J. Huddersfield Coll. Modern S.
Keepin.A.W. Caversham B.,Caversham
2Kevern,C. Private tuition

Melton,G.G.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
Pitt,B.E. Eversley S., Stamforil

2Rundle.R. Newquay College

Stanners.E.C. The Palace S., Bewdley
Watt«rs,H.R. Langharne S., Southsea
Whitehead, A. D. Grammars., Shoreham
L2Williams,8. Private tuition

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

91

^Pretty.C.H.
"Reed.F.W.
Risely.J.W.
Sandford.B.W.

BOYS, 3rd Class, Pass— Co>i(i>u(fri.
rBradley,B. Ryde House Comiii. S., Ripley
I Brei]iner,G.B.S.

I Lancaster Coll., W. Norwood

I de Courcy.G.L. Eversley S., Stamford
I Edwards.A.S. St. Deiniol's, Bangor

I Falkne'.V.M. n(.

I High S. for Boys, Croydon

Griffin.H.W. Scarborougli College

aHargreaves,C.G. Rusholme High S.

»Howse,F.W.F. Grammar S., Margate
Huntley.E.S. d.

Elmhurst S., Kingston-on-Thamos
Jordan, J. B. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle
LeMasurier, P. R. West End S. , Jersey
Lowe, A. V.

Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham
)n,H. High S. for Boys, Croydon
Pink,B.T. Blenheim H., Fareham

Grammar S., Redditch
Chaloner's S., Braunton
Thornton Heath 'Chool
Eversley S., Stamford
I Simpson, M.JIcR. Godwin Coll., Margate
I Thompson, R.D. Grammar S., Shorehara
I Walkdeu,J.N. gm, ManchesterWarehouse-
i, men & Clerks' Orphan S.,CheadleHulme

fAkhurst.N.W. Sandwich School

Bartlett,J.S. St. John's Coll., Brixton
Blackburn, F.

Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport
Burgess, K.R. Scarborough College

Bywortli,H.A.

St. Aubyn's, Woodford Green
Coopc,E.T. Hutton Gram. S.

2Craig,C C. Claughton Coll.S., Birkenhead
Elliott, F.W. Taunton School

Frampton,S.W.

Cambridge H., Camden Rd., N.
Gordon-Ralph, L. s. Henfleld Gram. S.
Hazel.H. Barton S., Wisbech

Howse.J.H. The College, Clevedon

Moore,T.G. CollettH., Bournemouth

Morcom,F.C. County S., Liskeard

Olliver.J. Margate Commercial S.

Pougher.T.E.

Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham
Rigby.F.J. Willow House Coll., Walsall
Stansby.J.M. Grammar S., Ongar

Stoekley,M.G. High S. for Boys, Croydon
Thompson, A.F.W. RosemontH., Newport
Tingley,W.G. Grammar S., Shoreham

'Vickers.J.C. OakesInst.,Walton,Liverpool

V.White,H.G. Handel Coll., Southampton

Brackenbury,F.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
Buck, R. A. Weymouth Modern School
Chapman, F. Barton School, Wisbech

Cole.M. Highfield S., Cheitsey

Gale.H.G. Blenheim H., Fareham

Gillett,F.E. St. John's Coll., Brixton

yukes,M. Taunton School

Laborde,H. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth

Linney,L.A. Grammar S., Shoreham

Mabbott,T.A.D. Scarborough College

( =Mahler,A.K.

I Grammars., Chorlton-cum-Hardy

I Millard, W.H. The College, Clevedon

I Moring.F. Collegiate S., Reading

I Murphy, D.V. Hutton Gram. S.

I Noakes.J. Margate Commercial S.

I Ogden,J.H.

I High S., South Shore, Blackpool

I Parker.C.L.

Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport

j Pickup.S.F.

I Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport

Swan.E.M. Steyne S., Worthing

Taplin.C.L.L. Kendrick S., Reading

Thomas,G.H.

St. Aubyn's, Woodford Green
Tucker, N. Chaloner's S., Braunton

2Turle,G.P. Taunton School

..Warren, E.H. CollettH., Bournemouth

/'Badman,W.H. Gravesend Modern S.

Duncan, R. L.

Woolston Coll., Nr. Southampton
ans.G. Steyning Gram. S.

rri.son,.!. Penketh School

.ward,H.
King Edward 'VL Middle S., Norwich
Johnson, H.E. Taunton School

KimfuU.F.W.

Hadtield H., St. Leonards-on-Sea
Pitchford.A.R. Grammars., Shoreham
Renison,H. Penketh School

Scott, K.C. Private tuition

Shntt.leworth,E.R.

Oxenford H. , St. Lawrence, .Jersey

I Smyth, F.W.L. Mary Street H., Taunton
I Ward, J. G.

I King Edward VL Middle S., Norwich
I =Warner,B.T. Whitchurch Gram. S

VWiles,M.M. Grammars., Devizes

rBacon,H.W. High S. for Boys, Croydon
I Baker,A.T. Weymouth Modern School
I Bedford, W. The Palace S., Bewdley

I Brook3,M.C.C. Brentwood High S.

I Cooper, L. Hightield S., Chertsey

I Cowie.J.D. Cliftonville Coll., Margate
I Davey,A.R. Wilton Grove S., Taunton

Earl,E.A. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth

j Eastwood, F. HuddersfieldColl.ModernS.
I Evans,A.J. Taunton H., Brighton

I Gregg,G.P. Kilgrimol S.,St. Annes-on-Sea
I Hammond, W.R. Gravesend Modern S.
I Hobden.R.D. Gram. S., Shoreham

I Jackson, S.L. Uxbridge Preparatory S.
I Meade, R.O. Conin)ercial Coll., Acton

1 PerolZjN. Priory Coll., Hornsey

I Saundry,E.A. Grammar S., St. Ives

I Searle,A.E.T. The College, Clevedon

Sirajud.Din,D.M. Privat* tuition

LSmith,S.H. Steyne School, Worthing

rBeer,R.G. Cliftonville Coll., Margate

2Brough,W. d. St. Luke's School, Leek
Chapman, B.

Grammar S., Longsight, Manchester
Chappell,L.F. Grammars., Ongar

Cole,G. Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Cramp,C.J. Grammars., Shoreham.

Crowe, D. R. al. High S. for Boys, Croydon
Crutchley,P.St.J.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Dyer, F.J. Chaloner's S., Braunton

Highwood.C.J. Brunswick H., Maidstone
Knee.N.H. The College, Clevedon

Milroy,A.A.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Prizeman, F. d. Chaloner's S., Braunton
j Smith,A. Ryde House Comin. S., Ripley
I Smyter,H.D. Grammar S., Shoreham

I 2Southwood,J.E.C. Keyford Coll., Frome
1 Tune,T.F. Manchester Warehousemen k
I Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

I Wilkin, A.B.
V King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

/'Anderson, F.J. Grammar 13., Ongar

I Ashcroft,G.
I Bickerton H. , Birkdale, Southport

j Baden, P. Gunnersbury S., Chiswick

I Baeldean,J.H.G. /. Athol H., Brighton
I Black,A.N. Taunton School

I Brvce,K.MallBd.MiddleS., Hammersmith
I Chaplin,P. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

I Clare.G.T. Farnworth Gran ~

I Ford,H.W. Ryde House Comm..S., Ripley
I Herbert, A. J. Barton S., Wisbech

I Houusom,W.A.F. Kendrick S., Reai
I Kantorowicz,C.G. Clifton Coll., Harrogate
I 2Lang-Broune,A.

I The School, Wellington Rd., Taunton
I Letheren.E.H.N.
I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

Mills.E.C. AlcesterGran "

»MuvHtt,G.J.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
Needham.H. Kilgrimol S., St.Annes-on-S.
Nevard.C.R. St. John's Coll., Brixton
Palmer.S.L. Cambridge H., Norwich

Pigott.E. W. Manor H.,Clapham Common
Reid.B.R. a.d.

Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport
Roper, W.F. Hoe Gram. S., Plviuouth
Smith, H.W. Eversley S., Stamford

I 2Sparkes,G.H. Taunton School

I Spiwton.F.M.C.

Breydon U., Bournemouth
L.2Wildy,C.W. Private tuition

rBlytli,H.E.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
Braden,R. Margate Commercial S.

Bradley,H.E. St. Winifred's, Torquay
Carbines,J.C. cd.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Dyer.P.O. Chaloner's S., Braunton

2Fou]kes,W. Crewe Academy

Fullerton,F.

Kilgrimol S., St. Annes-on-Sea
Harker.J.E. Grammars., Shoreham

Johnson. G.A. Lytham College

Kelvin,G.D. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle
Morgan, D.B. The College, Westoo-s.-Mare
Oxtoby.F.G.

St. Martin's Gram. S., Scarbor.mah
Paddock, G.W. Grammar S., Ealing

Pearman,J.C. The Palace S., Bewdley

I Pennington, G.

I The Greystones, Scarborough

1 Poole-Connor.M. Arundel H., Surbiton
I Powell.G.A. e. Blenheim H., Fareham
Stokes.F.W. Ryde HouseConim.S., Ripley
I Watkins,J.P.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I White.J.A. St. DnnsUn's Coll., Margate
I Wilkinson, B.
L King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich

('2Bowden,H.P.

I King Eilward VI. Middle S., Norwich

I 2Chaniber]ain,T. Taunton School

I Eyre,F. Mossley Hall S., Congleton

I Horne,J.H. The College, Weston.s..Mare
I Horne.S.F.

I Cathcart Coll., Cathcart Hill, N.

I Humphreys, L.

I Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

I Jackson,J.E. High S., Market Diayton
Lawrence,N.A. /. Bedford H., Folkestone
I Marlee,N.A. Argyle H., Sunderland

Myhill.W.R. Saham Coll., Watton

Needham,R.A. Grammars., Shoreham
Norton, J. H. Elm H., Southend-on-Sea
Keynolds,E.S.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool
Stansby,J.W. d. Grammars., Ongar

Syder.W.S.

King Edward VI. Middle S., Norwich
Taylor,G.C. The Palace S., Bewdley

Ward.G. BickertonH., Birkdale Southport
V,Wells,T. Margate Commercial S.

('Carman.P. Margate Commercial S.

2Crouch,W.A.RydeHouseComm.S., Ripley
I Gardner,E.J. Swindon High 8.

I Grape, D.H. Lancaster Coll., W. Norwood
t Humphrey, A.H. Barton S., Wisbech

I JMcCarthy.E.J.

I W. Jesmond Senior S., Newcastle-on-T.
1 Norman, R.W. Grosvenor Coll., Carlisle
I Parren.L. Barton S., Wisbech

I Peaty,L.F. Castle Hill S., W. Ealing

j Potter, C.W. Southdown Coll., Eastbourne
I Richmond,D.E. St. Leonards Coll. S.
I 2Simpson,J. Crewe Academy

I Sniedley,P.E. Granmiar S., Belper

I Soper,L.V. Taunton School

l..White,G. Newquay College

King's S., Warwick

Newquay College

Grammar S., Ongar

Ousegate 8., Selby

' House Coll., Walsall

r2Akef,H.T.
I 2Dinnis,W.W.
I Hinde.O.
I Hudson.T.A.

Perry.L.E. Will
I Shepherd, G.E.
I Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport

I Williamson,T.A. al
I St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

LWright,R.F. Cillegiato S., Read;

,'Barnett,P.B.

Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport
aBirkett,R.A. LancasterColl.,Morecambe
I !Bolton,H.A.

I Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham

I Dver,R.B. Taunton School

I Ganniclifrt,A.L. The College, Clevedon
I Gifford,A.W. York H., Folkestone

I Hansford, A.U. Grammar 8., Shoreham
I Huntlev,W.J.

I Elmhurst S., Kingston-on-Thames

I Kirkham,I. Hutton Gram. S.

i Lace, A. C. Haughton S., Y'ork

I McConnell,J.H. Grammars., Shoreham
I Muspratt.K.K.

[ Wychwood S., Bournemouth

I Rowbottom,H.A.

I King Edward VI. Middle S. Norwich

I Shackleton,J. Lytham College

I Simpson,A.E. Western Coll., Harrogate
I, Wiltshire, B.C. CoUett H., Bournemouth

fBolton.T.E.

I Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham

I Collings,J.I. Hoe Gram. S., Plymouth

Edridge,C.B. Brentwood High S.

I Goldman, L.H. Maida Vale School, W.
I Higham.C. Cambridge H., Camden Rd.,N.
I Hodgkinson,F.V.

I Mossley Hall S., Congleton

[ Jackson, J. Lancaster Coll., Morecanibe
I Knowles,S. Western Coll., Harrogate

j Leigh, W.M. 67 Lansdowne Street, Hove

2Lucas,M. Ryde House Comm. S., Ripley
LMacfarlane,J.A. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow

rCottrell,J.B.

I Kingsholme S., Weston-s.-Mare

I Minshall.F.B. High S., Market Drayton

I Mitchell, F.E. d. Taunton School

I (•richard,H.E. Taunton School

I Taylor,E.C. Brunswick H., Maidstone
Webb.N.E. Swindon High School

LWhite,P. Derwent H., Bamford

fBailey,H.G.C.

I Buckingham Place Acad., Portsmouth
I Goldberg,C. Maida Vale School, W.

I Holden,F. Gram.S., Belper

I Lamb,W.T. The Kingsley 8., Shifnal

2Lauderdale,W.A.
I Ryde House Comm. S., Ripley

I Reuter,L. Mission 3.for Hebrew Children,
I Streatham Common

i Snob Private tuition

Springate,E.C. Clair-Val S., Gorey, Jersey
I Tanton,C.H. St. Leonards Coll. S.

I •Tremain,R. Newquay College

I Walker, W.J. Lancaster Coll., Morecambe
I Whitc,C. Tutorial S., Penarth

I =Wild,A.R. Whitchurch Gram. 8.

Lwimlett,A.E.Comm.S.,Stratford-on-Avon

rBenwell,B.W.
1 Bonck,H.E.
I Flowers.J.A.
I Gordon, K.M.

Guest,N.S.
I Hunt,B.O.
I Mannering,R.S.
I Playdon,A.J.
I Woolston Coll

I =Preston,G.R.
I Ryde Housf

I Soper,S.H. d.

Wilcock,W.C.
L=Wreford,B.

Grammar S. , On.gar
Grammar S., Shoreham
Taunton H., Brighton
EUesmere 8., Harrogat*
The Palace S., Bewdley
Taunton H., Brighton
Taunton H., Brighton

. Southampton

Comm. 3., Ripley
Taunton School
Ansdell School
Private tuition

rBridgman,L.

I Cambridge H., Camden Rd., N.

I Cole.J.C.O.

I Arlington Park Coll., Chiswick

CoUett, O. Alcester Grammar S.

Dean, A.B.

Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southpoit
Eydmann.A.H.

Arlington Park Coll., Chiswick
Heap,J.A. Lytham College

McGregor,J.A.

Oakes Inst., Walton, LiTerpool
Parrott,L.L. St. Mary's Coll., Harlow
PiUer.H.J. St. Mary's Coll , Harlow

Towler,H. High S. for Boys, Croydon
Woodford,W.

The Greystones, Scarborough

fBarron,T.E.

I Convent Day S., St. LeonarJs-on-Sea
I Deans, W. Boys' Coll. 8., Aldershot

1 Freeman, C.N. High S. for Boys, Croydon

Higson.V.B.

Oakes Inst., Walton, Liverpool

Howes, H.

Bourne Coll., Quinton, Birmingham

Jones, A.S. Cambridge H.,CamdenRd.,N.

Lee,H. Highfield 8., Chertsey

=Lesmond,G.L. Private tuition

McKerrow,E.W.

Bickerton H., Birkdale, Southport

Nock.H.S. The Palace 8., Bewdley

Phillips,E.A. Collegiate S., Reading

I Ricketts,D.T. Bedford H., Folkestone
I 2Romney,C.A. Taunton School

I Rutter,F.W. Bailey S., Durham

I Sibson,F.H. EUesmere S., Harrogate
I Thurnhill,E.L. Hutton Gram. S.

I Treglown,J.
I Walls,K.J.
I Weber, L.

I Oxford Coll., Waterloo, Liverpool

I Worthington.H.B.
I., High S. for Boys, Croydon

('Adams,V.L. EUesmere S., Harrogate

Christopher,E.O. Newquay College

■ - ■ - ■ - • Lytham College

Taunton School

Highbury Park S.

St. Deiniol's, Bangor

New Coll., Harrogate

The College. Clevedon

CritchIey,F. d.
I Dudley.G.R.
I Fileman,H.
I Garth,B.
I Jaggar,R.
I Kiddle,C.F.
I LeLicvre.S.St.J.

I Jersey Modern S., St. Hclier

I Shepherd,H.N. High S. for Boys.Croydoii

8raethurst,F.H.
I Kilgiiraol S., St. Annes-on-Sea

I White,G.R. Hoe Gram. 8., Plymontli

I Whitelaw,D.H.
L King Edward VL Middle S., Norwich

92

THE EDTTCATTONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

CLASS LIST — GIRLS.

(-For list of abbreviations, see page 86.)

FIRST CLASS [or SENIOR^.
Honours Division,

BennelljM. s.e.g.bk.U.p.

Crouch End High S., Hornsey
Rowtcliff, 4.G. ."i.e. Holsworthy Middle S.
Green, J. M. s.e.ms.

Crouch End High S., Horn.scy
Gieve.G.M. s.d.

Crouch End High S., Hornsey
Truscott.D.V.R. bk.d.

Crouch End High S., Horu-sey

FIRST CLASS or SENIOR].
Rass Division,

Greenland.E.l.s.f. Ein\vellS.,Warmin.'iter
Cheatle.H.B. s.clo. Milton H., Atherstone
RatcIitte.K.B. Private tuition

Keen.F.H. Private tuition

Grattan.M.Mc.D. Beighton H., Sheffield
Buck.D.G. s. EmwellS., Warminster
Taylor.D.A.W. e. Private tuition

Moran,A.G. Private tuition

Tylcoat.L. e. Private tuilion

LeMontaiSjL.R.deL. /.

St. James' Ladies' S., Jersey
Waddell.C. e.

Liverpool Coll., Huyton, Liverpool
Marshall, D.S. d. London Coll.,Goodmaye.'*
Parkin, M.M. d. Wood End, Buxton

Jordan. K.C.S. Private tuition

/■Taylor,G. e. Private tuition

VWilliaras,N. Crouch End High S., Hornsey
fFrank.G. Beightou H., Sheffield

LHarris.L.M. Emwell S., Warminster

fBromley.A.

I Brunt's Technical S., Mansfield

L,Turner,A.V. do. Private tuition

rDay.D. Cambridge H., Camden Rd., N.
LGardner,G.O. Lynn H., Croydon

Speed, CM. BeaurivageS.,Weston-s.-Mare
Johnson, E.

Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough
Forbes.H.C. Argyle H., Sunderland

■Walker.D.B. St. Bdmundsbary, Cardiff
Harrop,F. Inglewood S., ilobberley

SECOND CLASS [or JUNIOR],
Honours Division,

Nokes,C.M. s.ej.d.do.

Crouch End High S., Hornsey

Kearus.E. aLphijs.d.

Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

Adams.L.C. €.a.al.f.inu.

Oakover Girls' S., Burnhani
f Dewev,M.D. f. Devizes Secondary S.

LWatt,E. I. s.aZ.CrouchBndHighS., Hornsey

Meaby,E.D.A. s.e.f.mu.do.

Hemdean H., Cavershani
r'Dunkley,L.R. al.f.d.
I Weymouth P.-T. Centrf

LKiog,G.H. f.cli. Devizes Secondary S.

rBevan,C.A. s.Mii
I Oakover Girls' S., Burnhani

Forbes, W.M. s.f.mu. Belle Vue,Herne Bay
I Meade, M.
L - Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

Ridgway.E.K. s.tl.mu.

Sunfleld H., Wellington
rBurtles.M. Girls' Gram. S., Levenshulme
1 Pnllen.M. h.iiiu.

I Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

I Singleton,M. aid.

I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

l,White,M.C.M. f.d. Weymouth P. -T.Centre

Smallpeice.A.P.d.um. NewcastleH., Lewes
CFarrell, A. h.
I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

l.Matten,D.F. Weymouth P.-T. Centi

Cartwright,G. s.f.

Bestreben High S., Brondesbur

Peeke.H.H. /. Private tuition

Newman, E.k.e.jf.rfo.FelixH., East Dulwich
rCalcutt.E.G. ch.d.

1 Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

|Parsons,M.M.A.s.6i.HolsworthyMiddleS.
LPrice,G.E. do. Newcastle H., Lewes

CNaylor,S.C./.

Beaurivage S., Weston-s.-Mare
LSharpe.P.M. s.d. St. Maur Coll.,Chepst.
("Martin, LW. d.

i Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

Sargeant,W.K. /.rfi.
Portsmouth Girls'SecondaryS.,Southsea
1 Sturridge, K./.
L Bestreben High S., Brondesbury

rFranks,G.B. s.mv.

I Conway H., Farnborough

Garfoot.B. ch.
1 Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

i Harker,M. Pengwern Coll., Cheltenham
i,Stevenson,N.F.s.MiddleClassS., Stockport

SECOND CLASS [or JUNIOR],
Pass Division.

('Jensen.E.M. f.d. Westbank S., Dulwich
I Mulvey.M.

I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

l,Nieholsou,C. s. Grosvenor Coll., Bath

Turner, D. ch.

HeatonPk.Rd.CounciIS.,Ne»castle-on-T.

Hooker,D.M. mii. Private fuition

fBaylis.E. qe. Redditch Secondary S.

LLester,G.I./.)im. Suntield H., Wellington
rBrown,G.L. Whitgift H., Croydon

I ICurtis.M.F. Girls' Gram. S., Levenshulme
I Hill.M. Loreto Cunv.,Hulme,Manchester
I M.'l.lnnii.li.G, Linwood S., Altrincham
I ilh..iMMin,K.McC.s. SomervilleH., Clifton
I iWilbral]ani,E.M.

I. Brunt's Technical S., Mansfield

f Broomhead.H.o/. QueensberryS.,Longtou

1,0.

I Hraton Pk.Rd. Councils., Newcastle-onT.
I Cross.lC.G. Mil. Bourne H., Eastbourne
LWrisbcrg.L.M.L.rf.WeymouthP. -T.Centre
fHayes.V.A.JL iiiii. Glenarm Coll., Ilford
I McDonald, E.A.

I Cambridge House High S.,BatterseaPark
I Stock,S.A.

1^ Clark's College High S., Holloway

rHickson,A.

( Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

I Newell, E.M./.jiA.

I. Pengwern Coll. , Cheltenham

rAngell,E.L.G. d. Weymouth P.-T. Centre
I Coward.E. s. Spalding Grain. S.

ULay.A.L. s. Private tuition

Lenton,A.M. c?i.

Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough
f Cox, V. E. Clark's College High S. Holloway
I Goodwin, G.I. 6;.-. Sirsa H., Cheltenham
LSmith,K.E. d. Eastrop H., Chichester

rHoather.W.G. d. Hounslow P.-T. Centre

I Hudson, T.

I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

|^Kenward,W.N. Newcastle H., Lewes

fCollin,L.

I Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

I lGrosse,A.M. 17. Private tuition

I^Sinith,S.G./)iui. Brookville, Filey

rBlunsuuLO. s.e. Woodford High S.

I Gibbs,E.M. d. Holt H., Fakenham

I lHaworth,J.

I Breck Coll. S., Poulton le Fylde

i Hobbs.K.M. s. Alexandra Coll., Shirley

I Marsland,N.B. sj.

K_ Brook Green Girls' Coll., W.

flWaddingtnn,N. e. FyldeColl.,Morecambe

Whittaker.O.M. mu.
[ Pencraig Coll., Newport

f lMcuntfield,JL Private tuition

I Ussher.B.N. hk. Wilsford H., Devizes
1 Warburton,J. d. Private tuition

I^W right, LM. s. CranleyH., Muswell Hill
fHeaps.J. y<in. Eastrop H., Chichester
I Kaye,G.M.
i Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

MarchantjM. ch. Devizes Secondary S.
I Robinson, J.M. do. Private tuition

I Waite,S.C.

I Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough
LWiltshire O.G. St. Hilda's, Heme Bay
fBrown.F.M. ran. Weatbourne H., Cowes
i Buxton, M. Queensberry S., Longton

Coulson.E.T. d.
Westoe High S. for Girls, South Shields

Coward. CM. Private tuition

lLeather,A. Avenue S., Leigh

Richardson, M.
I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

I Woodward, M.D.s.

L Clark's College High S., Holloway

f Auckland, L.

I St. Mary's Conv., Middlesbrough

I Blacklock.M. d.
I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

lCoIiner,O.M.

Woolston Ladies Coll., Southaniptoi
I McGowan.A.
i^ Loreto Conv., Hulme, M.incheste

rBallad,F,A. Temple Square S., Aylesbury
I Billington.M. Queen.sberry S., Longton
I Faircloth,D.M. s. Holt H., Fakenham
I Kenny.E.

I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

I iLeoDard,H.M, Abercorn Coll., Dublin
VMoss,C.G. s.a. Private tuition

rBurton.M.C./. Private tuition

I Crease. H.M. Larchmount Hall, Yatton
] Levrero,M.L. sp. Loreto Conv ,

I St. Francis Xavier's, Gibraltar

Lstapleton,D. St. Agnes S., Willesden

/'Baines.G.

I Clark's Colllege High S., Holloway

I Dickins,K. mu. Parnella H., Devizes

I Frankling,E.J.M.

Clark's College High S., Holloway

I O'Sulli

I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

I Palmer, D.M.

I Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

[ iPowell.M.D. f/. LulworthHouse.Caerleon

',Rookledge,B.M. Easiligwold Gram. S.

fBrazil.B. raw.

I Teddington Coll., Upper Teddington

I Ed wards, H.L.

I Clark's College High S., Holloway

I IMcGrath.S. Avenue S., Leigh

l.Pitt»,E.M.G. ran. Westbourne H., Cowes

("Elsey.M.M. ch.

I Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

I Ivens.s.M. mu. Westbourne H., Cowes

l^Smallpeice,F.Z. Newcastle H., Lewes

rColboume.K. Alleyne H., Hove

I CoUins.J.H. s.d.

j Royal Masonic Inst., Claphain Junction

I Ford.K. d. Hemdean H., Caversham

I Swinburne,L.M.

L ElswickRd.CouncilS.,Newcastle-on-T.

('Hammersley.F. Queensberry S., Longton

j Sh3ehan,G.

I, Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

(-lHempsall,S.

I Brunt's Technical S,, Mansfield

j Linday.M.G. Cranley H., Muswell Hill

I Siddons,H.M.SomervilleH., Northampton

l^Starck.A. /. St. James' Ladies' S., Jersey

I'Daplyn.E.M. Holt H., Fakenham

LWhite,M.J. s. Spalding Gram. S.

rHubert,F.L. S. James' Ladies' S., Jersey
I Guzman, F. s.e.h. Spalding Gram. S

I iPerryman.D.M. AlwyneColl.,Canonbury
I Spindler.G.M. Private tuition

UThomas.E.E. Private tuition

fICooke,N.E. Private tuition

I ^Draysey,D.L.

I Pengwei'n Coll., Cheltenham

LHank.i,G. Beighton House, Sheffield

f Burd, M. LoretoConv. , Hulme, Manchester
I Evans, M. Private tuition

1 Glover,M. s. Private tuition

I Hamblen, L.E. Devizes Secondary S.

I Ingram, B.H. mti. South Farnboro'High S.
I Neaverson.H.M.

i Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough
^.Rosser.M.E. Preswylfa High S., Cardiff
CEversley,E.H. Private tuition

I Hayes, E.A. Spalding Gram. S.

i Hutchings,O.E. c. Private tuition

I Johnceline,E.S. mu.

I Highfield S., Addiscombe, Croydon

I Leese,M. Beighton H., Sheffield

I Leinnion,V.

j Firth Pk. High S., Pitsmoor, Sheffield
I lNewnian,L. St. Maur Coll.. Chepstow
I Phang.R.E.A. s.f. Grosvenor Coll., Bath
i Prime,E.W.M. Weymouth P.-T. Centre
LScott,M. Workington Secondary S.

Braby,D.E. ch.

Portsmouth Girls' Secondary S ,Soutlisea
fDodd,W.M. s. HopeLodgeS.,BexleyHeath
1 Schuhiuacher,D. Wirral S., Heswall

i iTribhout.A.A./. Private tuition

Williams.G. gm.ge.
L 'Skerry's Coll., Liverpool

^Andrews.R.

St. Cuthbert's CoU., Forest Hill
Batty.H. s.

Firth Pk. High 8., Pitsmoor, Sheffield
Betts,O.M.

Stapleton Hall S., Stroud Green
Johuson.N. Ivy H., Hanwell

Price, CM. Ladies' Coll., Nantwich

ISalisbury.F.A.

Hazelcroft, Weston-s.-Mare
Taylor,M.A.

Secondarv S. for Girls, Peterborough

.' Gaggero, M. sp.mti. LoretoConv.,

I St. Franci-s Xavier's, Gibraltar

I Norris,L. St.Mary'sConv., Middlesbrough

I Reeve,H.M. d. Private tuition

I ISpence.A. Private tuition

I Toogood.E.M. s.

I Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

I Willerton,M.S.

L Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

f Liclitenberg,L.

I Stapleton Hall S., Stroud Green

I Pesterfield.E.

! Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

I Purchase.E.B. Weymouth P.-T. Centre

I Roberts,M.E. PengwernColl., Cheltenham

I Wilson, K.C.

1^ High Trees Coll., Bournemouth

rHill,N.M. Emwell S., Warminst«r

I Need, A.

I Saxonholme High S., Whalley Range

Private tuition

St. Margaret's, Cardiff

Crescent S., Norwich

Private tuition

Belle Vue, Heine Bay

rBourre.C.B./.;.
I Clarke.M.W./.
I Duffleld,R.C.
] iGraham.G.B.L.
I Minter,D.E.D.
I Plummer.M.H.
I High Trees Coll., Bournemouth

I lStacey,D. Private tuition

I Sutherland, L. d.nw.
I Saxonholme High S., Whalley Range

I Young.M.

L Portsmouth Girls' Secondary S.,SouthseA
fCabedo,M. s]h

1 LoretoConv., St. FrancisXavicr'fi,Gibralt»r
j Cordon, G. Queensberry S., Longton

I Falkner,M.K./. Radway S.,Sidniouth
I Jenkin.H.M. s. Gram. S., Hayle

I Mills,F.E.S./.

1 .Stonyhurst Convent, East Molesey

I Swift, E.J.

1, Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough
rHeasall,D.K. Alexandra Coll., Shirley
I Jackson, M.S.

I Belgrave Terrace S., Huddersfield

l_Wright,G.I. Glenarm Coll., Ilford

f Armatys.L.E. Beighton H., Sheffield

I Gass,E.P.

I Elswick Rd. Council S., Newcastle-on-T.
I Webb,E. Hounslow P.-T. Centre

l^lWren,E. Private tuition

f Arrowsmitli,F. al.

i St. Mary's Conv., Sliddlesbrough

I Clapshew,A M. mu

\ Ryde House Comm. S., Ripley

l,Dallaway,D.E. Private tuition

rHoliiian,H.K.

I Stapleton Hall S., Stroud Green

I IHowes.A. Private tuition

I Pocklington.F.

I Brunt's Technical S., Mansfield

UTickle,M.L. Private tuition

.'Phillips, A. St. Maur Coll., Chepstow
I Wilbraham.F. d.

\^ Brunt's Technical S., Mansfield

rCook,E. Woodford High S.

I Hunt,M.D. Blenheim H., Fareham

I Knight.E.M. Radway S., Sidmoutb

I Wilkes,J.C.

l^ PortsmouthGirls'SecondaryS. ,Southsea
('Cleverdon,I.R. Steyne S., Wortliing

I Counsell,M.H. Dayfield, Birkdale

I Dymond,S.E. Hoe Gram. S„ Plymouth
Knvvet-Wilson.A.B. hf.

s'Matlock Rd., Thorpe Hamlet.Norwich
I Ran.sford,M.H. Private tuition

I Shandel,K. 5. Somerset H., Ramsgate
LSpringford,A. Parnella H., Devizes

rMorris.H.A.O. Sunfield H., Wellington
I Taylor.G.M.

L Stapleton Hall S., Stroud Green

rBright,J. Girls' Gram. S., Levenshulme
1 Dutfy,C. LoretoConv., Hulme, Manchester
I Mather,J.U. Rutland High S., Dublin
j Millard, M.B. Private tuition

I iOxford,G.E.

Gro>venor House High S., Cricklewood
I Purdv.H.A.

I Elswick Rd. Council S., Xewcastle-ou-T.
I Rochester.R.E. /.

I Beaurivage S., Weston-s.-Mare

l^Scott.J.L. Private tuition

('Gosltng,E. Queensberry S., Longton

I Linington,W.M. ik.

Thorntonville Girls' S., Thornton Heath
I McEwen,E.
I Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

Feb. 1, 1909.]

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

93

GIRLS, 2sD Class, Fash— Cnnti nurd.

Sandall.M.
I W. Jesmond Senior S., Newcastle-oii-T.
j Vickery.D.M. Radway S., Siilinouth

l,Whiteside,M.M. Fylde Coll., Moiecainbe
f Colclough, D. Queensberry S., Longton

Couchnian.C./. Cranley H., Muswell Hill

Douglas,B.A.

TeddinfTton Coll., Upper Teddington

Freeborn, D.I. Daylield, Birkdale

LWiglitwick,G.J. WellingtonCoU., Hastings
(-Baker.A.C. Elm H., Ealing

1 Boulter,L.O. Maindee Lawn S., Newport
I Cristol.R. s, Somerset H., Ranisgate

I Kerry,G.I.

1 Girls' Coll., Sfancliester Rd., Soutliport
i Lidbetter.K.M.

I Cambridge H., Camden Rd. N

VPotter.M.B. Crescents., Norwich

rBoO'h.E. Avenue S., Leigl:

I Chalmers,M.C. Devizes Secondary S.

1 Giddings, H.A. Devizes Secondary S.

I Jackson, D. s. Richmond High S., Li.scard
Uones,D.E. Brook Green Girls' Coll., W.
CTruman,R.A. s. Spalding Gram. S.

L'Vates,E. Queensberry S., Longton

rrantliug.D. Whitgift H., Croydon

I Corston.H.JI. Holt H., Fakenham

I Mason, D.E.

I Commercial S., High Rd., Wood Green
I Pike,D.B. mu. Emwell S., Warminster
I Thorne,R.M.PearcloseS.,HolconibeRogus
I Wel.sh,M. St. Paul's Conv., Kilflnane

LWilliams.K.M. /. Southernhay S., Exeter
rBevan,A.H. Highwood H., Liskeard

I Bineham.M. Queensberry S., Longton
I Brown, E.,

I Westoe High S. for Girls, South Shields
I Brown, M,B. Private tuition

I Harvey, A. Queensberry S., Longton

l.Kelly,H. St.Mary's Conv., Middlesbrough
rAvery,L. Osborne H., Redditch

i Harmer,M.I. Hounslow P.-T. Centre

I Scott,A.A. Laucelyn H., Kew Gardens
I Sherriff.F.E. Highwood H., Liskeard

LSimpson,E.E. Spalding Gram. S.

rCIeaver,M.H. Durham H., Hove

I Davidson, M.E. Private tuition

I Kimber,H.M. 6;.-. Alexandra Coll., Shirley
I King,R.E. Friends' S., Fritchley

'.^LeRoy.E. Clark's Colleges., Brixton Hill
rLangford,A.B.E.A.

I Roanoake Coll. S., Palmer's Green

I Margetts.W.F.

i. Somerville H., Northampton

rBrown,R.M. The Kingsley S. , Shifnal
I Harse,D.L.

I Central Council Girls' S., Weston-s.-
I Levesley.C. Spalding Grai

i Smithurst,L.A. West Hill S., Hedne->ford
v,iWhite,E. Private tuition

rAbbott,E. Leek High S.

I lBamlett,E.M. Private tuition

I Cooper.A.E. Wcvmouth P.-T. Cent.,

I Stuart.M. Summerland S., Richmond

I Wheeler,N.

L Beulah House High S., Upper Tootin
fCreasy.E. Breakspear Coll., Brockley
I Green, H. Hounslow P.-T. Centi

I Ingamells.E.F.

I High Trees Coll., Bournemouth

I Kerigan.M.F.
I Municipal Secondary S., Manchester

I McElhone,R.

L St. Mary's Conv., Middlesbrough

rBarker,'S<'.E.

I Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S.. Lambeth
I Clarke,E, Brunt's Teclmical S., Mansfield
I Day, n. Summerland S., Richmond

I iLaverick,J. Private tuition

LSinis,A. L. Cambourne S., Richmond

rMacdonald.F.E. WestbourneH.,Chiswick
I Robinson.J.L

L Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough
rEva.K.M. Hounslow P.-T. Centre

LNorth.G. Spalding Gram. S.

^Abram.K.M. Elmstone H.. Ranisgate
I Dobson.E. .St. James' Ladies' S., Jersey
I Ridge, E T. The Magnolias. .Southsea

I Rule.G.G. Grammar .S.. Hayle

I Silvester,6. Blenheim H , Fareham

LSlater.M. Fylde Coll., Morecambe

fHogan.W.

I Lorcto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

'vHodgkiss,E. Private tuition

rBeetlestnne.P.M. The Kingsley S. , Shifnal
I iColling.E. Argyle H.. SuTiderland

I ■Whiteside,I.D.

L Clark's College High S., Holloway

rBarker.I.

I Girls' S., TheChnroh lust., Ilkeston

I Rell.E. CanuingStreetS.,Ni'Wcastle-ou-T.
I Emmett.C.

I High S., The Green, Twickenham

I Jackson, H.

I St. Mary's Conv., Middlesbrough

i Jones.O.I. S. Margaret's, Cardiff

I iThomas.B. Private tuition

I TordolT.L.
LVenuing,M.B,
rDootson.N.
I lMinter,W.A.
Rayner,N

Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough

THIRD CLASS,

Honours Division.

Biggs.C.M. c.a.al.ltis.f.d.

Crouch End High S., Hornsey

Carboni,P. o.a/./.sp.Htn. Loreto Conv.,

St. Francis Xavier's, Gibraltar

Clutterbuck,G.M. ni.

Crouch End High S., Hornsey
^Cootc,D.A. ed.mv. Glenarm Coll., Ilford
I Penson,L.M. h.oLgm.f.
I 39 Butler Avenue, Harrow-on-the-Hill
j Torres, E. al./.sp.d. Loreto Conv.,

L St. Francis Xavier's, GibralUr

Ussher,M.P. bk. Wilsford H., Devizes
Martin, I. e.h.g.al./.

Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport
rBird,L.K. e.g.d.

I The Chestnuts, Wiusconibe

I Dobson,D. f.mit.

L St. James' Ladies' S., Jersey

Parkin, D.B. s. St. George's H., Doucaster
fAndrews.M. sp.d. Loreto Con

I St. Francis Xavier's, Gibraltar

1 Jeram.K.F. h.a.alj. Manor H., Havant
I^Miles,E.A. s.d. Sunfield H., Wellington
rCrewe.E. imi.

Beech Tree H., Market Drayton
LLle\vellin,I.M.L. g.f. Private tuition

Brown, M.H. s.d.

Girls' Gram. S., Levenshulm
f Curtis,G.L.

j Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
1 Izdebski.G.G.D. e/.

1 Le Coin, St. Ouen's, Jersey

I Lavarello, J. /.sp. Loreto Conv.,

L St. Francis Xavier's, Gibraltar

f Bateman,N.M. h. Quarry H., Guildford
I Coghlan,V.I./. Fulford Field H., York
i Poulain.A.M. f.d. St. Andrew's

I R.C. School, St. Heliers, Jersey

White.H.M. /.
L Queeu's 3., Cliftonville, Margate

Shores,A.M.T. s.e./.d.

Belle Vue, Heme Ray
Huthwaite,N.I.W. g. Private tuition

f'Baily,W.G. a.lfk. Alexandra Coll., Shirley
I. Cannon, J. Queen's S., Cliftonville, Margate
f Forbes,D.W.M. ul. Shenley H., Highgate

Pnllan.F.l.
1 Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
LTurner.E.V.A. mil. Beigh ton H., Sheffield
Bulnjer,M.C. g.

Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
Lloyd, L.M. d. Westbouroe H., Cowes
Sloper,G.M. BeaurivageS.,Weston-s.-Mare
Thoruely, B.E. Manchester Warehouse-

lie Hul:

< 'ii ' ' '■ ' ''..Hnrnham

' ' "■ ' ' "Jiurnham
■ ■' ' ' ■ 1 -' ^ li., I loncaster
;. i-.i...,ie.,..i Coll., Batli
Haliover Girls' S., Buriihani
Cambridge House High S..

iiCl
f Bevan,B.M. i
I Brooker,V.A.
1 Crosby, W.M.
i Phang,R.I.M
I Pruen,K.B. a
i Rust,H.M.

I Batter.sea Park.'S.W

I Turner,O.A. s.g.
L Hope Lodge S., Bexley Heath

Atherton.L.
Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction

Kendall,M Uriel S. a. HolsworthyMiddleS

Hewlett.H. ul

Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport

Moreton-in-Marsh
f2Bowen,A.G. Private tuition

(,2Cliff,M.G. Private tuition

2Heckford,A.M.

Colne Valley S., Rickmansworth

2Dangerfield,G.R.

St. David's Coll., Moreton-in-Marsh
('2Ransouie,D.E. vtit.

I Ryde House Comm. S., Ripley

L2Smith,I. Wilsford H., Devizes

2Price,M.E. Alleyn Coll., Margate

r 'Mary, Y. /. NotreDame High S. , Plymouth
L'Woodhouse.W.M. FyldeColl,,Mi
r»Coolev,S.E. Spalding G;

] =Grahani,W.M.

I Cornwallis High S., Hi

L'-^Hill,B..M. Clark's Colleges., Brixt
r'Greenwood,F.M. Alexandra Coll., Shirley
L^Mann.R.D. Pengweru Coll., Cheltenha
r»Norris,V.St.Mar\-'sConv., Middlesbrough
I 20chs,B.M. Fairlight, Croydi

L2Waugh,S.W. Pencraig Coll., Newport
("JClare.G.M. St. Margaret's, Cardiff

InVebber.H.V. Felis H., Bast Dulwich
rBolton,G.M. Woodford High S.

I Cabedo,M./.sp. Loreto Conv.,

I St. Francis Xavier's, Gibraltar

I Leahong.M.F.B. Grosvenor Coll., Bath
I 2Tubb,I.L.

L St. Winifred's High S., Southampt^
('2Drew,M.G. Collingwood Coll., Lee

I 2Green,D. s. Spald ^

I SLangner.P.M.E. Alleyn Coll., Margate
I Speller.H.M.

I Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
I^Sumner.C.L. Fern.side, Grautha

r2Austin,W.B.

I Clark's College S., Brixton Hill

I Ellis, W.F. bk. St. Winifred's, Torquay
I Horwood,D.R.e. Hemdean H., Cavershani
I Smith,W.H. h. Harley H., Hereford

t Squires, E. g.f.

I Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport

I Vaughan,M.E. s.

I Harringay Park High S., Hornsey

I Walton.M. rf. The High S., Stechford

I 2Wright,F.

L BrinsleyChurchofEuglandS., Nottingham
r=Clarkson,M.G. Private tuition

I Courlander,K.G.L. li.
I Cambom-ne S., Richmond

I Frost.C.A. Beighton H., Sheffield

I 2Gibbs,H.M. Private tuition

I 2Hamilton,H.F.R.B.
L Workington Secondary S.

^Biggs,LL. al.

I Crouch End High S., Hornsey

I Bradley,E.C. Wilsford H., Devizes

I Brown, F.A. The Limes, Buckhurst Hill
I 2Chidlow,S.J. County Secondary S , Hyde
I Clifford,D. e.

I Friedenfels, St, Leonards-on-Sea

I 2Jones,H.M. West Ham High S.

I Mountstephen,'W.

Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport

I Huut,E.M. g. The Manse, Buntingford
I Nunan,M. St. Paul's Conv., Kilttnane
I Priddy.L.L. Oakover Girls S , Burnhani
I SQuinlan, Madge St. Paul's Conv., Kiltinane
I 2Taylor,B.M. Private tuition

\ Woodhams,M.D'A. Steyne S., Worthing

^aBuck,O.W.
I Hawson,D. mi

2Luntley,G.
I Mayoss,G.A.
I Quinlan,B.

Roderick, A. d.

Spalding Gram. S.

'. Arundel H., Scarborough

Trinity H., BexhiU-on-Sea

Alexandra Coll., Shirley

St. Paul's Conv., Kilflnane

St. MaurCoU., Chepstow

THIRD CLASS.

Rass Dii/lston.

2Tliorlev,G. Ik.f.

Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester
!Bradley,E.A. s. Sunfleld H., Wellington
2Dunlop,B.S.

W. Jesmond Senior S., Newcastle-on-T
2Curtis,M.s. Woodford High S.

2Izod,W.A. Crouch End High S..Hornsev
2Marshall,I.B.

Clark's College High S., Holloway
2King,H.E.
Thorutouville Girls' S., Thornton Heath
2Luke,V. Abercorn Coll., Dublin

2Wells,E.M.
Thorntonville Girls' S., Thornton Heath
2Corden,W. J. iiiii. Emwell S., Warminster
r2Jones,A.B. Technical Day S.,Stalybridge
I •3Stoddart,N. 1M.

L W. Jesmond Senior S., Newcastle-on-T
■2Ridley,M. St.Hilda'sColl.,Hexham-on-T.
PBradburn.M.A.

I Municipal Secondary S., Manchester

l,2Manning,R. Holsworthy National S.
2Buck,N.A. Emwell S., Warminster

2Burt,G.N. s. Spalding Gram. S.

I 201sen,L.A.

I Central Con

l.2Yull,L.A.

('Audrews.J.B

I Barter, D.K.

I Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S., Lambeth

I Burdon.A.M.

I Royal Masonic Inst., Clapli

I 2Clancy,S. St. Paul's Conv., Killinane

I Hodgkinson,W. d.

1 Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junctior

I 2Michie,E.L. CambridgeH.,CamdenRd.N.

I Nicholson.S.B. Girls' High S., Castleford

I Shearer,J.C. Wellington Coll , Hastings
I Soper,D.M. h. Girionville Coll , Aintree
I Wallis,K.W. Alexandra Coll., Shirley

2White,G.M. Emwell S., Warminster

I aWoods,B.H.
L W. Jesmond Senior S., Newcastle-on-T.

/'2Anzlewood,CM.

I Borough Coll. S., Rotherham

I Barton,M. d. Castle Dene, Newport

j ^Featherstflne E.F.

I King's Cliff Endowed S., Wansford

I 2Greenwood,M. A. Private tuition

I !Haikney,E.D.

I HeatonPk.Rd. Councils., Newcastle-on-T.
I "Maguire,E.F. /. Rutland High S., Dublin
Oakes,M. Somerville H., Northampton
I "Palfreyman.M .M. Spalding Gram. S.
I 2Palmer,I.L. Holly Bank S., Bridgwater
k,2Tunstall,H.B. Bleak H., Brentwood

The High S., Stechford
mGirls'Coll.,W.

1 Girls' S. , We.ston-s.-Mare

Bleak H., Brentwood

St. Elmo's Coll., Totton

C2Cole,A.L. Park Girls' S., Stratford

I 2Condon,K.A. St. Mary and St. Petei

S., St. Heliers, Jersey
I Gilmour.M.A. g.d.

I Radley H., Wandsworth Common

I 2Hall,E.M. Ladies' Coll., Nantwich

I 2Holdup,E.M.J.

I Secondary S. for Girls, Peterborough
I Lawrance,D.

Royal Mas
I 2Mitchiner,D.E.
I Orange, B.
I Smith, R.E. n.
I Queei

I 2Stone,L.P.
I 2Tideswell,N.
I H

lust., Clapham Junction
Fairlight, Croydon
Woodford High S.

sthorpe, Cosham, Hants
Weymouth P.-T. Centre
Seven Thorns S.,
*. Openshaw, Manchester
■WestcliffS., Southport
D'Arcy Hey, Bosconibe

fCameron,B.
I 2Farwell,D.
I 2Humphrey,H.A.

Girls' High S., London Rd., Maidstone
I Matthews, K.H.

I Clark's College High S., Holloway

I 01den,C.M. St. Elmo's Coll., Totton

LQuuiton.C.M. Castle Dene, Newport

fDunn.D.O./
[ Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction

rBiddle,D.M.
2Dudley,P.W. Brook Gr.
Fleck, D.R.
Boyal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
Gardner, A.M./. Elm Lodge, Petersham
Gillman.D.

Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport
Keay.H.D. d. Girtonville Coll., Aintree
Lang.D. Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport
Morrell.G.

Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport
Roberts.E.B. al.

Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
2Schumacher,L.
I St Peter's Girls' S., Bournemouth

I 2Tabor,E.C.
I., St. Cnthbert's Coll., Forest Hill

f2French,A. Easingwold Gram. S.

I Holnies,G.E. «. Lonsdale H., Norwich

I 2Hornibrook,E.E.I. Private tuition

I 2Loveday,E.d. Thrapston High S.for Girls

I North,D.A.

[ Radley H., Wandsworth Common

I 2Thomas,N. Osborne H., Redditch

I 2Whitehead,E.I.

L Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S., Lambeth

f~Ahitr,h. f. Private tuition

I Bickerstatl'.M. Girtonville Coll., Aintree
I Clogq.C. h. Highwood H., Liskeard

I Flint,I.F. ;i.i;.

I Stapleton Hall S., Stroud Green

I Forrest,G.I. g. Wellington Coll., Hastings
I Harrison, D.G.

I Crouch Bud High S., Hornsey

I Keeley,B.A. Woodford High S.

I !Ki.stnick,E.M. Hemdean H., Caver.sham
I Osbaldiston.M.
I Roval Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
LWalter.V.W. d. Froebel H., Worthing
rCaton,B.K. Roden H., Ongar

I Cox.G.F.L. Temple Square S., Aylesbury
I Crouch, A. L. RydcHouseComm.S., Ripley
i 2Denyer,F.E.

I St. Peter's Girls' S., Bournemouth

I Glasspool,V.

I Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
I 2Heslop,A.B. Municipal Evening S. of
I Commerce, Manchester

I Jarvis.M.J.

I St. Peter's Church S., Bayswatcr

I Needliam,V. LarchmountHall, Vatton
20'Donnell,X. St. Paul's Conv., Kilflnane
Sin pson.D.M. Headingley Hill S., Leeds
Spender,C.C. Harley H., Hcreforxl

Truby,K.M.

Stapleton Hall S., Stroud Green
Welch,A.H.
(^ W. Jesmond Girls' S., Newcastle-on-T.

('2Ausell,G.W. Alleyn Coll., Margate

I Beaumont.H.R. Elsmcre S., Reading

I 'Chcsters,K. Ladies' Coll., Nantwich

I 2Curtis,E. HighS., The Green, Twickenham
Haiiuen,M.H.G. h. Private tuition

I Peacock, K.E. rf. Holt H., Fakenham

I "Pope,B.D. 109 Uxbridge Rd., Ealing
I =Sclioflcld,E. Technical Days., Staly bridge
I 2Wilkinsou,J.

I Maryport Church of England S.

l..2Wri!;ht,E.H. Fylde Coll., Morecambe

|'Allchin,F.V.

I Roval Masonic lust., Clapham Junction

I Hart; V. CM. LlanfairH.. Kington

I Johnson, C.J.

I Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S., Lambeth

I Maggs,J.V.M./. Private tuition

I Martin, E.M. St. Maur Coll., Chep.stow

I McDougall,0.K. Belle Vue, Heme Bay

I Newman, D.E.TempleSquareS., Aylesbury

94

THE EDUCATIONAL TIMES.

[Feb. 1, 1909.

GIRLS, 3rd Class, Pass.— Coii/iniKrf.
I 0'R«illy,K. d. Loreto Conv.,

1 St. Francis Xivier's, GibralUr

I ^Robinson, L. Eastgat.e, Stafford

I White.D.M.A. d.

I Queen's S., Cliftonville, Margate

CBrewer,B.E. Privat* tuition

I Briggs.A.H. Girtonville Coll., Aintree
I Dodsworth.M.H. Froebel H., Worthing
I Gale.H. gm. Manchester Warehousemen &
I Cleri;s' Orphan S., Cheartle Hulrae

I Hudson, W.

t Loreto Conv., Hulmc, JIanchester

I 2Jenkins,A.M.

I SumnieiTield Hall, Maesycwmmer

I 2Martin,B. BreckColl.S.,Poulton.Ie-Fylde
I 2Roberts,A. 20 South Terrace, Cork

Towneud,B.5!. d. Private tuition

I Willett,G. 70 Dyke Rd., Brighton

L2Williams,E. Private tuition

fBrand.D.J.R.

I Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
I 2Brownc,E M. Belle Vue H., Norwich
I Carter, B.M.L.

I Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
I -CottelI,D.M. Private tuition

I Doe,L,C. EdgehiU Girls' Coll , Bideford
I Hawkes.K.J.G. Collingwoort Coll., Lee
I Heuner,B.N.A.c!.CarlyleCollege,Brighton
1 Moignard,L.A.

I Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Juijction
I Osborn.E. niii. Stamford House, Bourne
I Parr,D I.

i Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
Proctor,E. cd. Private tuition

I 2Shayer,E.J.
L Central Higher Grade S., Acton

rBlyth.F.M. Lonsdale H., Norwich

I 'Carey,J. St. Paul's Conv., Kiltinane

i Cash,E.V. d. Denvent H., Margate

Crack.N. /. 70 Dyke Rd., Brighton

I 2Day,G.E. Weymouth P.-T. Centre

I Fisher,D,M. Pencraic; Coll., Newport

I 2Ford,D.B.

I Clark's College High S., Holloway

I Gower,E.M. <(. Boldrewood, Redhill

I Le Sauteur.B.M. Vauxhall S., Jersey

I Merrett,M.E.

i Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S., Lambeth
I Morris,E.M. ,«. ManchesterWarehousemeii
I & Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme

Newton,E.M.

Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction

Pouting EM. «.OakoverGirls'S.,Burnham

Taylor,C.F.
L Commercial S., High Rd., Wood Green

Beech,O.A. nl.

Boyal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
Borrow, W.M.

Queensthorpe, Cosham, Hants
Brown, I.K. Westbournc H., Cowes

Grant,A.M. Braunstone H., Newport

3McCall,E.M. Private tuition

Nippin,D.H. Temple Square S.,AylesburT
Pitten,E.G. Lulworth H., Caerieon

Poulton,C.M.BydeHouseComm.S., Ripley
Sumner.M.A.G. rf.

Colne Valley S., Rickmansworth
Taylor.D.M. Wendover Coll., Bowes Park
I White,C.H. e.d.

J St. Hilda's Coll., Hexham-on-Tyne

LWoodfin.E.E. Sunfield H., Wellington

'2Barnes,G.H.

Free School Lane Council S., Lincoln
Betts,P.M. StapletonHallS.,StroudGreen
SCampbell-Everdou.L.E.M.
St. Catherine's, JerninghamRd.,NewCr03s
Collin, M. Girtonville Coll.. Aintree

Cupit,M.E. SomervilleH., Northampton
Hannah, A.S, Manchester Warehousemen
& Clerks' Orphan S., Cheadle Hulme
Hanii.s,H.M. EdgehillGirls'Coll, Bideford
Hu.is.)n,B.A. Edersleigh High S., Sheffield
LoTi.lon.D.E. Lulworth H., Caerieon

Pritchard.G.M.

Roy.il Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
2Rcnton,A. Bleak H., Brentwood

Tempcst.D.M. Hcadingley Hill S., Leeds
Walton.E. Colville H., Eastbourne

2Whiter,C.M.

W. Jesniond Senior S., Newcastle-on-T.
2Woodford,M.

SomerviUe H., Northampton

Bell,M. City of Durham S. for Girls

Bennett, H.M.

St. Kilda'3 Coll., Clifton, Bristol
Bouttell.R.O.

Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S., Lambeth
Christian, D.M.

High S., The Green, Twickenham
Fausset,L.

Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction
Jones,L.A. Brook Green Girls' Coll., W.
Markham,D.M. Glenarm Coll., Ilford
Port,M. Prep.S., Portland Rd.,Edgbaston
'Powell,H.G.

Cumberland Coll., Acock's Green
I Stewart,G.K./. Harley H., Hereford

I Udall.I.R. Larchmount Hall, Tatton

Loreto Conv., Hulme, Manchester

rBach,G.M. Llanfair H., Kington

I Butcher,C.A.E. Bleak H., Brentwood
I Johnson, G. Wilsford H., Devizes

I Jones,M.S.A. St. Margaret's, Cardiff

1 Lewis.E.M. St. Maur Coll., Chepstow
I 'Lewry,H.M. Selhurst Park School,

I >S. Norwood

I Millman,V.

I Stoke Public Giris' S., Devonport

Pape.H.S. Rock Hill, Chulmleigh

.Scott,V.R. Brook Green Girls' Coll., W.
Smith,L.L. St. Maur Coll., Chepstow

Taylor,D. Rougemont Coll., Blackpool
Thomas.B.E. The College, Nightingale
Lane, Clapham Common
(.Williams.F. Breakspear Coll., Brockley

fFanshawe,M.

I Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S., Lambeth
=Guy,I.A.E. The Kingsley S , Shifnal

I Kendall, Mays. Holsworthy Middle S.
I Kewley,L. Aintree High S., Liverpool
I 2Lynes,J.

: Firth Park High S., Pitsmoor, Sheffield
I Mallet,L.M. /.

I Ash ton H., St. Clement's, Jersey

I Mounsey,A.M.

Breck Coll. S., Poulton-le-Fylde
I Rice,H.M. Private tuition

I Roberts.A.I. PengwernColl., Cheltenham
I Smith, M.I. Girtonville Coll., Aintree

I Talbot.I.M. Stuart H., Gravesend

I West.G.A. Steyne S., Worthing

I Williams,I.V. Cambridge H., York

I Williams,M.M. cf. ElsmereS., Reading
l.Williarasou,D.V. AUeyn Coll., Margate

r' Ashton , B. M. Aven ue S. , Leigh

I Dryland, W. A. Westbourne H., Cowes
I Edwards.V.A. St. Maur Coll., Chepstow
I 2Harrison,M.W. Ousegate S. Selby

I SHutchins, H.M. BcaeonsneldH., Brighton
I Kistruck,K.S. Hemdeati H., Caversham
I Lang.E.V. The Elms, S. Norwood

I Musgrave,E.R. French Protestants.,

I Shaftesbury Avenue, W.C.

I Smith, R.M. King's H., Muswell Hill

L2Tucker,A.M. Private tuition

fBabbage,?.!!.

I United Girls' S., S. Molton

I Bruce.D.B. Private tuition

I Danicl.L.M. EdgehillGirls'Coll., Bideford

I Dunster,R.

I Stoke Public Girls' S., Devonport

Gardner,B.L. Fylde Coll., Jlorecambe
I Hopkins, H.K. ,

I Licensed Victuallers' Girls' S., Lambeth
I Mackay,M.L
I Royal Masonic Inst., Clapham Junction

Pidslev.B.B. d. Bleak H., Brentwood
I Pike.I.M. Private tuition

I 2Stephens,D. Private t